Diuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) is a widely used herbicide which has been frequently detected in surface waters throughout the world. In vivo bioassay guided fractionation studies ...indicated that diuron may have estrogenic activity augmented by biotransformation. This study evaluated the effects of diuron and three of its metabolites on plasma hormone concentrations and spermatogenesis of the freshwater fish Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Sexually mature male fish were exposed for 25 days to diuron, as well to its metabolites 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA), 3,4-dichlorophenylurea (DCPU) and 3,4-dichlorophenyl-N-methylurea (DCPMU), at concentrations of 200ng/L. Testosterone levels were decreased by diuron, but had limited effects on gonadal histology. Diuron metabolites, however, caused significant decreases in testosterone and in 11-ketotestosterone, gonadosomatic index, diameter of seminiferous tubules and in the mean percentages of germ cells (spermatids and spermatozoa). We conclude that these metabolites have antiandrogenic activity to male Nile tilapia, potentially causing reproductive impairment in male fish.
This paper describes the background, role and impact of the involvement of Andi Selle in the throes of armed in South Sulawesi. This research is a descriptive-analytic nature by using the historical ...method through phases of heuristics, critique, interpretation, and historiography. The involvement of Andi Selle in the throes of armed caused by internal conflict on TNI. Andi Selle was involved in a series of conflicts with several parties from the time of independence until the period before independence. The upheaval affects ethnic hatred caused by acts of violence and the monopoly of trade in the region committed soldiers, so that hurt the people of Mandar.
In order to predict the risks of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) based on the deep learning model of brain 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET), a total of 350 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) ...participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database were selected as the research objects; in addition, the Convolutional Architecture for Fast Feature Embedding (CAFFE) was selected as the framework of the deep learning platform; the FDG PET image features of each participant were extracted by a deep convolution network model to construct the prediction and classification models; therefore, the MCI stage features were classified and the transformation was predicted. The results showed that in terms of the MCI transformation prediction, the sensitivity and specificity of conv3 classification were respectively 91.02% and 77.63%; in terms of the Late Mild Cognitive Impairment (LMCI) and Early Mild Cognitive Impairment (EMCI) classification, the accuracy of conv5 classification was 72.19%, and the sensitivity and specificity of conv5 were all 73% approximately. Thus, it was seen that the model constructed in the research could be used to solve the problems of MCI transformation prediction, which also had certain effects on the classifications of EMCI and LMCI. The risk prediction of AD based on the deep learning model of brain 18F-FDG PET discussed in the research matched the expected results. It provided a relatively accurate reference model for the prediction of AD. Despite the deficiencies of the research process, the research results have provided certain references and guidance for the future exploration of accurate AD prediction model; therefore, the research is of great significance.
•Simple mode-locking method based on the nonlinear optical fiber loop mirror.•Generation of 5.9 nJ pulses from the Yb-doped fiber oscillator with NOLM.•All-normal-dispersion (ANDi) polarization ...maintaining (PM) fiber elements.•Stable linearly polarized subpicosecond pulses compressible down to 265 fs.
We report on a self-starting Yb-doped fiber laser based on all-normal dispersion polarization maintaining (PM) fiber components. The cavity is mode-locked using a nonlinear optical fiber loop mirror (NOLM) that provides a stable generation of linearly polarized, linearly chirped picosecond pulses. The achieved pulse energy is 5.9 nJ. External grating-pair compression down to 265 fs has been demonstrated.
Proper use of neuropsychological tests in Indonesia is hindered by a lack of properly adapted neurocognitive tests as well as an absence of normative data. In 2016, we started adapting ten of these ...tests for use in Indonesia and collected data from healthy participants in Java. Here we introduce and propose a system that will facilitate the proper usage and interpretation of test scores: an online platform and a dynamic database. Newly collected data (492 healthy adults) of the Indonesian version of the Boston Naming Test (I-BNT) were used to illustrate the usefulness of the two functions. Analysis of variances, post-hoc tests, and a simulation study revealed the effects of age and education on the I-BNT, indicating that it is imperative to fine-tune the reference group based on these demographic factors. Putative inadequate sample size issues for obtaining reliable normative scores were overcome by employing regression analyses and the prediction of normative scores. It can be concluded that a flexible online platform is available for the calculation of normative scores either based on the whole population, on fine-tuned reference groups, or on predicted scores. The dynamic database's growth will allow to obtain even more fine-tuned and more reliable reference data as well as more accurate predictions. Fine-tuned reference data are badly needed for the heterogenous Indonesian population.
Benign breast disorders Galea, Marcus
Surgery (Oxford),
March 2019, 2019-03-00, Letnik:
37, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Benign breast disorders (BBDs) account for over 90% of referrals to rapid access breast clinics. Many women experiencing breast symptoms fear they may have breast cancer, and GPs, because of the ...sensitivities around the diagnosis of breast cancer, and the fear of a ʻdelayed’ diagnosis, have a low threshold for referral. It is also true that breast symptoms per se are poor discriminators between benign and malignant conditions, and clinical signs of breast cancer in the era of very high ‘breast awareness’ are subtle. The assessment of women with BBD consumes a substantial proportion of breast outpatient resources, yet most will only need a single multi-modality triple assessment. Although the exclusion of breast cancer is the primary concern of most women, they also seek an explanation of the aetiology of their breast symptoms and signs. A sound understanding of the anatomy, physiology and function of the breast is needed to manage this anxious cohort of women. In order to better understand BBD it is helpful to consider the following topics: congenital disorders; aberrations of normal development and Involution (ANDI); other miscellaneous problems. This article follows this format but in practice the majority of women with BBD fall within the ANDI framework.
