Objetivo: avaliar os recursos funcionais de catálogos de autoridades quanto à representação e à recuperação de nomes de pessoas, bem como a existência ou não de padrão na forma de descrição de nomes ...de pessoas nos catálogos analisados.Método: trata-se de estudo com abordagem qualitativa, de finalidade aplicada e método descritivo-exploratório, que é parte de um projeto de mestrado da área de Ciência da Informação. Os procedimentos metodológicos da pesquisa foram divididos em duas fases de execução. Na primeira fase da pesquisa, selecionaram-se nove bases de dados e catálogos de autoridades para análise estrutural e funcional global. Na segunda fase, selecionaram-se os catálogos de autoridades do Senado Federal, da Biblioteca Nacional do Brasil e o Virtual International Authority File para avaliação mais detalhada e comparativa, sobretudo em relação à forma de representação e aos recursos de recuperação de nomes de pessoas.Conclusões: os três catálogos de autoridades avaliados na segunda fase do estudo não apresentam inconsistências significativas relacionadas ao controle de autoridades de nomes de pessoas, tal como ocorre nas outras bases de dados analisadas na primeira fase.Resultados: o estudo contribui para o desenvolvimento e aperfeiçoamento de requisitos técnicos em catálogos de autoridades institucionais ou, ainda, para aqueles usuários que precisam utilizar os catálogos analisados neste estudo como fonte de informação, pois apresenta os recursos de busca e recuperação da informação disponíveis e suas funcionalidades práticas, bem como as inconsistências causadas pela falta desses recursos.
Negotiations over professional boundaries are often contests about controlling technical expertise and authority. Less is known about the role of moral judgments in such contests because well-trained ...professionals often silence their moral commitments or engage moral debates outside the boundaries of their profession. Drawing on an ethnographic study of a science laboratory at the forefront of moral controversy, this article shows how professionals manage moral challenges by reconfiguring their conventional domain of expert authority to include moral as well as technical expertise. Scientists drew on their plural moral views to develop, apply, and mobilize abstract knowledge about morals as resources to claim authority in debates over the moral definition of their work. Collective learning and collaboration ensured the cohesion of the professional community throughout the process of developing authority despite continued moral pluralism. By unpacking one mechanism for the pursuit of moral authority, the study elaborates our understanding of the moral foundations of professionalism and of the emergence of morally complex work activities.
Facing Authority Fossen, Thomas
2024, 2023-11-15, 2023, 2023-10-10
eBook
Odprti dostop
When your friends call on you to take to the streets and demand the fall of the regime, this presses a practical predicament that we all address, often implicitly, in our everyday lives: Is this ...regime legitimate? Facing Authority investigates the ways in which this question of legitimacy can be addressed in theory and practice, in the face of disagreement and uncertainty. Instead of asking, “What makes authorities legitimate?” in the abstract, it examines how the question of legitimacy manifests itself in practice. How can we distinguish whether a regime is legitimate, or merely purports to be so? And what does it mean to do this well? Facing Authority proposes that judging legitimacy is not a matter of applying moral knowledge, provided by political philosophy, but of engaging in various forms of political contestation—contestation over the representation of power (what is the nature of the regime?), collective selfhood (who am I, and who are we?), and the meaning of events (what happened here—a coup, or a revolution?). These questions constitute the heart of the question of legitimacy, but thus far they have been neglected by theorists of legitimacy. This book offers a new way of thinking about political legitimacy and practical judgment, interweaving philosophical analyses of key concepts (including representation, identity, and temporality) with concrete examples of struggles for legitimacy, from the German Autumn to the Arab Spring. The result is a pragmatist alternative to predominant moralist and realist approaches to legitimacy in political philosophy.
Platform ecosystems have spurred new products and services, sparked innovation, and improved economic efficiency in various industries and technology sectors. A distinctive feature of the platform ...architecture is its modular and interdependent system of core and complementary components bound together by design rules and an overarching value proposition. Accordingly, we conceptualize platforms as meta-organizations, or “organizations of organizations” that are less formal and less hierarchical structures than firms, and yet more closely coupled than traditional markets. To function successfully, however, platforms require coordination among multiple participants not all of whose interests are aligned. These organizational features of platforms raise many interesting and complex strategic challenges and hold implications for how platforms compete. In this paper, we discuss some of the most salient features of platform ecosystems as meta-organizations, specifically in terms of the sources of authority or power in the ecosystem, the motivation and incentives a platform creates to attract participants, and its governance and coordination structures. We then consider how papers appearing in this special issue inform us about the effects of these features on platform competition along three distinct dimensions: (a) with traditional incumbents as platforms enter and establish themselves in new markets, (b) with other platforms to secure an advantageous market position, and (c) with the different participants on the platform to share the value that has been created jointly. We close by identifying some promising directions for future research. Managerial summary Platform ecosystems have spurred new products and services, sparked innovation, and improved economic efficiency in various industries and technology sectors. A distinctive feature of the platform architecture is its modular and interdependent system of core and complementary components bound together by design rules and an overarching value proposition. This makes platform ecosystems an organizational form on its own (a “meta-organization”), neither possessing the hierarchical instruments of a firm, nor the largely uncoordinated decisionmaking of markets. Successful platform ecosystems require coordination among multiple participants with possibly conflicting interests. We discuss some of the most salient features of platform ecosystems as meta-organizations, specifically in terms of the sources of authority or power in the ecosystem, the motivation and incentives a platform creates to attract participants, and its governance and coordination structures. These features affect how platform ecosystems compete: i) with a traditional incumbent, ii) with other platform ecosystems, and iii) between different participants of the same platform ecosystem. The articles published in this special issue speak to different aspects of platform competition from the perspective of organization design.
