Our social existence is increasingly contaminated by relations with images and the presence of the screen. From the perspective of understanding the spirit of the times, we can therefore highlight ...the construction of a vision of the world expressed by images and screens that form a particular dimension of the experience. How then do images and screens structure our social imaginary? What are the forms of the experiences of everyday life? Questions that will lead us to reflect on an existence in which seeing becomes a central action of the current social world through the perspective of screenology as an effect and condition of a technological and media environment in which screens must be thought of as inhabited surfaces.
Recently, the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), benefited from the breakthrough on the fabrication of programmable meta-material, has been speculated as one of the key enabling technologies ...for the future six generation (6G) wireless communication systems scaled up beyond massive multiple input multiple output (Massive-MIMO) technology to achieve smart radio environments. Employed as reflecting arrays, RIS is able to assist MIMO transmissions without the need of radio frequency chains resulting in considerable reduction in power consumption. In this paper, we investigate the joint design of transmit beamforming matrix at the base station and the phase shift matrix at the RIS, by leveraging recent advances in deep reinforcement learning (DRL). We first develop a DRL based algorithm, in which the joint design is obtained through trial-and-error interactions with the environment by observing predefined rewards, in the context of continuous state and action. Unlike the most reported works utilizing the alternating optimization techniques to alternatively obtain the transmit beamforming and phase shifts, the proposed DRL based algorithm obtains the joint design simultaneously as the output of the DRL neural network. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is not only able to learn from the environment and gradually improve its behavior, but also obtains the comparable performance compared with two state-of-the-art benchmarks. It is also observed that, appropriate neural network parameter settings will improve significantly the performance and convergence rate of the proposed algorithm.
This handbooks series aims to integrate knowledge of communication structures and processes. It is global in orientation, dedicated to cultural and epistemological diversity as well as different ...scholarly approaches. The series features volumes on 'messages, codes and channels', 'mode of address: communication situations and context', 'methodology in communication science' and 'application areas'. The latter features volumes devoted to a large range of specialist areas of communication science. The series as a whole aims at meeting the needs of undergraduates, postgraduates, academics and researchers across the area of communication studies.
The optical wireless communication (OWC) technology explores the broad unregulated optical spectrum to provide high-speed wireless communications, and the visible, ultraviolet and near-infrared ...wavelength ranges all have been investigated. Compared with the conventional radio frequency (RF) band, the spectrum in OWC systems is much less congested and the interference is much lower. The OWC technology also provides enhanced physical layer security due to the natural confinement of optical beams that makes it difficult to intercept the transmitted signal. Hence, the OWC technology has been widely studied and considered as a promising candidate in future beyond-5G communications. The OWC technology has been considered for both long-range and short-range applications, and in this paper we will introduce the fundamentals and recent developments of short-range OWC systems. In particular, we will focus on the key short-range OWC applications in indoor personal or local area communications, underwater wireless communications, wireless data center networks, and vehicular communications. We will also introduce some recent widely studied advanced techniques to boost the performance of short-range OWC systems, including the spatial domain diversity, multiplexing and modulation principles to improve the system robustness and data rate, and the machine learning algorithms and hardware accelerators to suppress both linear and nonlinear effects to improve OWC signal quality and bit-error-rate performance.
This open access book discusses how the involvement of citizens into scientific endeavors is expected to contribute to solve the big challenges of our time, such as climate change and the loss of ...biodiversity, growing inequalities within and between societies, and the sustainability turn. The field of citizen science has been growing in recent decades. Many different stakeholders from scientists to citizens and from policy makers to environmental organisations have been involved in its practice. In addition, many scientists also study citizen science as a research approach and as a way for science and society to interact and collaborate. This book provides a representation of the practices as well as scientific and societal outcomes in different disciplines. It reflects the contribution of citizen science to societal development, education, or innovation and provides and overview of the field of actors as well as on tools and guidelines. It serves as an introduction for anyone who wants to get involved in and learn more about the science of citizen science.
Este artículo estudia cómo los showrunners se comunican con su audiencia en la red social Twitter. Tras una revisión literaria sobre el panorama televisivo derivado de la implantación de servicios de ...streaming y redes sociales, se analizan cuantitativa y cualitativamente las técnicas, el contenido y los elementos audiovisuales y textuales que utilizan en Twitter los showrunners de series originales de Netflix. A pesar de la heterogeneidad de su gestión, los resultados reflejan un uso reiterado del hashtag de la serie de televisión, de los tuits informativos/promocionales y de los enlaces externos.
El concepto de prosumidor, con cuatro décadas cumplidas desde que fuera acuñado por Alvin Toffler, se ha mantenido como el término conceptual más prevalente en los estudios sobre consumo-producción; ...con todo, distintos conceptos que matizan la idea de prosumidor han ido apareciendo a lo largo de, al menos, las dos últimas décadas. Así, el objetivo de este trabajo es llevar a cabo una revisión a los elementos heurísticos de dos conceptos relevantes, y considerados fundacionales, en este ámbito, para extender el abanico terminológico en este campo de estudios: los conceptos pro-am y maker.
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