•Apple Inc's financial success is often represented by point values and ratios that impact upon its stock price and market value.•The Apple business model value proposition is the product of both ...value creation and capture.•Apples financial transformation is precarious because value capture involves the displacement of costs to and margin capture from suppliers.•Apples financial transformation whilst commendable has only brought it back to levels comparable to its peers.
The topic of this paper is the Apple Inc business model and how, in a financialized world, the success of this business model is represented by what we term financial ‘point values’. Our argument is that there is a tendency to promote specific point valuation multiples as measures of success, but these values, by their nature, do not reveal the contingent and variable nature of the power relations exercised in and along global supply chains. Firms such as Apple exploit their resources and capabilities to ‘create value’ but also exercise power to recalibrate relationships with suppliers in the value chain to secure ‘value capture’ for financial transformation. Value capture is an active ingredient that can help inform our understanding of the fragility of the Apple business model value proposition and frame a critical argument regarding the precarious nature and sustainability of Apple's substantial profit margins.
Using an event study approach, we seek to estimate the value investors placed on Steve Jobs by investigating the stock market reactions to his death. In the three-day window surrounding his death, ...the estimated cumulative abnormal returns are −5.76%. Given the market capitalization of Apple at the time, it can be inferred that investors valued Steve Jobs at 20 billion dollars. While tragic, the news about Jobs' death is greeted favourably by Apple's competitors. The competitors appear to be convinced that, without Steve Jobs, they can compete with Apple better.
The European Commission found that Ireland gave Apple preferential tax treatment which amounted to $14.5 billion in unpaid taxes between 2003 and 2014. Due to Apple's tax havens in Ireland, they have ...taken advantage of U.S. and Irish tax regulations. However, the issue in controversy is whether there was, in fact, a special deal between Apple and Ireland, and whether the European Commission has the authority to make such claims. To answer this question, we explore the legal and ethical issues of using tax havens and how Apple's stakeholders are affected by Apple's complex organizational structure.
In this article I take a personal look at the progress of computer science as a discipline since the pioneering days when Derek Henderson and his peers created computer science programmes in ...universities around the world. I focus in particular on the activity of creating and manipulating software, and ask whether or not software engineering qualifies as an applied science. I know from personal experience that Henderson believed that use of the word "science" in the term "computer science" was warranted, and I will support this claim with some anecdotes. On the other hand, I conclude that we are failing at the important task of the dissemination of results from scientists to software engineers.
As a stylistic movement, Parametricism has the scope to move beyond the limits of architecture, penetrating adjacent disciplines. Renowned industrial designer Ross Lovegrove, known as ‘Captain ...Organic’ for his nature‐inspired designs, acknowledges the potential of ‘new codes of creation’ being incubated in architecture schools for product design, accelerating innovation across materials, structures and manufacturing technologies.
This paper looks at the symbolic meaning of Apple, Inc., and how the brand has become a living symbol in our consumer culture. Apple functions as a projection surface for values, ideas, and ...aspirations on the rise in the collective today. This paper explores how a psychological connection is created to Apple's products, revealing an underlying brand mythology that seems to offer magical transcendence through technology.
For most of us, paying taxes is an unavoidable but necessary civic duty. Yet for the modern corporation it has increasingly become a voluntary matter, with a prevailing sense that a corporation's ...duty lies in avoiding tax, in order to maximise returns for shareholders. Milton Friedman (1970) famously dismissed views about the moral obligation of business when he said the duty of business is business, and 'the social responsibility of business is to increase its profits'.
For most of us, paying taxes is an unavoidable but necessary civic duty. Yet for the modern corporation it has increasingly become a voluntary matter, with a prevailing sense that a corporation's ...duty lies in avoiding tax, in order to maximise returns for shareholders. Milton Friedman (1970) famously dismissed views about the moral obligation of business when he said the duty of business is business, and 'the social responsibility of business is to increase its profits'.
For most of us, paying taxes is an unavoidable but necessary civic duty. Yet for the modern corporation it has increasingly become a voluntary matter, with a prevailing sense that a corporation's ...duty lies in avoiding tax, in order to maximise returns for shareholders. Milton Friedman (1970) famously dismissed views about the moral obligation of business when he said the duty of business is business, and 'the social responsibility of business is to increase its profits'.
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