The implementation of elections in Indonesia has its own characteristics, where the regulation of the implementation of these simultaneous elections is set to be one in Law No. 7 of 2017 on General ...Elections. In addition, this Act also gives the Electoral Observer quasi-judicial authority in the process of dealing with administrative and arbitrary violations of the Electoral Process, with sanctions granted through an Electoral Observer Decision. It attracted the authors to research the electoral supervisory authorities experiencing enlargement and loading and to see the implications of quasi-judicial authority granted through several case analyses. This study aims to analyze the issues following (a) the form of authority enhancement given to Bawaslu and (b) the implementation of Bawaslu's authority in its effort to handle election violations and resolve election disputes in Lampung Province according to Law No. 7 Year 2017 regarding the General Election. The method used in this research is a normative-empirical law study. Data sources of this research are primary, secondary and tertiary law objects using qualitative analysis methods. The result obtained from this research shows enhancement of the election supervisor's authority in the areas of: First, handling process of criminal election violation; Second, the handling of election organizers' ethical code violation; Third, the handling of election administration violation; Fourth, election dispute settlement mechanism. The enhancement of Bawaslu's authority process is a characteristic that is a given quasi-judicial in handling administrative violations and election process disputes that can be seen in 4 (four) election regimes.
Seeing Europe like a state McNamara, Kathleen R.; Kelemen, R. Daniel
Journal of European public policy,
12/2022, Letnik:
29, Številka:
12
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In writing 'State-building and the European Union' we hoped to open up a conversation. We are gratified at how the thoughtful contributions of the Debate Section participants usefully push the debate ...forward. We stress that our story of state-building and the EU is about contingent causal processes within specific cases, not universal laws. This allows for a series of rich research questions, posed by the participants, around how different types of security threats may play out in the EU, interacting with other political logics. It thus fully demonstrates how scholarly understanding of the EU is enhanced by historical comparison with state-building, illuminating similarities and differences to earlier episodes of political consolidation. Approaching the EU through the lens of state-building not only holds benefits for EU studies, but also for the study of state-building itself in incorporating novel processes of the construction of political authority in the twenty-first century.
The Constitutional Court’s Decision number 68/PUU-XX/2022 has sparked substantial debate among various societal factions. The controversy stems from the interpretation that the ruling potentially ...enables ministers to misuse their authority and exploit state resources for electoral advantages while running for President or Vice President, without necessitating resignation from their current position. This study seeks to discern the ramifications of the Constitutional Court's decision number 68/PUU-XX/2022 on the roles and authorities of ministers within a presidential government structure, and to scrutinize the decision from an Islamic law/siyasah perspective. This investigation adopts a descriptive qualitative approach, grounded in library research. The normative juridical methodology is employed, focusing on decision number 68/PUU-XX/2022. The study concludes that within the context of siyasah sharia, the decision could compel the nation’s leader (the President) to promulgate legal regulations that violate the principle of fairness between high-ranking and ordinary officials. However, the President risks being deemed unconstitutional if derivative regulations stemming from the decision are not enacted. Power abuse by state officials (ministers), partly driven by conflict of interest, is a critical concern. From the perspective of Islamic law/siyasah, the decision’s implications could potentially harm society and the government.
This study examines the role of central counterparty clearing houses (CCPs) in the over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives market. To achieve this goal, this paper introduces the notion of infrastructural ...authority. The notion of infrastructure, borrowed from Science and Technology Studies, is employed to locate a form of private authority stemming from how power and legitimacy are exercised by enabling the performance of specific functions in financial markets. As OTC derivatives had become widely discredited after the crisis, regulators had come under strong pressure to reform what had grown to be a systematically important segment of the global financial system. G20 leaders thus responded in 2009 by pledging to make the central clearing of standardized OTC derivatives mandatory to improve financial stability. Therefore, this study argues that the infrastructural authority of CCPs is politically contingent, originating from the statutory requirement of mandatory clearing in the OTC market. However, by reviewing specific moments in financial history, this study concludes that the infrastructural authority of CCPs may actually destabilize financial markets, undermining the G20's original intent to strengthen systemic stability. More generally, the research conducted in this study provides evidence of the changing nature of authority in financial markets following the 2007-2008 financial crisis.
The present research investigated how scientific authority increases the lethal use of animals in biomedical experimentation. In two behavioral studies (N = 151 and 150), participants were required ...to incrementally administer 12 doses of a toxic chemical to a 53-cm fish (in reality, a biomimetic robot) for research on animal learning. Consistent with the Engaged Followership Theory on obedience, participants placed in a pro-scientific mindset more severely harmed the laboratory animal. In a cross-sectional study (N = 351), participants in medical fields endorsed a more pro-scientific attitude than those in paramedical fields, which mediated their support for animal experimentation. Drawing on a representative European sample (N = 31,238), we also confirmed the specificity of this link by controlling for potential demographic and ideological confounds. In a final study (N = 1,598), instrumental harm was shown as mediating the link between a pro-scientific attitude and support for animal experimentation.
The regulation of military applications of artificial intelligence (AI) is a growing concern. The article investigates how the EU as a multi-level system aims at regulating military AI based on ...epistemic authority. It suggests that the EU acts as a rule-maker and a rule-taker of military AI predicated on constructing private, corporate actors as experts. As a rule-maker, the EU has set up expert panels such as the Global Tech Panel to inform its initiatives, thereby inviting corporate actors to become part of its decision-making process through the front-door. But the EU is also a rule-taker in that its approach to regulating on military AI is shaped through the backdoor by how corporate actors design AI technologies. These observations signal an emerging hybrid regulatory security state based on 'liquid' forms of epistemic authority that empowers corporate actors but also denotes a complex mix of formal political and informal expert authority.
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