U radu se primjenjuje interdisciplinarni pristup, spajajući klimatologiju s ekonomskom i financijskom analizom, za dublje razumijevanje kako klimatske promjene utječu na gospodarstvo i financijski ...sustav Hrvatske. Koristeći geoprostornu analizu podataka IPCC-a i Copernicus programa, identificiraju se regije unutar Hrvatske različito izložene klimatskim rizicima, omogućujući precizniju procjenu rizika za gospodarstvo i financijski sustav Hrvatske. Rad također doprinosi teorijskom razumijevanju veza između klimatskih promjena i makroekonomskih varijabli te pruža okvir za analizu dugoročnih ekonomskih učinaka klimatskih promjena. Rezultati istraživanja mogu poslužiti kao osnova za razvoj strategija prilagodbe i ublažavanja rizika od klimatskih promjena na nacionalnoj razini.
This paper employs an interdisciplinary approach, merging climatology with economic and financial analysis, to deepen understanding of how climate change affects the economy and financial system of Croatia. Using geospatial analysis of data from the IPCC and Copernicus programmes, we have identifed regions within Croatia variably exposed to climate risks, enabling more precise risk assessments for banks and financial institutions. The work also contributes to the theoretical understanding of the relationships between climate change and macroeconomic variables and provides a framework for analysing the long-term economic effects of climate change. The research results can serve as a basis for developing adaptation and mitigation strategies to climate risks at the national level. Specifically, this paper also serves as a data source for formulating policies aimed at reducing the economy’s vulnerability to climate change.
The aim of this study was to examine the capability of structure-from-motion photogrammetry in defining the geometry of cliffs and undercuts in rocks of complex geomorphology. A case site was chosen ...along pocket beaches near the village of Stara Baška on the Adriatic Sea island of Krk, Gulf of Kvarner, Croatia, where cliff erosion of 5 m in breccias was identified by comparison of aerial photographs from 1960 and 2004. The 3D point cloud was derived from approx. 800 photos taken on 9 January 2014 by a single camera from various elevations and angles, and processed using the online software ReCap (Autodesk). Data acquisition was found to be quick and the method easy to implement. The difference between the georeferenced 3D cloud points and an RTK-GPS survey was 7 cm, i.e. within the limits of RTK-GPS precision. Quantifying the spatial variation in undercut geometries revealed that the deepest and largest (17 m
3
) undercut was in the south-eastern sector of the beach. Reconstructing the detailed geomorphology of this 3.8-m-deep undercut convincingly demonstrates the high efficiency of the method. Such assessments of spatiotemporal changes in undercut and overhang volumes can prove useful for evaluations of cliff erosion risk. Coupled with the low cost and relatively simple application, this is evidently an attractive technique for meaningful geotechnical and coastal engineering monitoring in the future on the island of Krk and, for that matter, also on other Adriatic islands and in similar settings worldwide.
Aim
We determined the prevalence and predictors of formula supplementation for healthy, term newborn infants in hospital.
Methods
A cross‐sectional study was conducted from 1 June to 21 October 2020 ...among Croatian women who gave birth to healthy newborn infants of ≥37 weeks gestation and birth weight of ≥2500 g at the University Hospital of Split, Croatia. The mothers completed a questionnaire on hospital infant feeding practices and breastfeeding self‐efficacy. Multinomial logistic regression investigated associations between perinatal factors and formula supplementation.
Results
We approached 392 mothers, and 355 (90.6%) were included: 286 (80.6%) said their newborn infant received formula in hospital and it was at their request in 173/286 (60.5%) of cases. The adjusted analyses identified factors associated with increased odd ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for formula supplementation: no previous breastfeeding experience (OR 9.42, 95% CI 3.51–25.28), breastfeeding difficulties in hospital (OR 9.12, 95% CI 3.46–24.09) and older children who received formula during their birth hospitalisation (OR 11.51, 95% CI 4.4–30.1). Mothers were not routinely notified of the risks.
Conclusion
An unacceptably high proportion of healthy newborn infants received formula in hospital.
•A study of European Late Upper Paleolithic human diet at Šandalja II, Croatia.•Previous bulk isotope analysis indicated aquatic (freshwater fish) diets.•We applied compound specific isotope analysis ...of amino acids (CSIA-AA).•CSIA-AA confirms significant freshwater fish consumption for the Šandalja II humans.
