People have been digging in the ground for useful minerals for thousands of years. Mineral materials are the foundation of modern industrial society. As the global population grows and standards of ...living in emerging and developing countries rises, the demand for mineral products is increasing. Mining ensures that we have an adequate supply of the raw materials to produce all the components of modern life, and at competitive prices. Innovation is central to meeting the diverse challenges faced by the mining industry. It is critical for developing techniques for finding new deposits of minerals, enabling us to recover increasing amounts of minerals from the ground in a cost-effective manner, and ensuring it this is done in a way that is as environmentally responsible. This book provides the first in-depth global analysis of the innovation ecosystem in the mining sector. This book is Open Access.
Social License and Dispute Resolution in the Extractive Industries is a broad collection offering insights from both renowned academics and practitioners on the intersection of international dispute ...resolution and the social license to operate in the extractive industries.
Asteroid mining is set to be one of the most lucrative industries of the near future. With mineral value that dwarfs resources found on Earth, the race to locate and mine these precious minerals will ...soon begin in earnest. However, asteroid mining raises numerous legal questions, including how to create contracts for private mining companies to exploit the asteroids. Standard mining contracts provide a foundation for earthbound contracts, while mining in extreme environments such as Antarctica and the seabed provides further structure upon which parties interested in asteroid mining can begin building new contracts. These earthbound contracts also serve as a laboratory for international regulation, cooperation, and oversight. The added challenge of existing outer space treaties, some of which are unratified by space-faring nations for fear of loss of sovereignty create a complicated path towards creating an empowered international agency that may oversee asteroid mining contracts. For asteroid mining to become a successful and regulated industry, the space-faring nations of the world must take existing international treaties and form an agency with power to arbitrate and regulate or risk the asteroid belt becoming a new gold rush where nations and private corporations claim asteroids and the riches that they contain at great risk to equipment, investments and life.
Mining sector in Kosovo is of crucial importance for the economic development of the country. Since 1999, it has been considered as one of the main areas that would attract foreign investments and ...thus improve the economy of a young country emerging from the conflict of 1998–1999. Kosovo has in place legal and institutional framework for mining sector since 2005 but still the functionality and effectiveness remains questionable. The complex nature of the mining sector consequently involves many different laws and institutions followed by few challenges in this sector since 1999. The purpose of this paper is to outline the existing legal and institutional framework of the mining sector, focusing on the challenges involving both gaps in legislation and the implementation. The paper aims to conclude that legislative changes and improvements may be required to enable more efficient functioning of the mining sector which would have a positive impact in the attraction of foreign investments.
The reference work on federal mining law contains a comprehensive presentation of the entire law of mining currently applicable in Germany. It combines thorough research with clearly presented ...statements and provides an excellent overview of all issues related to mining law. This work is of equal relevance to the legal practice, case law and scientific study. The revised edition brings this work up to date.
Das Standardwerk zum Bundesberggesetz enthält die aktuellste und umfassendste Darstellung und Kommentierung des gesamten in Deutschland geltenden Bergrechts einschließlich der UVP-V Bergbau, der ...bergrechtlichen Vorschriften des Einigungsvertrages und der bergbaurelevanten außerberggesetzlichen Rechtsvorschriften. Es verbindet Gründlichkeit mit gedanklicher Klarheit und bietet einen hervorragenden Überblick über alle bergrechtlichen Probleme. Das Werk ist für Praxis, Rechtsprechung und Wissenschaft gleichermaßen von Bedeutung. Bergwerksbetriebe, Verwaltungen, Behörden, Hochschulinstitute und Industrie profitieren von diesem Werk. Die Neuauflage bringt das Werk auf den aktuellsten Stand. Verzeichnis der Bearbeiter Peter Franke, Vizepräsident der Bundesnetzagentur, Bonn; Dr. Dominik Greinacher, Rechtsanwalt und Partner, Beiten Burkhardt, Rechtsanwaltgesellschaft mbH, Berlin; Dr. Fritz von Hammerstein, Rechtsanwalt und Partner, CMS Hasche Sigle, Hamburg; Martin Herrmann, Abteilungsleiter, Sächsisches Oberbergamt, Freiberg; Dr. Bettina Keienburg, Rechtsanwältin und Notarin, Kümmerlein, Rechtsanwälte & Notare, Essen, Lehrbeauftragte der RWTH Aachen; Dr. Gunther Kühne, LL.M. (Columbia University), em. Professor und ehem. Direktor des Instituts für deutsches und internationales Berg- und Energierecht der TU Clausthal (1978-2007), Honorarprofessor an der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Dr. Thomas Mann, Professor, Lehrstuhl für Öffentliches Recht, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Mitglied im Forschungsbereich "Energierecht" des Energie-Forschungszentrums Niedersachsen (EFZN) in Goslar; Hans-Ulrich von Mäßenhausen, Rechtsanwalt, Bonn, ehem. Mitglied der Hauptgeschäftsführung der Vereinigung Rohstoffe und Bergbau e.V.; Wolfgang Schubert, Rechtsanwalt, Bochum, ehem. Mitglied der Rechtsabteilung der RAG Aktiengesellschaft.
► We model a multinational corporation and a host country sharing profits from natural resource extraction. ► We examine the impact of market uncertainty and threat of nationalization on foreign ...direct investment. ► The threat of nationalization has no impact on the investment timing but reduces the bargaining solution set. ► To induce investment, profit distribution must trade off the chance of nationalization with the share paid to the investor. ► The optimal sharing rule results from the way the parties differently trade off rents with option values.
A multinational corporation engages in foreign direct investment for the extraction of a natural resource in a developing country. The corporation bears the initial investment and earns as a return a share of the profits. The host country provides access and guarantees conditions of operation. Since the investment is totally sunk, the corporation must account in its plan not only for uncertainty in market conditions but also for the threat of nationalization. In a real options framework, where the government holds an American call option on nationalization, we show under which conditions a Nash bargaining leads to a profit distribution maximizing the joint venture surplus. We find that the threat of nationalization does not affect the investment threshold but only the Nash bargaining solution set. Finally, we show that the optimal sharing rule results from the way the two parties may differently trade off rents with option values.
Fortsetzung und Schluss des in JZ 2016, 666 begonnenen Berichts, der die wichtigsten Urteile zum deutschen und europäischen Umweltrecht aus den Jahren 2014 und 2015 referiert, einordnet und bewertet.
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