Scientific and research work was carried out to determine the bioregulatory properties of Botryococcus, Chlorococcus, Tetradesmus Scenedesmus strains in plant growth. In the initial stages of the ...research, the influence of these microwater strains on the general germination of the seeds of the medium-ripe cotton variety "Bukhara-10" was studied, in which the international gene bank stored in the scientific laboratory "Biotechnology" of the Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology was studied. Registered microalgae were used as main objects in our research.
Los estándares internacionales de rendición de cuentas en materias de sostenibilidad ambiental y responsabilidad social (en inglés, International Accountability Standards) guían y evalúan el ...comportamiento de las empresas, para que estas se ajusten de manera voluntaria a ciertos principios normativos. Sin embargo, esta voluntariedad no puede basarse solo en la idea de que ser ético paga, pues muchas de las exigencias sociales y ambientales implican sacrificios de rentabilidad. La reflexión aquí planteada muestra que existen vacíos en la justificiación de los principios que pregonan los estándares, que condicionan su voluntariedad y repercuten negativamente tanto en la sociedad como en las mismas organizaciones. Nuestra discusión se centra en cinco de estos estándares, a saber: Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), Human Rights Compliance Assessment (HRCA), el manual de indicadores Ethos, el Manual de Costa Rica y el Manual de Balance Social de la Asociación Nacional de Industriales de Colombia (ANDI), que han sido influyentes en Colombia e internacionalmente. El propósito de esta reflexión es mostrar que la utilización y aplicación de los estándares puede llevar a la manipulación de estos por parte de los empresarios y alejarlos de las obligaciones morales y éticas que tiene la empresa con sus stakeholders.
International Accountability Standards on environmental sustainability and social responsibility guide and evaluate the behavior of companies, so that they voluntarily adjust to certain regulatory principles. However, this voluntariness cannot be based solely on the idea that being ethical pays, since many of the social and environmental demands imply sacrificing profitability. The reflection presented here shows the existence of gaps in the justification of the principles that proclaim the standards, which condition their voluntariness and negatively impact both society and organizations themselves. Our discussion focuses on five of these standards, namely: Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), Human Rights Compliance Assessment (HRCA), the Ethos indicators manual, the Costa Rica Manual, and the Social Balance Guidelines of the Colombian National Industry Association (ANDI), which have been influential in Colombia and abroad. The purpose of this reflection is to show that the use and application of standards can lead to their manipulation by employers, placing them away from the moral and ethical obligations of a company with its stakeholders.
os padrões internacionais de prestação de contas em matéria de sustentabilidade ambiental e responsabilidade social (em inglês, International Accountability Standards) orientam e avaliam o comportamento das empresas para que estas se ajustem, de maneira voluntária, a certos princípios normativos. Contudo, essa voluntariedade não pode estar baseada somente na ideia de que ser ético paga, pois muitas das exigências sociais e ambientais implicam sacrifícios de rentabilidade. A reflexão aqui proposta mostra que existem lacunas na justificativa dos princípios que estabelecem os padrões, que condicionam sua voluntariedade e repercutem negativamente tanto na sociedade quanto nas mesmas organizações. Nossa discussão está focada em cinco desses parâmetros: Global Reporting Initiative, Human Rights Compliance Assessment, Manual de Indicadores Ethos, Manual de Costa Rica e Manual de Balance Social da Associação Nacional de Industriais da Colômbia, que influenciam na Colômbia e no âmbito internacional. O propósito dessa reflexão é mostrar que a utilização e aplicação desses parâmetros pode levar à manipulação destes por parte dos empresários e afastá-los das obrigações morais e éticas que a empresa tem com seus stakeholders.
Les normes internationales de responsabilité en matière de durabilité environnementale et de responsabilité sociale (en anglais, International Accountability Standards) guident et évaluent le comportement des entreprises, afin qu'elles s'adaptent volontairement à certains principes réglementaires. Toutefois, ce caractère volontaire ne peut se fonder uniquement sur l’idée que l’éthique est rentable, car de nombreuses exigences sociales et environnementales impliquent des sacrifices de rentabilité. La réflexion présentée montre qu'il existe des lacunes dans la justification des principes qui proclament les normes, qui conditionnent leur caractère volontaire et ont un impact négatif sur la société et les organisations elles-mêmes. Notre discussion porte sur cinq de ces normes, à savoir: la Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), la Human Rights Compliance Assessment (HRCA), le manuel des indicateurs Ethos, le Manuel de Costa Rica et le Manuel de l’équilibre social de l'Asociación Nacional de Industriales de la Colombie (ANDI), qui ont exercé une grande influence en Colombie et dans le monde. Le but de cette réflexion est de montrer que l'utilisation et l'application des normes peuvent amener les employeurs à les manipuler et les éloigner des obligations morales et éthiques que l'entreprise a envers ses parties prenantes.
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