We develop scholarship on status in international politics by focusing on the social dimension of small and middle power status politics. This vantage opens a new window on the widely-discussed ...strategies social actors may use to maintain and enhance their status, showing how social creativity, mobility, and competition can all be system-supporting under some conditions. We extract lessons for other thorny issues in status research, notably questions concerning when, if ever, status is a good in itself; whether it must be a positional good; and how states measure it.
This article discusses the impact of conflict on the shifting of religious authority in Aceh. It aims to complement the limitation of current studies, which emphasize conflict as a struggle for ...natural resources, a means for regional identity, and an effort to develop central-regional power relations. However, the conflict also generates the shift of religious authority, in particular, from modernist Islam to traditional Islam. Data were collected from literature and other related secondary sources. This study found that religious contestations, between the modernist and the traditional Islam groups, have begun in the early 20th century. It used to be a space for religious discourse; hence, it turned into a protracted social and armed conflict. It began with a social revolution, which led the modernist scholars in charge. Nevertheless, the involvement of the modernist ulama in the Darul Islam rebellion affected their influence. The shift in authority began to emerge by the raising of the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) rebellion. During post-Darul Islam, traditional ulama occupied rural communities, and they confronted the GAM in society, as they were involved in bureaucracy. The modernist Islam groups strengthen their position in bureaucracy or seek input from other modernist Islam groups.
This article brings to the fore the work of the Public Pedagogies Institute, a not-for-profit organisation, as an enactment of the public realm. This Institute stands within a lineage of education ...beyond formal sites of learning such as the Raphael Samuel History Centre and, prior to
this, Mechanics Institutes. In each of these instances these educational sites either challenge or depart entirely from knowledge generated in authorised or elite institutions. The continuation of instances where education can occur beyond sites of formal education is becoming increasingly
critical in a challenge to what and whose knowledge is considered of value. One of the central questions this article attends to is how knowledge that circulates outside of the academy, such as that which occurs within the Public Pedagogies Institute, can be recognised. An analysis of the
Institute as a site for knowledge formation is undertaken through the ideas of Hannah Arendt, specifically her concept of the public realm, to critically examine the possibilities for knowledge. For Arendt, her concept of the public realm is a space where the revelation of who we are engenders
the possibility of new beginnings. The significance of undertaking such an analysis through the work of Arendt is to foreground how iterations of the public can be recognised as sites of education.
•To compare the effects of centralized and decentralized environmental governance.•To provide a solution to achieve a dual goal: economic growth along with environmental improvement.•To construct a ...two-level model to investigate the interaction among the central government, local governments, and local firms.•To examine the effects of information superiority of the central government in relation to the local governments on distribution of authority.•To propose a hybrid model to help cushion firms against high agency costs and local government–firm collusion.
How to balance the central government and local governments’ political authority relating to environmental governance has long been a topic of intense debate in China. Since both environmental and economic regulations are regulatory tools of governments, political authority and systems must be considered in deciding to what extent to empower local governments. Central government needs to find a tradeoff point when being placed under the dual pressure of environmental protection and maintaining the economic growth rate. Based on a two-level principal–agent model, our research compares the effects of centralized and decentralized governance on the efficiency of environmental regulation. Our results suggest that under decentralized environmental governance, the local governments’ incentives increase, which results in either “race to the top” or “race to the bottom” competition in environmental regulation. Moreover, such governance prompts local governments to reduce their investment in economic development and environmental protection. However, decentralization in environmental governance will become more beneficial to the central government if the benefits of reducing information asymmetry surpass enhanced agency costs; otherwise, centralized environmental governance is preferred. Our research proposes a hybrid model of centralized and decentralized environmental governance to help cushion firms against high agency costs and local government–firm collusion.
The article examines in their context the discursive strategies used by the Italian Prime Minister (PM) Giuseppe Conte in his first speeches on Covid-19 to discursively build his legitimacy and his ...authority, while shedding light on the interdependence of the two concepts. A study of media interdiscourse reveals the constitutive character of the dialogical relationship between the speeches of the PM and the reactions in the press. The analysis shows that Conte's strategies for constructing legitimacy and authority evolve together in response to the counter-discourse of the media.
The link between organizational structure and innovation has been a longstanding interest of organizational scholars, yet the exact nature of the relationship has not been clearly established. ...Drawing on the behavioral theory of the firm, we take a process view and examine how hierarchy of authority—a fundamental element of organizational structure reflecting degree of managerial oversight—differentially influences behavior and performance in the idea generation versus idea selection phases of the innovation process. Using a multimethod approach that includes a field study and a lab experiment, we find that hierarchy of authority is detrimental to the idea generation phase of innovation, but that hierarchy can be beneficial during the screening or selection phase of innovation. We also identify a behavioral mechanism underlying the effect of hierarchy of authority on selection performance and propose that selection is a critical organizational capability that can be strategically developed and managed through organizational design. Our investigation helps clarify the theoretical relationship between structure and innovation performance and demonstrates the behavioral and economic consequences of organizational design choice.
The online appendix is available at
https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2017.1142
.
Chiefs in the City Tieleman, Joris; Uitermark, Justus
Sociology,
08/2019, Letnik:
53, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
While forms of authority that descend from social or cultural tradition are commonly understood as archaic, traditional authorities often survive and occasionally even thrive during the formation of ...modern states. Chieftaincies do not only endure in the Ghanaian countryside but also proliferate in new neighbourhoods on the peripheries of Ghana’s fast-growing cities. We develop an explanation for the endurance of traditional authorities, based on extensive fieldwork in one recently developed neighbourhood in a previously uninhabited part of Greater Accra, where we conducted interviews and analysed documents from the archives of the chief’s Divisional Council. We show that the formation of a modern state has restricted the chiefs’ discretion as sovereigns but afforded them greater power as managers of the land and gatekeepers of the state bureaucracy. Traditional authority is not overwritten but rather refined, transformed and stabilized in the process of state formation.
ANZCA special issue: Editorial Shin, Wonsun; Davis, Mark
Communication research and practice,
04/03/2022, 2022-04-03, Letnik:
8, Številka:
2
Journal Article
PDF
