Out of 154 crossbred cows, 80 cows (51.94 percent) exhibited peri-parturient disorders of which clinical and sub-clinical diseases were recorded in 40.00 and 18.75 percent, respectively while 41.25 ...percent of cows had both clinical and sub-clinical diseases. The frequently observed clinical conditions in transition cows were retention of placenta (10.39 percent), mastitis and dystocia (6.49 percent) and in sub-clinical conditions, hypocalcemia (30.51 percent) was predominant. The mean serum calcium values (mg/dL) significantly reduced in cows with clinical/sub-clinical diseases during transition period. The serum BHBA values in affected cows were increased ranging from 0.11 m mol/L to 7.60 m mol/L. Keywords: BHBA; calcium; transition cow
The present study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of plant herbs and herbal formulation in post-partum true anestrous graded Murrah buffalos (n=30). Group I (n=10) buffaloes were fed with ...regular requirement of green fodder supplemented with Curry leaves (Murraya koenigii) and Drumstick leaves (Moringa oleifera). While, Group II buffaloes were treated with herbal formulation (3 capsules orally for two consecutive days) and repeated after 10 days on the 11th () and 12t (h) day, whereas Group III (n=10) buffaloes were kept as untreated controls. Overall estrus induction and conception rate was found to be higher in Group I buffaloes as compared to other groups. It was concluded from the present study that supplementation of Curry leaves (Murraya koenigii) and Drumstick leaves (Moringa oleifera) in true anestrous buffaloes resulted in higher estrus induction and conception rate. Keywords: Anestrous; buffalo; Moringa oleifera; Murraya koenigii
A Jersey bull calf was presented with history of swelling at the umbilical region since birth and urine dribbling from umbilicus besides from external urethral orifice without any systemic infection. ...The condition was diagnosed as congenital pervious urachus and corrected surgically under ring block. The calf showed normal urination from urethral orifice and uneventful recovery after surgery. Keywords: Calf; correction; omphalitis; pervious urachus; surgery
A cow was presented with eight months pregnancy and inability to stand since last three days. Feed intake was normal, rectal temperature was within normal range, urination and defecation were also ...normal. On clinical examination, cow was highly dehydrated but slightly active and alert. The cow was in sternal recumbency and made several attempt to rise up but could not bear its body weight. The combined use of therapeutic and physiotherapy assisted in recovery of downer cow. Keywords: Cow; downer syndrome; recumbency; sternal
Introduction: Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most widespread zoonosis of veterinary and medical importance still constituting a sanitary, economic and socio-cultural problem in Italy. ...Methodology: The aim of this study was to update epidemiological data on cattle CE in Italy. Data on CE positivity of 5,336 cattle were acquired from abattoir registers between January 2009 and July 2010. Morphobiological characterization of hydatids was performed by direct examination of liver and lungs of 1,664 animals butchered in the same slaughterhouses in 2010. Strain typing of parasites was carried out through the amplification and sequencing of nd1 and cox1 mitochondrial genes. Results: Overall CE prevalence was of 8.1% (430/5,336). Parasitological examination of hydatids showed an overall prevalence of 8.6% with a fertility rate of 0.7% (12/1,664). Regarding localization, hydatids were found in 8% of the livers and in 7.6% of the lungs, respectively. Among positive animals, higher prevalence was observed in the liver (93%) compared to lungs (88.1%) (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The economic loss due to organs condemnation related to CE in cattle amounted to almost € 24,000 per year in the examined abattoir during 2010. Sequence analysis showed the presence of G1 (sheep strain) or Echinococcus granulosus sensu strictu in all examined samples. The G1 confirmed, once more, its possible development into several intermediate hosts such as cattle, especially in areas like southern Italy and Sardinia where the lifecycle of the parasite is still to date carried on by sheep and dogs.
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•Innate and humoral immune parameters varied among Neospora caninum experimentally infected dams, colostrum and offspring.•BMAP28 was expressed in colostrum and peripheral blood ...mononuclear cells and umbilical cord from infected calves.•TLR7 and IL-10 expression levels were observed in umbilical cord from infected calves.•IgG1/IgG2 ratios and avidity IgG values changed after colostrum intake.
Neospora caninum is a leading cause of abortion in cattle worldwide. The study of the immune response against N. caninum is critical to understand its epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and, ultimately, in preventing and controlling bovine neosporosis. Herein, we determined the gene expression of innate immune components endosomal RNA-sensing TLRs, BMAP28 cathelicidin, TNF-α and IL-10 and characterized the variation in both IgG ratio and avidity at delivery in N. caninum-infected heifers challenged at day 210 of gestation, colostrum and their calves.
Increased BMAP28 expression was observed not only in colostrum but also in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and umbilical cord of calves from N. caninum-infected heifers in comparison with mock-infected control group. In addition, statistically significant decrease of TLR7 and IL-10 expression levels were observed in umbilical cord, suggesting an attempt to avoid an exacerbated immune response against the parasite. At delivery, serum and colostrum samples from infected group evidenced specific IgG anti-N. caninum. Infected heifers showed IgG1/IgG2 ratios <1 and high avidity specific IgG. As expected, colostrum samples of these animals exhibited a high IgG1 concentration and elevated avidity values. Three out of four calves from N. caninum-infected heifers had specific IgG with IgG1/IgG2 ratios>1 and lower avidity values before colostrum intake. Interestingly, both IgG1/IgG2 ratios and avidity values increased in seropositive calves after colostrum intake. Overall, this study provides novel information on neonatal immunity in congenitally infected calves, which is essential to understand how the immune pathways could be manipulated or immune components could be employed in order to improve protection against neosporosis.
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