Abstract Inflammatory molecules play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, both of which are chronic inflammatory ...conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. Abnormal expressions of pro-and anti-inflammatory molecules have been described to cause an imbalance to the gut innate and adaptive immunity, and recently a large portion of research in IBD has been geared towards identifying novel molecules that may be used as potential therapeutic targets. Understanding of these inflammatory molecules has suggested that although ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease share many common clinical symptoms and signs, they are in fact two separate clinical entities characterized by different immunopathogenesis. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the roles of numerous inflammatory molecules including but not limited to cytokines, chemokines, inflammasomes, microRNAs and neuropeptides and their expression status in ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease in relation to their effects on the overall intestinal inflammatory process.
γδ T cells: an important source of IL-17 Roark, Christina L; Simonian, Philip L; Fontenot, Andrew P ...
Current opinion in immunology,
06/2008, Letnik:
20, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
IL-17 is a cytokine that plays an important role in orchestrating innate immune function. In addition, IL-17 has been shown to exacerbate autoimmune diseases. CD4+ αβ T cells, γδ T cells, and NK ...cells all produce IL-17. Th17 cells are a newly defined αβ+ T cell lineage characterized by IL-17 production. However, γδ T cells are often the major source of this cytokine. Their response can be very rapid during bacterial infections and has been shown to be protective, but IL-17-producing γδ T cells have also been found to exacerbate collagen-induced arthritis. Interestingly, some γδ T cells produce IL-17 in response to IL-23 alone, even in naïve animals, suggesting they are already differentiated and may develop differently than CD4+ αβ Th17 cells.
Treg stability: to be or not to be Overacre, Abigail E; Vignali, Dario AA
Current opinion in immunology,
04/2016, Letnik:
39
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Highlights • Treg stability remains a controversial topic and thus requires further study. • Tregs can lose suppressive function while maintaining Foxp3 expression. • Treg stability maintained in ...part by epigenetic modifications, FOXO, Eos and Nrp1. • Treg stability may be therapeutically manipulated to treat cancer and autoimmunity.
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