Keywords MOF-derived; C-TiO2/CoTiO3; Core/shell; Type II heterojunction; Antibiotics removal Highlights * Core/shell C-TiO.sub.2/CoTiO.sub.3 type II heterojunction was synthesized by MOF-derived ...method. * C-TiO.sub.2/CoTiO.sub.3 shows excellent photocatalytic degradation and TOC removal of CIP. * The *OH is the main radical species in the photocatalytic degradation of CIP. * A new approach and insight for the synthesis of core/shell heterojunction was proposed. A novel core/shell C-TiO.sub.2/CoTiO.sub.3 type II heterojunction was successfully synthesized via a direct calcination method by using MIL-125/Co core-shell nanocakes as a sacrificial template and precursor. In the calcination process, the organic ligand in MIL-125 acts as an in-situ carbon doping source to form a carbon-doped TiO.sub.2 core (C-TiO.sub.2). At the same time, CoTiO.sub.3 nanoparticles are formed on the surface of C-TiO.sub.2 by an in-situ solid-state reaction between the C-TiO.sub.2 and Co.sup.2+ shell of MIL-125/Co. Due to such delicate core/shell structural features, carbon doping and type II heterojunctions, C-TiO.sub.2/CoTiO.sub.3 core/shell composites can effectively harvest visible light, facilitate the interfacial separation and suppress the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, leading to the remarkable photocatalytic activity for removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP). In particular, C-TiO.sub.2/CoTiO.sub.3-3 exhibits the best photocatalytic degradation activity of CIP with a degradation efficiency of 99.6% and a total carbon content removal percentage of 76% under visible-light illumination for 120 min. In addition, the proposed photocatalytic mechanism study illustrated that the main radical species in the photocatalytic degradation of CIP using C-TiO.sub.2/CoTiO.sub.3 as the photocatalyst is *OH. This work provides a new approach and insight for synthesizing core/shell heterojunction-based photocatalysts for various applications. Author Affiliation: (a) Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China (b) Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangdong, China * Corresponding authors. Article History: Received 6 September 2020; Revised 22 November 2020; Accepted 23 November 2020 (miscellaneous) Editor: Prof. G. Lyberatos (footnote)1 BY Lin and SS Li contributed equally to this manuscript. Byline: Biyun Lin (a,b,1), Shanshan Li (a,1), Yannan Peng (a), Zhihong Chen chenzhihong1227@sina.com (a,*), Xin Wang xin.wang@ecs-scnu.org (b,*)
Zusammenfassung Neben der Vermeidung postoperativer Wundinfektionen nach dermatochirurgischen Eingriffen hat die perioperative Antibiotikaprophylaxe (PAP) das Ziel, das Auftreten weiterer ...postoperativer Infektionskomplikationen, insbesondere der bakteriellen Endokarditis oder hämatogener Gelenkprotheseninfektionen, zu verhindern. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden spezielle Situationen dargestellt, in denen eine PAP notwendig werden kann. So benötigen Patienten nach Herzklappenersatz jeglicher Art, einschließlich Transkatheter‐Klappenersatz oder bei Verwendung von Prothesenmaterial zur Herzklappenkorrektur, oder Patienten nach einer durchgemachten bakteriellen Endokarditis bei zweizeitigen dermatochirurgischen Eingriffen, Eingriffen an der Schleimhaut oder ulzerierten Tumoren eine PAP. Auch die Anwendung einer PAP in speziellen Situationen wie bei sekundärer Wundheilung, septischen dermatochirurgischen Eingriffen oder Ulcus cruris‐Chirurgie werden in dieser Arbeit anhand der aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Literatur ausführlich dargestellt und diskutiert. Die vorliegende Arbeit ist der 2. Teil des Positionspapiers der Arbeitsgruppe Antibiotic Stewardship der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Dermatochirurgie und formuliert evidenzbasierte Empfehlungen für die Verabreichung einer PAP bei dermatochirurgischen Eingriffen bei speziellen Indikationen und Situationen. Dies ist von besonderer Wichtigkeit, da bei dermatochirurgischen Eingriffen, wie im ersten Teil dargelegt, im Regelfall auf eine PAP verzichtet werden kann und sollte.
ObjectivesFlucloxacillin has the most narrow spectrum to treat staphylococcal infections, but has a large variability in bioavailability which hampers its intravenous (iv) to oral switch. To identify ...patients with adequate absorption, the use of an oral absorption test (OAT) measuring total plasma concentrations of flucloxacillin before and after an oral dose of 1 gram flucloxacillin, was previously published. The current pilot study aims to evaluate the fraction of patients with adequate absorption using a similar OAT; to assess the therapeutic consequences and to identify potential factors associated with adequate absorption.MethodsDemographic data of adult patients treated with iv flucloxacillin and requiring prolonged therapy were collected retrospectively between May 2020 and November 2021 at Ghent University Hospital. A previously published OAT protocol was used, with addition of a protocol for intermittent dosing of iv flucloxacillin. Adequate absorption was defined as an increase in plasma concentration of at least 10 mg/L.ResultsThe flucloxacillin OAT was performed in 99 patients, of which 62% were men, with a median age of 58 years and 95% received intermittent dosing of iv flucloxacillin. Of the 99 patients, 55% had a result indicating an adequate absorption and 49% of all patients were switched to oral flucloxacillin afterwards. Inadequate absorption was found to be associated with higher Body Mass Index and higher flucloxacillin baseline concentration, while co-administration of acetylsalicylic acid was associated with an adequate absorption.ConclusionsBased on the OAT, 49% of all patients were switched to oral flucloxacillin instead of broader-spectrum anti-staphylococcal antibiotics. This implicates that an OAT could be a valuable antimicrobial stewardship measure by restricting the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. For each of the associations found, a hypothesis was formulated about the underlying reason or mechanism; these should be confirmed in future studies with prospective and multicentric design.
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