Denver Nelson, Sarah M; Berry, K. Lynn; Carrillo, Richard E ...
01/2009
eBook
A vivid account of the prehistory and history of Denver as revealed in its archaeological record, Denver: An Archaeological History invites us to imagine Denver as it once was. Around 12,000 B.C., ...groups of leather-clad Paleoindians passed through the juncture of the South Platte River and Cherry Creek, following the herds of mammoth or buffalo they hunted. In the Archaic period, people rested under the shade of trees along the riverbanks, with baskets full of plums as they waited for rabbits to be caught in their nearby snares. In the early Ceramic period, a group of mourners adorned with yellow pigment on their faces and beads of eagle bone followed Cherry Creek to the South Platte to attend a funeral at a neighboring village. And in 1858, the area was populated by the crude cottonwood log shacks with dirt floors and glassless windows, the homes of Denver's first inhabitants. For at least 10,000 years, Greater Denver has been a collection of diverse lifeways and survival strategies, a crossroads of interaction, and a locus of cultural coexistence. Setting the scene with detailed descriptions of the natural environment, summaries of prehistoric sites, and archaeologists' knowledge of Denver's early inhabitants, Nelson and her colleagues bring the region's history to life. From prehistory to the present, this is a compelling narrative of Denver's cultural heritage that will fascinate lay readers, amateur archaeologists, professional archaeologists, and academic historians alike.
Latar belakang. Pola asuh orangtua diduga memiliki hubungan yang kuat dengan perkembangan bahasa dan bicara anak. Tujuan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menilai hubungan pola asuh orangtua terhadap ...perkembangan bahasa dan bicara pada anak usia 18-72 bulan serta menilai kesesuaian antara uji Denver II daring dengan uji Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan.Metode. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan desain penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Pengambilan data dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari 2021 sampai Juli 2021. Kuesioner dibagikan secara daring kepada orangtua dan dilakukan panggilan video dengan perangkat lunak melalui aplikasi Whatsapp® untuk pemeriksaan Denver II daring dan Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan. Hubungan antara pola asuh dan perkembangan dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi square (x2), sedangkan uji kesesuaian antara Denver II daring dengan Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan menggunakan nilai kappa.Hasil. Uji Chi square menunjukan hubungan yang bermakna menggunakan Denver II daring (p=0,00) dan menunjukan hubungan yang tidak bermakna menggunakan Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan (p=0,84). Nilai kappa antara Denver II daring dan Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan bernilai 0,49.Kesimpulan. Terdapat hubungan antara pola asuh orangtua terhadap perkembangan bahasa dan bicara pada anak usia 18-72 bulan tahun 2020 serta terdapat kesesuaian yang baik antara Denver II daring dengan Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan.
Sustained pumping of groundwater can lead to declining water levels in wellfields and concerns regarding the sustainability of groundwater resources. Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) is a promising ...approach for maintaining water levels in wells and increasing the sustainability of groundwater resources. Herein, an analytical model relying on superposition of the Theis equation is used to resolve water levels at 40 wells in three vertically stacked ASR wellfields operating in the Denver Basin Aquifers, Colorado (USA). Fifteen years of dynamic recovery/recharge data are used to estimate aquifer and well properties, which are then used to predict water levels at individual wells. Close agreement between modeled and observed water levels supports the validity of the analytical model for ASR wellfield applications. During the study period, 45 million m
3
of groundwater is produced and 11 million m
3
is recharged, leading to a net withdrawal of 34 million m
3
of groundwater. To quantify the benefits of recharge, the analytical model is applied to predict water levels at wells absent the historical recharge. Results indicate that during recovery and no-flow periods, recharge has increased water levels at wells up to 60 m compared to the no-recharge scenario. On average, the recharge increased water levels during the study period by 3, 4, and 11 m for wells in the Denver, Arapahoe, and Laramie Fox-Hills Aquifers, respectively. This study demonstrates the utility of analytical modeling to quantify the effects of long-term ASR at wells.
The Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary is the best known and most widely recognized global time horizon in Earth history and coincides with one of the two largest known mass extinctions. We present ...a series of new high-precision uranium–lead (U–Pb) age determinations by the chemical abrasion isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA-ID-TIMS) method from volcanic ash deposits within a tightly constrained magnetobiostratigraphic framework across the K–Pg boundary in the Denver Basin, Colorado, USA. This new timeline provides a precise interpolated absolute age for the K–Pg boundary of 66.021±0.024/0.039/0.081 Ma, constrains the ages of magnetic polarity Chrons C28 to C30, and offers a direct and independent test of early Paleogene astronomical and 40Ar/39Ar based timescales. Temporal calibration of paleontological and palynological data from the same deposits shows that the interval between the extinction of the dinosaurs and the appearance of earliest Cenozoic mammals in the Denver Basin lasted ∼185 ky (and no more than 570 ky) and the ‘fern spike’ lasted ∼1 ky (and no more than 71 ky) after the K–Pg boundary layer was deposited, indicating rapid rates of biotic extinction and initial recovery in the Denver Basin during this event.
•K–Pg boundary in Denver Basin (USA) dated to be 66.021±0.024 using U–Pb geochronology.•New Paleocene U–Pb timescale agrees with recent astrochronological calibrations.•Rapid rates of biotic extinction and initial recovery at K–Pg boundary in Denver Basin.
Outdoor water use represents over 50% of total water demand in semiarid and arid cities and presents both challenges to and opportunities for improved efficiency and water resilience. The current ...work adapts a remote sensing‐based methodology to estimate growing season irrigation rates at the census block group scale in Denver, Colorado. Results show that city‐wide outdoor water use does not change significantly from 1995 to 2018, while per capita water use and total water use significantly decrease from 2000 to 2018. Because total water use, but not outdoor use, is decreasing, the percent of water used outdoors significantly increases across the city from 2000 to 2018. Climate variables account for one‐quarter of interannual variation in mean irrigation rates due primarily to changes in temperature, not precipitation. Percent impervious land cover exhibits a significant inverse nonlinear relationship with irrigation rates at the census block group scale. Finally, 38% of Denver census block groups show significantly increasing irrigation rates between 1995 and 2018 driven primarily by increasing temperatures. The increasing proportion of water used for irrigation highlights the importance of outdoor demand management for urban water systems as indoor efficiencies improve. We advocate that resilient water systems necessitate integrated land use, infrastructure, and water planning in the face of urban growth and climate change. While minimizing irrigated urban areas may reduce demand, remaining green spaces should be designed to maximize multiple benefits including reductions in water demand and urban heat islands, stormwater management, and recreation to improve the sustainability of growing cities.
Key Points
The percent of water used outdoors in Denver increased from 2000 to 2018, indicating the need for improved outdoor demand management
Increasing temperatures are driving most significant increases in outdoor water use at the census block group scale in Denver
Impervious land cover is nonlinearly and inversely related to irrigation rates at the census block group level in Denver
L’Early Start Denver Model ou modèle de Denver fait partie des interventions recommandées par la Haute Autorité de santé depuis 2012 pour la prise en charge très précoce des enfants avec Trouble du ...spectre de l’autisme (TSA). Cette méthode, développée aux États-Unis, a montré les meilleures preuves d’efficacité sous une forme intensive difficilement généralisable à d’autres contextes culturellement différents. Aussi, sa mise en application dans le système de soin français a nécessité un certain nombre d’adaptations encore non évaluées à ce jour. Après un récapitulatif des principes de la méthode et des résultats des études concernant son efficacité, cette première étude observationnelle descriptive rétrospective vise à caractériser et mesurer les modalités d’implantation et de pratique de ce modèle sur le territoire. Ce faisant, elle vise également à mieux comprendre les freins potentiels à la mise en place de l’intervention précoce et ainsi proposer des pistes d’amélioration.
Un recensement des unités françaises proposant le modèle de Denver a été effectué de juin à octobre 2020. Un questionnaire adressé aux unités participantes permettait d’explorer différentes dimensions : tout d’abord, les caractéristiques de ces unités, notamment leur composition. Ensuite, l’ancrage dans le réseau de soins existant et le parcours de soin des enfants. Les modalités de pratique et de délivrance de la méthode étaient également interrogées. Enfin, il s’agissait de mettre en lumière les difficultés auxquelles avaient pu être confrontées les équipes lors de la mise en place du modèle. Les données ont été collectées dans le logiciel Microsoft Excel® afin d’en réaliser l’analyse statistique descriptive.
Au total, 92 % des unités recensées ont participé à l’étude et retourné le questionnaire. Nos résultats mettent en évidence une hétérogénéité importante du déploiement de la méthode de Denver au niveau national, et soulignent la limite des ressources disponibles sur le territoire, en particulier dans sa forme de délivrance intensive.
