Global shipping facilitates the introduction of invasive species and parasites via ballast water and hull fouling. Regional management of invasives may be strengthened by identifying the major routes ...in a network, to allow for targeted ship inspections. This study used cargo shipping records to establish the connectivity of shipping routes between ports in Ireland and other nations. 9291 records were analysed, investigating vessel residence and journey times. On average, vessels spent up to five days in port and less than five days at sea. However, there was strong variation, with general cargo ships recording up to 13 days in port. A horizon scan for species likely to invade in Ireland was incorporated for five species and their associated parasites: American razor clam, Asian shore crab, Brush clawed shore crab, Chinese mitten crab and American slipper limpet. Routes of concern are highlighted and a general framework for effective management is outlined.
•Shipping can facilitate the introduction of invasive species via ballast water and hull fouling.•Regional management and biosecurity can be strengthened by conducting targeted ship inspections.•Inspections may be prioritised by enumerating connections to ports with confirmed invasives.•Horizon scanning exercises may be also conducted to forecast the most likely invasive species.•Secondary spread may be assessed by identifying the connectivity of ports within a region.
Manufacturing productivity is inextricably linked to air freight handling for the global delivery of finished and semi-finished goods. In this article, our focus is to capture the transport risk ...associated with air freight which is the difference between the actual and the planned time of arrival of a shipment. To mitigate the time-related uncertainties, it is essential to predict the delays with adequate precision. Initially, data from a case study in the transportation and logistics sector were pre-processed and divided into categories based on the duration of the delays in various legs. Existing datasets are transformed into a series of features, followed by extracting important features using a decision tree-based algorithm. To predict the delay with maximum accuracy, we used an improved hybrid ensemble learning-based prediction model with bagging and stacking enabled by characteristics like time, flight schedule, and transport legs. We also calculated the dependency of accuracy on the point in time during business process execution is examined while predicting. Our results show all predictive methods consistently have a precision of at least 70 per cent, provided a lead-time of half the duration of the process. Consistently, the proposed model provides strategic and sustainable insights to decision-makers for cargo handling.
Introduction
Completing urban freight deliveries is increasingly a challenge in congested urban areas, particularly when delivery trucks are required to meet time windows. Depending on the route ...characteristics, Electric Assist (EA) cargo bicycles may serve as an economically viable alternative to delivery trucks. The purpose of this paper is to compare the delivery route cost trade-offs between box delivery trucks and EA cargo bicycles that have the same route and delivery characteristics, and to explore the question, under what conditions do EA cargo bikes perform at a lower cost than typical delivery trucks?
Methods
The independent variables, constant variables, and assumptions used for the cost function comparison model were gathered through data collection and a literature review. A delivery route in Seattle was observed and used as the base case; the same route was then modelled using EA cargo bicycles.
Four separate delivery scenarios were modeled to evaluate how the following independent route characteristics would impact delivery route cost - distance between a distribution center (DC) and a neighborhood, number of stops, distance between each stop, and number of parcels per stop.
Results
The analysis shows that three of the four modeled route characteristics affect the cost trade-offs between delivery trucks and EA cargo bikes. EA cargo bikes are more cost effective than delivery trucks for deliveries in close proximity to the DC (less than 2 miles for the observed delivery route with 50 parcels per stop and less than 6 miles for the hypothetical delivery route with 10 parcels per stop) and at which there is a high density of residential units and low delivery volumes per stop.
Conclusion
Delivery trucks are more cost effective for greater distances from the DC and for large volume deliveries to one stop.
An efficient cargo logistics service for vessels anchored offshore becomes imperative to meet the increasing demand of transporting dry bulk cargoes and overcome insufficient infrastructural ...resources of ports. Offshore cargo handling service providers propose a fleet of offshore floating terminals (OFTs) performing the cargo handling service directly nearby anchorages at sea. This approach reduces the time and the usage of resources compared with relying on ports. In this paper, we develop a scheduling mathematical model for the fleet of OFTs to improve the operating efficiency in serving cargo vessels and their barges. This study proposes the model with various objective functions that can be used for a service provider depending on its goals and customer satisfaction policies. This study introduces real-world considerations inspired by an offshore service provider in Singapore and addresses complicated combinations of practical requirement owing to cargo/vessel/operation attributes, maintenance periods, and operating cost components in development of an optimization model via mixed-integer linear programming. An efficient genetic algorithm is also developed to solve the model with finding near-optimal effective solutions. Through examining a large set of real data provided by the service provider, the proposed genetic algorithm shows a high effectiveness in terms of solution quality and computational time.
