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Only few bird species from Western Europe migrate eastward to wintering areas in South Asia, and little is known about this migratory flyway. The Common Rosefinch has in the past century expanded its ...breeding range westward to include Western Europe and migrate along this flyway to wintering sites in South Asia. This is the first study describing the migration routes of Common Rosefinches between Europe and Asia in detail, revealed by light level geolocators. The rosefinches showed loop-migration with more northerly routes in autumn than in spring, possibly in order to shorten the flight over the Central Asian deserts, which are very inhospitable at this time of the year. In spring the deserts are less dry and richer in vegetation, which may have supported the more southerly routes. During autumn migration the birds used several staging sites in Central Asia for prolonged periods. Although the birds passed over mountain regions at this time, which potentially act as barriers to them, the length of the stops seem unrealistically long for only fuel deposition. Instead, this suggests that the birds temporarily suspended migration to take advantage of abundant and predictable food sources in this region. During spring migration the birds made a few longer stops while still in north India or Central Asia, before migrating at fast speeds towards the breeding grounds. The birds covered 4–5000 km with only very short stopovers and thus most of the fuel used on spring migration must have been accumulated in Asia. Our results thus indicate that Central Asia, and north India, are important staging areas for this species in both autumn and spring. During winter, birds used two sites located several hundred kilometres apart, and relocation was probably a response to local food availability.
The ringing data on Common Rosefinch obtained during thirteen field seasons (2002–2014) at the National Park “Russky Sever” (Vologda region) are analyzed. Birds were trapped in two sites 59 km apart. ...The age of the birds (yearlings or first breeders and adults) was determined according to the plumage color in every male captured with mist nets. The apparent survival rate of adult individuals was determined using two methods: according to the ratio of males’ age and the CJS model (Lebreton et al., 1992; Bursky, 2011). A total of 713 captures of 657 individuals were analyzed. The ratios of ages in the males from the sites studied did not differ; yearlings amounted to 56% of all males. The rate of survival in the males based on the age ratios was estimated at 44 ± 2%. The apparent survival rate obtained using the CJS model was significantly higher (61 ± 6%). The survival rate of adult rosefinches in two sites did not differ and did not depend on sex. Literature materials on the age ratio and survival of rosefinches in local populations are analyzed. There is a suggestion that the mismatch of the survival rates obtained by two methods and the high proportion of yearling males in the banding captures can be explained by the fact that the majority of individuals of that age category did not participate in nesting.
We analyzed sequences of two mitochondrial DNA gene regions (control region and ND2) from 186 specimens obtained from 17 Eurasian localities covering most of the distribution of the common rosefinch ...to assess phylogeographic structure. Populations possessed a high level of nucleotide diversity relative to many other Palearctic species, suggesting that rosefinch populations are relatively old and possess high effective sizes. Mismatch distributions suggested that many localities experienced past population expansions, which are older than those expected for post-Pleistocene climate warming and reforestation of Eurasia. Our
Φ
st analysis revealed that 12.4% of total genetic variation was distributed among localities owing in part to the existence of three incompletely isolated groups: southwestern (subspecies
C. e. kubanensis), northeastern (subspecies
C. e. grebnitskii), and northwestern (subspecies
C. e. erythrinus and
C. e. ferghanensis). The three groups are not reciprocally monophyletic which suggests that they were formed relatively recently. Gene flow among groups is restricted. Coalescence analysis indicated dispersal asymmetry.
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