D’autres recherches restent nécessaires pour étudier la faisabilité et l’efficacité des modes d’intervention Denver déployés dans le contexte spécifique du système de santé français. Par ailleurs, un important travail reste à produire pour permettre la constitution de filières rapides et identifiables favorisant la précocité des interventions requise par l’existence d’un TSA chez le jeune enfant.
The Early Start Denver model is one of the interventions recommended by the French High Authority on Health since 2012 for the very early care of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. This program, developed in the United States, has shown the best evidence of effectiveness in an intensive form of delivery that is difficult to generalize to other culturally different contexts. Consequently, its implementation in the French health care system has required some adaptations that have not yet been evaluated. After a summary of the method's features and the results of studies of its effectiveness, this first retrospective descriptive observational study aims to characterize the implementation and practice of this intervention in France. In doing so, it also aims to better understand the potential obstacles to the implementation of early intervention and thus propose avenues for improvement.
A census of French units offering the Denver model was conducted from June to October 2020. A questionnaire sent to the participating units made it possible to explore different dimensions: first, the characteristics of these units, including their composition. Secondly, their integration into the care network and the children's care pathway. Practice and delivery modalities were also assessed. Finally, the objective was to highlight the difficulties that the teams may have faced when implementing the model. The data were collected in Microsoft Excel® software in order to perform a descriptive statistical analysis.
In total, 92% of the units surveyed participated in the study and returned the questionnaire. Our results highlight a significant heterogeneity in the deployment of the Denver method at the national level and underline the limit of resources available in the territory, particularly in its intensive delivery form.
Further research is still needed to study the feasibility and effectiveness of ESDM interventions deployed in the specific context of the French healthcare system. In addition, significant work remains to be done to establish rapid and identifiable pathways for early intervention in young children with ASD.
This study examined water quality, naturally-occurring radioactive materials (NORM), major ions, trace metals, and well flow data for water used and produced from start-up to operation of an oil and ...gas producing hydraulically-fractured well (horizontal) in the Denver-Julesburg (DJ) Basin in northeastern Colorado. Analysis was conducted on the groundwater used to make the fracturing fluid, the fracturing fluid itself, and nine flowback/produced water samples over 220days of operation. The chemical oxygen demand of the wastewater produced during operation decreased from 8200 to 2500mg/L, while the total dissolved solids (TDS) increased in this same period from 14,200 to roughly 19,000mg/L. NORM, trace metals, and major ion levels were generally correlated with TDS, and were lower than other shale basins (e.g. Marcellus and Bakken). Although at lower levels, the salinity and its origin appear to be the result of a similar mechanism to that of other shale basins when comparing Cl/Br, Na/Br, and Mg/Br ratios. Volumes of returned wastewater were low, with only 3% of the volume injected (11millionliters) returning as flowback by day 15 and 30% returning by day 220. Low levels of TDS indicate a potentially treatment-amenable wastewater, but low volumes of flowback could limit onsite reuse in the DJ Basin. These results offer insight into the temporal water quality changes in the days and months following flowback, along with considerations and implications for water reuse in future hydraulic fracturing or for environmental discharge.
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•Comparison of ground water, fracturing fluid, flowback, and produced water over time•TDS, metals, and anion data minimally changed over time in this DJ-Basin well.•COD declined overtime and only ~30% of the volume injected returned over the study.•Changing water quality impacts upon treatment and management were described.
In recent years, home-sharing platform Airbnb has developed into a major player in the tourism sector. It allows tourists to have authentic, off-the-beaten-track experiences in neighbourhoods ...previously unvisited. Although neighbourhoods can profit from increased attention and income, Airbnb and other short-term rentals (STRs) can also be disruptive to the traditional lodging industry and trigger gentrification processes; housing affordability and availability are jeopardized when housing units are turned into vacation rentals. Local governments worldwide are struggling to regulate STRs and their negative externalities. This paper focuses on key challenges cities face when dealing with STR platforms and the rationale behind different regulatory approaches. It first compares policies of 11 European and American cities and then zooms in on Denver to see how it regulates the impact of Airbnb. Most cities are relatively lenient towards STRs, with little to no (complete) prohibition. Instead, they limit the number of guests, nights and times a property can be rented, demand certain safety precautions and information provision, or require primary residency. Regulations are mostly directed to mitigate neighbourhood impacts, rather than creating a level playing field for the traditional lodging industry. Enforcement remains difficult due to the STR market's dynamic nature and online practice.