The paper presents the archaeological sites in the environs of the modern settlement of Bela Cerkev and the results of archaeological excavations in 2002, prior to motorway construction. Excavations ...at four (?) different, but contiguous locations (Dolge njive, Draga 1, Draga 2 in Draga 3) revealed and documented part of the line of the road, the masonry foundations of buildings, numerous post-built structures, a cemetery and domestic material, dating to the Roman period. The paper also considers hypotheses surrounding the location of the Roman-period roadside settlement of Crucium. It is posited that the excavation on these sites have revealed the location of the Roman roadside settlement of Crucium, which was occcupied or functioned in the period from the 1st to the 4th Centuries AD.
Toponimija Petrebišća i okolice Gilić, Stanislav
Zbornik Lovranšćine,
01/2023, Letnik:
9, Številka:
1
Web Resource, Journal Article
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U ovom se toponomastičkom ogledu utvrđuje pobuda imenovanja dijela toponimskog fonda katastarske općine Mošćenička Draga na području istoimene administrativne jedinice na istočnoj istarskoj obali. U ...primarnom su fokusu toponimi koji se nalaze u granicama Parka prirode Učka. Među prikupljenim toponimima najčešći su oni motivirani reljefom. U radu je izdvojeno sedam toponima mitološke motivacije. Usto se nudi novo tumačenje oronima Učka.
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•Different types of production techniques in basketry determined in La Draga.•Local production of the vegetal objects of La Draga using immediate plant material.•Use of different ...parts of plants depending on the part of the basket.•Bundles and sewing made of herbaceous plants and linden bark fibres for sewing.•Different uses for baskets depending on the technique used (transport, containers).
The goal of this work is provide new data about early basketry techniques based on remains found at the site of La Draga (Banyoles, Spain). La Draga has yielded a series of basketry fragments dated to 5300–5000 cal. BC that introduce novel information about the use of natural materials to make baskets and the techniques involved in their fabrication. The 34 fragments of basketry were recovered from waterlogged levels. All the remains of basketry found at La Draga were made with the same sewn coiled technique, although variations are seen in the type of stitches. The inhabitants of La Draga used a limited number of species for basket-making: monocotyledons, lime bast fibres and hazel wands. The technology, number of individuals and function are discussed in this paper.
Pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs (NPP) from the Early Neolithic settlement of La Draga have provided new palaeoenvironmental data concerning the establishment of the first farming societies in NE ...Iberian Peninsula. The analysis of samples from the archaeological profiles allowed the comprehension of several processes involved in the formation of this archaeological site and the reconstruction of environmental conditions in the different phases of occupation, in addition to obtaining new data about the ecological significance of NPP in archaeological levels. New NPP have been described, illustrated, and discussed.
The first farming societies settled at La Draga in a humid and densely forested area, with the predominance of deciduous trees (deciduous Quercus and Corylus) and Pinus and Abies in the surrounding mountains. Following their establishment at the site, abrupt changes in vegetation are recorded, in terms of deforestation of oak and riparian forests. Sedimentation dynamics involved in the formation of the archaeological site influenced the composition of the NPP spectra, reflected in the contraposition between waterlogged and subaerial layers, but especially, between organic peaty layers formed at local level and sediments transported by erosive processes in the layers belonging to the second phase of occupation.
•Pollen and NPP analysis evidence human impact in the Neolithic site of La Draga.•Carbonicolous/lignicolous fungi spores were documented in collapsed wooden structures.•Integration of pollen, NPP and LOI shows evidence of soil erosion episodes.•Coprophilous fungi spores indicate local evidence of animals within the settlement.
Humanized mouse models are valuable tools for investigating the human immune system in response to infection and injury. We have previously described the human immune system (HIS)-DRAGA mice ...(HLA-A2.HLA-DR4.Rag1KO.IL-2RgKO.NOD) generated by infusion of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-matched, human hematopoietic stem cells from umbilical cord blood. By reconstituting human cells, the HIS-DRAGA mouse model has been utilized as a “surrogate in vivo human model” for infectious diseases such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Influenza, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), scrub typhus, and malaria. This humanized mouse model bypasses ethical concerns about the use of fetal tissues for the humanization of laboratory animals. Here in, we demonstrate the presence of human microglia and T cells in the brain of HIS-DRAGA mice. Microglia are brain-resident macrophages that play pivotal roles against pathogens and cerebral damage, whereas the brain-resident T cells provide surveillance and defense against infections. Our findings suggest that the HIS-DRAGA mouse model offers unique advantages for studying the functions of human microglia and T cells in the brain during infections, degenerative disorders, tumors, and trauma, as well as for testing therapeutics in these pathological conditions.