The paper presents a method and results of experimental testing of the stability of palletized cargo wrapped in stretch film in laboratory conditions and methods and parameterization of its ...application for proper cargo securing. Reduction of stretch film consumption is also significant for sustainable transport. It will contribute to the minimization of costs on a micro-scale (manufacturers and shippers) and a macro scale-a significant reduction in pollution of the environment and gas emissions by reducing stretch film production. The experiments have been performed following the requirements of EUMOS 40509 and 40511 standards. The proposed method of testing the stability of palletized cargo is based on tests performed on a laboratory test bench using FEF-200 sensors. The results of conducted experiments demonstrated that the selection of a proper stretch film and a cargo wrapping model could significantly reduce the risk of cargo damage through increasing cargo stabilizing forces and, at the same time, reducing stretch film consumption. The developed method can significantly reduce the cost of securing and concurrently assure required cargo security. This directly impacts the safety of all participants in the transport process in supply chains.
Risk analysis is of paramount importance in maritime transportation due to the nature of work. The IMO (International Maritime Organization) adopted FSA (Formal Safety Assessment) as guidance to ...address risk analysis on-board ship. However, it does not suggest a specific approach on how to assess the risks. Therefore, safety researchers are seeking robust risk analysis approaches in maritime transportation. This paper performs comprehensive risk analysis by using bow-tie method within a fuzzy logic environment. While the bow-tie method is analysing potential causes and consequences of failures, the fuzzy logic deals with vagueness and imprecision of expert judgements. The case of cargo liquefaction on-board ship is selected as a case study since the consequences of cargo liquefaction are extremely dangerous for crew, ship and environment. Besides its theoretical insight, the paper supports maritime professionals to enhance safety awareness about the cargo liquefaction phenomenon.
Beyond Autophagy: The Expanding Roles of ATG8 Proteins Nieto-Torres, Jose L.; Leidal, Andrew M.; Debnath, Jayanta ...
Trends in biochemical sciences (Amsterdam. Regular ed.),
08/2021, Letnik:
46, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The ATG8 family proteins are critical players in autophagy, a cytoprotective process that mediates degradation of cytosolic cargo. During autophagy, ATG8s conjugate to autophagosome membranes to ...facilitate cargo recruitment, autophagosome biogenesis, transport, and fusion with lysosomes, for cargo degradation. In addition to these canonical functions, recent reports demonstrate that ATG8s are also delivered to single-membrane organelles, which leads to highly divergent degradative or secretory fates, vesicle maturation, and cargo specification. The association of ATG8s with different vesicles involves complex regulatory mechanisms still to be fully elucidated. Whether individual ATG8 family members play unique canonical or non-canonical roles, also remains unclear. This review summarizes the many open molecular questions regarding ATG8s that are only beginning to be unraveled.
Macroautophagy is a conserved cytoprotective process, that facilitates the degradation of damaged or unwanted cellular components and pathogens, collectively termed cargo.ATG8 proteins play key functions during macroautophagy, upon conjugation to double-membrane vesicles, termed autophagosomes, which sequester cargo for lysosomal degradation.In addition to their canonical functions in macroautophagy, ATG8s also function in non-canonical pathways that do not involve autophagosome formation, and in such cases, ATG8s can be targeted to single-membrane vesicles with roles in divergent processes including cargo degradation and secretion.The canonical and non-canonical functions of ATG8 proteins are regulated, at least in part, by the autophagy conjugation machinery, and possibly the unique interactome that ATG8s have at distinct cellular locations.
In this paper, we introduce a new large-scale dataset of ships, called SeaShips, which is designed for training and evaluating ship object detection algorithms. The dataset currently consists of 31 ...455 images and covers six common ship types (ore carrier, bulk cargo carrier, general cargo ship, container ship, fishing boat, and passenger ship). All of the images are from about 10 080 real-world video segments, which are acquired by the monitoring cameras in a deployed coastline video surveillance system. They are carefully selected to mostly cover all possible imaging variations, for example, different scales, hull parts, illumination, viewpoints, backgrounds, and occlusions. All images are annotated with ship-type labels and high-precision bounding boxes. Based on the SeaShips dataset, we present the performance of three detectors as a baseline to do the following: 1) elementarily summarize the difficulties of the dataset for ship detection; 2) show detection results for researchers using the dataset; and 3) make a comparison to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the baseline algorithms. In practice, the SeaShips dataset would hopefully advance research and applications on ship detection.
PDF