There is increasing evidence from archaeological and especially isotope analysis for the reliance on aquatic foods, including freshwater and marine fish, in later Upper Paleolithic humans in Europe. A previous isotope study of the Late Upper Paleolithic humans and associated fauna from the site of Šandalja II (Croatia) (Richards et al., 2015) showed that the bulk collagen isotope values indicated a diet likely based mainly on freshwater fish. Here we applied high-resolution compound-specific amino acid (CSIA) isotope (carbon and nitrogen) analysis to humans and fauna from this site to refine the dietary interpretation based on the bulk values. We found that both the carbon and nitrogen CSIA results confirm that the two previously-analyzed Late Upper Paleolithic humans from this site were consuming significant quantities of freshwater fish. This supports other isotope studies showing the importance of aquatic foods in Late Upper Paleolithic human diets in Europe.
Since the declaration of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak as pandemic, health workers have shown an incredible commitment to their patients, sometimes in apocalyptic conditions. We explored ...ways to deal with the coronavirus stressor and psychological outcomes among physicians and nurses.
124 healthcare workers in General Hospital Nasice (Croatia) were invited to participate in a study by performing within the period of March 26 to April 6 2020 questionnaire collected information on socio-demographic characteristics and living conditions that may be risk factors for covid-19 concern, Short form health survey-36, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) and Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WOC; consisting of 8 subscales: Confrontive Coping, Distancing, Self-Controlling, Seeking Social Support, Accepting Responsibility, Escape-Avoidance, Planful Problem Solving, Positive Reappraisal).
11% healthworkers reports moderate to very-severe depression, 17% moderate to extremely-severe anxiety and 10% for moderate to extremely-severe stress. 67% of medical staff are worried. No statistically significant differences in the scales of depression, anxiety, and stress were found between nurses and physicians, but differences were found on Escape-Avoidance and Positive Reappraisal subscales. Nurses use significantly more avoiding coping style and positive reappraisal than doctors. Seeking social support is more pronounced in those over 40 years old, while those under 40 use more avoidable stress management techniques.
Monitoring and ensuring the mental health of coronavirus care staff is crucial for global health. The education of medical staff in the field of stress management is a conditio sine qua non of the issue of an adequate relationship with the COVID-19 pandemic.
The report examines recent trends in Croatia's in trade, productivity, innovation performance and policy governance framework, to help identify priorities for the development of the country's Smart ...Specialization Strategy, which is an ex-ante conditionality for access to the EU's Structural and Investment Funds over the 2014-20 programming period.
Many published reports have documented an increased prevalence of chronic medical conditions among veterans, but there were only a few studies that compared these increases with the general ...population. The aim of this study was to determine differences in chronic medical conditions between Croatian war veterans and the general population. This study included two groups of subjects, i.e. 1453 participants who are Croatian war veterans and 1429 participants from the general population. Medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests and specific diagnostic procedures were taken during systematic physical examination in both groups. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, malignancy, psychiatric diseases, cholelithiasis, nephrolithiasis, smoking and alcohol consumption was analyzed. Croatian war veterans were found to be more likely to develop hypertension than individuals in the general population (29.5% vs. 24.3%), as well as diabetes (7.3% vs. 3.8%), hyperlipidemia (56.4% vs. 27.3%), hyperthyroidism (3.1% vs. 0.8%), coronary heart disease (4.3% vs. 1%), malignancy (4.1% vs. 2.2%), psychiatric diseases (15.4% vs. 1.1%), and alcohol consumption (53% vs. 29%). Significant difference was found in favor of the general population for hypothyroidism (14.3% vs. 8%). There were no differences in the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cholelithiasis, nephrolithiasis, and smoking. Our findings confirmed the hypothesis of a higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, malignancy and psychiatric diseases among Croatian war veterans and emphasized the need of better control of their medical conditions.
The research aims to determine the motives, finality of return, and the importance of geographical proximity of the country of origin and destination for return migration of Croatian citizens who ...immigrated to Germany after Croatia's accession to the EU. The main motives for the return of the respondents are the fulfilment of a goal abroad, connection to Croatia, and dissatisfaction with German society. The respondents are connected to Croatia by family, friends, and love for their homeland, but not by economic conditions, which were pointed out as a possible push factor for reemigration from Croatia in the future. In the case of going abroad again, some respondents might consider Austria, in addition to Germany, due to its geographical proximity to Croatia. The experiences of the respondents showed that more effective population policies are needed, especially related to housing and labour policies, and a better standard of living, which were mentioned as strong push factors for emigration from Croatia.