A major barrier in the use of humanized mice as models of HIV-1 (HIV) infection is the inadequate generation of virus-specific antibody responses. Humanized DRAGA (hDRAGA) mice generate ...antigen-specific class switched antibodies to several pathogens, but whether they do so in HIV infection and the extent to which their secondary lymphoid tissues (sLT) support germinal center responses is unknown. hDRAGA mice were evaluated for their ability to support HIV replication, generate virus-specific antibody responses, develop splenocyte subsets, and organize sLT architecture. hDRAGA mice supported persistent HIV replication and developed modest levels of gp41-specific human IgM and IgG. Spleens from uninfected and HIV infected hDRAGA mice contained differentiated B and CD4
T cell subsets including germinal center (GC) B cells and T follicular helper cells (TFH); relative expansions of TFH and CD8
T cells, but not GC B cells, occurred in HIV-infected hDRAGA mice compared to uninfected animals. Immunofluorescent staining of spleen and mesenteric lymph node sections demonstrated atypical morphology. Most CD4
and CD8
T cells resided within CD20
areas. CD20
areas lacked canonical germinal centers, as defined by staining for IgD
Ki67
cells. No human follicular dendritic cells (FDC) were detected. Mouse FDC were distributed broadly throughout both CD20
and CD20
regions of sLT. HIV RNA particles were detected by
hybridization within CD20
areas and some co-localized with mouse FDC. Viral RNA
cells were more concentrated within CD20
compared to CD20
areas of sLT, but differences were diminished in spleen and eliminated in mesenteric lymph nodes when adjusted for CD4
cell frequency. Thus, hDRAGA mice recapitulated multiple aspects of HIV pathogenesis including HIV replication, relative expansions in TFH and CD8
T cells, and modest HIV-specific antibody production. Nevertheless, classical germinal center morphology in sLT was not observed, which may account for the inefficient expansion of GC B cells and generation of low titer human antibody responses to HIV-1 in this model.
The discovery in 2012 of a complete yew bow (Taxus baccata) in the lakeside Neolithic site of La Draga, together with two more fragmented bows from previous field seasons, are the oldest evidence of ...archery among farming communities in Europe. This group of bows has allowed different aspects of prehistoric archery to be considered. Firstly with regard to the manufacturing processes of these weapons, which show great uniformity in terms of the raw material used, but some variety in shapes and sizes. Secondly about the socioeconomic significance of weapons in societies which no longer based their economy on hunting and gathering.
•La Draga is a lacustrine site dating from the late sixth millennium cal BC.•In this paper we present the three yew bows recovered at la Draga site.•The bows are the oldest examples of Neolithic archery documented in Europe.•The good preservation allows analyzing aspects of their production and function.•We discuss its economic and social role in the frame of Neolithic societies.
This paper focuses on high-resolution analysis of pollen and sedimentology and botanical macro-remains analysis in a core from Lake Banyoles (Girona, Spain). The core sequence comprises a high ...resolution mid-Holocene (ca. 8.9–3.35calkaBP) vegetation succession, and sedimentological, geochemical and geomorphological proxies are related to both climatic and anthropogenic causes. Deforestation processes affected natural vegetation development in the Early Neolithic (7.25–5.55calkaBP) and Late Neolithic (5.17–3.71calkaBP), in the context of broadleaf deciduous forest resilience against cooling and drying oscillations. Changes in sedimentation dynamics and in lake water level caused the emergence of dry land on the lake margin where riparian forest was established from 5.55calkaBP onwards. The data show that in the context of an increasing aridification process, Neolithic land-use played an important role in vegetation history and environmental evolution.
•Human-environment relationships are studied around Lake Banyoles (NE Spain).•Broadleaf deciduous forests were resilient against cooling and drying oscillations.•Riparian forest was established in emerged dry land due to changes in sedimentation.•Anthropic deforestation affected vegetation and lake sedimentation during Neolithic.
The arrival of early farmers and their livestock in the western Mediterranean during the early Neolithic marked a new way of life for the north‐east Iberian Peninsula. Given the permanence of the ...introduced economic strategies, which are still practiced today, and their apparently momentous outcome, this process has generally been explained as a success. The introduction of livestock must have played a fundamental role, but we know little about how these newly arrived domestic animals were managed. In this sense, the management of food habits of domestic animals could be a key factor to understand the success of different herding systems during the introduction and adaptation of domesticates in the Iberian Peninsula. Sequential analyses of δ13C and δ18O values in tooth enamel crowns are here used to provide detailed information about dietary inputs of early caprine and bovine herds introduced into the Iberian Peninsula. Our study was carried out at La Draga (5314–5209 cal BC), a site on the eastern side of Lake Banyoles (Girona, NE Iberian Peninsula). Data show that caprine and bovine herds were fed with variable foddering strategies. Sheep reflect feeding in the swamps or on forest resources with reduced seasonal dietary changes. Goat and cattle herds display food habits that could involve foddering on stored agricultural by‐products during specific season times, probably linked to reproductive and productive strategies. This information helps to reconstruct how these early Neolithic communities found the way to success in the new territories of the western Mediterranean.
We report a Human Immune System (HIS)-humanized mouse model ("DRAGA": HLA-A2.HLA-DR4.Rag1KO.IL-2 RγcKO.NOD) for COVID-19 research. DRAGA mice express transgenically HLA-class I and class-II molecules ...in the mouse thymus to promote human T cell development and human B cell Ig-class switching. When infused with human hematopoietic stem cells from cord blood reconstitute a functional human immune system, as well as human epi/endothelial cells in lung and upper respiratory airways expressing the human ACE2 receptor for SARS-CoV-2. The DRAGA mice were able to sustain SARS-CoV-2 infection for at least 25 days. Infected mice showed replicating virus in the lungs, deteriorating clinical condition, and human-like lung immunopathology including human lymphocyte infiltrates, microthrombi and pulmonary sequelae. Among the intra-alveolar and peri-bronchiolar lymphocyte infiltrates, human lung-resident (CD103
+
) CD8
+
and CD4
+
T cells were sequestered in epithelial (CD326
+
) lung niches and secreted granzyme B and perforin, suggesting anti-viral cytotoxic activity. Infected mice also mounted human IgG antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins. Hence, HIS-DRAGA mice showed unique advantages as a surrogate in vivo human model for studying SARS-CoV-2 immunopathological mechanisms and testing the safety and efficacy of candidate vaccines and therapeutics.