Increasing use of rare earth elements (REE) in many new technologies results in their increasing presence in the environment and consequently in natural water systems. The Zrmanja River estuary ...represents a small, semi-closed system located in a karstic landscape of the eastern Adriatic coast characterised by the prevailing red soil (terra rossa) cover, numerous bauxite pits and the proximity of a decommissioned alumina plant, i.e. sources of geomaterials enriched in rare earth elements. To study the influence of such a substrate on estuarine sediment geochemistry, distribution of REEs in the surface sediments of the Zrmanja River estuary and surrounding soils were investigated. Both sediment and soil samples displayed significant variation in terms of REE concentrations as well as their normalised patterns, with overall highest REE levels measured in bauxitic soils (ΣREE 333–596mgkg−1); up to an order of magnitude higher than in other samples. In estuarine sediments, ΣREE ranged from 29.7mgkg−1 to 180mgkg−1, and displayed an increase along the estuary transect. Highest levels of rare earths in sediments of the Zrmanja River were observed in locations closest to the former alumina plant, indicating a transfer of particles rich in REE from the anthropogenically degraded environment in the vicinity of the factory and its influence on the geochemistry of the estuarine sediments. Sediment REE normalised patterns and associated fractionation parameters (ΣLREE/ΣHREE, (La/Nd)NASC, (La/Yb)NASC) showed similarity to those observed for soil samples, confirming a significant influence of local lithological and pedological setting on the sediment REE composition. Moreover, spatial changes in these parameters in sediments clearly followed the changes in nearby soils and can be differentiated on a relatively small scale.
•Geological setting enriched in REEs influences estuarine sediment geochemistry.•Influence of lithology on REE sediment composition differentiated on a small scale.•Origin of various geological materials in aquatic systems can be traced by REEs.•REEs levels and fractionation patterns can be used for pollution assessment.
Although, 30-years ago, there was a limited number of computer networks and computers in the former Yugoslavia, as well as worldwide, they were used by academia and the elites, who had enough ...knowledge and access to computers and to modems. Their views on the political situation, which have been preserved in the digital world, may give valuable insight into events, and, notably, about how these elites perceived/participated in the collapse of the State, and how the public in different Yugoslavian republics articulated their views. The main problem relating to this kind of approach was the limited resources that were available, as the majority of the digital documents have been lost forever, so studying this topic through the use of pre-web digital documents looked more like digital archeology, and less like historical/textual analysis. This paper was written based on two case studies: the bulletin board systems (BBS) Sezam BBS, and the e-mail distribution list Pisma Bralcev, and how they were used to report on the Yugoslav People's Army’s attacks on Dubrovnik and Vukovar in Fall, 1991. In the first case, the study examines ‘Sezam BBS’, which was based in Belgrade and was used by Serbian, Croatian and Slovenian academics, politicians and journalists, and was, at the time, the most popular forum open to the public, and was under no government control. The second case was the email distribution list, Pisma Bralcev, which was run by Slovenian academics and was used for the distribution of news abroad. The data for analysis was collected through archival research on original discussions, e-mails, reports, etc. The main findings show that the bulletin board systems, discussion groups and e-mail enabled the first forums for the exchange of opposing ideas, and they became places in which the Yugoslavian elite could be informed beyond the information that was given by the mass media and politically controlled sources.
Iako je prije 30 godina u bivšoj Jugoslaviji, kao i u svijetu, postojao ograničen broj računalnih mreža i računala, njima su se koristile akademske zajednice i elite, koje su imale dovoljno znanja i pristupa računalima i modemima. Njihovi pogledi na političku situaciju, koji su sačuvani u digitalnom svijetu, mogu dati vrijedan uvid u tadašnje događaje, posebno u vezi različitih gledišta artikuliranih u pojedinim jugoslavenskim republikama vezanih za raspad države. Glavni problem u vezi s istraživanjem bili su ograničeni dostupni resursi, budući da je većina digitalnih dokumenata zauvijek izgubljena, pa je proučavanje ove teme korištenjem digitalnih dokumenata prije weba više izgledalo kao digitalna arheologija, a manje poput povijesne/tekstualne analize. Ovaj rad je pisan na temelju dvije studije slučaja: sustava oglasnih ploča (BBS) Sezam BBS i e-mail distribucijske liste 'Pisma Bralcev', koji su korišteni za izvještavanje o napadima Jugoslavenske narodne armije na Dubrovnik i Vukovar u jesen 1991. godine. 'Sezam BBS', sa sjedištem u Beogradu, koristili su srpski, hrvatski i slovenski akademici, političari i novinari, a bio je u to vrijeme najpopularniji forum otvoren za javnost i nije bila pod kontrolom vlade. Lista elektroničke pošte, Pisma Bralcev, koju su vodili slovenski akademici, služila je za distribuciju vijesti u inozemstvo. Podaci za analizu prikupljeni su arhivskim istraživanjem izvornih rasprava, e-mailova, izvješća, a glavni nalazi pokazuju da su ovi sustavi komunikacije omogućili prve forume za razmjenu suprotstavljenih ideja te postali mjesta na kojima se jugoslavenska elita mogla informirati mimo informacija koje su davali masovni mediji i politički kontrolirani izvori.
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