EN Development of an acoustic alert system with programmable logis by using the Drools BRMS
ES Desarrollo de un sistema de generación de alertas acústicas de lógica programable mediante el uso del ...sistema Drools BRMS.
EN Development of an acoustic alert system with programmable logis by using the Drools BRMS
ES Desarrollo de un sistema de generación de alertas acústicas de lógica programable mediante el uso del sistema Drools BRMS.
The high demand for quality in the manufacture of absorbent hygiene products requires the adhesive bonds between layers to be as uniform as possible. An experimental study was conducted on two ...industrial multihole melt blowing nozzle designs used for hot-melt adhesive applications for hygiene products, in order to study two defects that influence the quality of the adhesive bond: fibre breakup, resulting in contamination, and the presence of shots, undesirable lumps that end up in the finished product. To this end, the fibre dynamics were captured at the nozzle exit region by using high-speed imaging. From the results it was observed that die drool is the main source of shot formation, while fibre breakup occurs as a result of applying a sufficiently large force in the direction perpendicular to the fibre. In addition, three dimensionless parameters were defined, the first two being the air-polymer flux ratio and the dimensionless temperature ratio, both of which represent the operating conditions, and the remaining one being the force ratio, which represents the nozzle geometry. The effect of these parameters on fibre breakup and shot formation was studied and the results indicate that both the operating conditions and the nozzle geometry were responsible for the onset of the fibre breakup and for the formation of shots. More precisely, both defects turned out to be dominated by the air-polymer flux ratio and the air tilt angle. The results that emerge from this study are useful for the enhancement of industrial melt blowing nozzles.
Abstract Saliva has been championed as a diagnostic fluid of the future. Much of the attention that saliva receives as a biological specimen is due to the perception that the nature of sample ...collection is quick, uncomplicated, and non-invasive. In most cases, this perception matches reality; however, in some special circumstances and populations collecting saliva can be unexpectedly difficult, time consuming, and may not yield sufficient sample volume for assay. In this report, we review the nature and circumstances surrounding some of these problems in the context of developmental science and then present alternatives that can be used by investigators to improve the next generation of studies. We expect our findings will ease the burden on research participants and assistants, reduce the rate of missing values in salivary data sets, and increase the probability that salivary biomarkers will continue to be successfully integrated into developmental and behaviorally-oriented research.
The diversity of viruses identified from the various niches of the human oral cavity—from saliva to dental plaques to the surface of the tongue—has accelerated in the age of metagenomics. This rapid ...expansion demonstrates that our understanding of oral viral diversity is incomplete, with only a few studies utilizing passive drool collection in conjunction with metagenomic sequencing methods. For this pilot study, we obtained 14 samples from healthy staff members working at the Duke Lemur Center (Durham, NC, USA) to determine the viral diversity that can be identified in passive drool samples from humans. The complete genomes of 3 anelloviruses, 9 cressdnaviruses, 4 Caudoviricetes large bacteriophages, 29 microviruses, and 19 inoviruses were identified in this study using high-throughput sequencing and viral metagenomic workflows. The results presented here expand our understanding of the vertebrate-infecting and microbe-infecting viral diversity of the human oral virome in North Carolina (USA).
Early diagnosis with rapid detection of the virus plays a key role in preventing the spread of infection and in treating patients effectively. In order to address the need for a straightforward ...detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection and assessment of viral spread, we developed rapid, sensitive, extraction-free one-step reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) tests for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in saliva. We analyzed over 700 matched pairs of saliva and nasopharyngeal swab (NSB) specimens from asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals. Saliva, as either an oral cavity swab or passive drool, was collected in an RNA stabilization buffer. The stabilized saliva specimens were heat-treated and directly analyzed without RNA extraction. The diagnostic sensitivity of saliva-based RT-qPCR was at least 95% in individuals with subclinical infection and outperformed RT-LAMP, which had at least 70% sensitivity when compared to NSBs analyzed with a clinical RT-qPCR test. The diagnostic sensitivity for passive drool saliva was higher than that of oral cavity swab specimens (95% and 87%, respectively). A rapid, sensitive one-step extraction-free RT-qPCR test for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in passive drool saliva is operationally simple and can be easily implemented using existing testing sites, thus allowing high-throughput, rapid, and repeated testing of large populations. Furthermore, saliva testing is adequate to detect individuals in an asymptomatic screening program and can help improve voluntary screening compliance for those individuals averse to various forms of nasal collections.
Caustic chemicals are widely distributed in our environment. Exposure to caustic agents is a lifelong problem associated with severe tissue and mucous membrane injuries. In pediatrics, corrosive ...exposure is the most common cause of nonpharmaceutical exposure presenting to poison control centers. Therefore, this study evaluated the role of the Pediatric Early Warning System (PEWS) and Drooling Reluctance Oropharynx Others Leukocytosis (DROOL) scores as early in-hospital outcome predictors following corrosive ingestion. The current study was a two-center, retrospective, cross-sectional study carried out among pediatric patients diagnosed with acute caustic ingestion during the past 4 years. Most exposure occurred accidentally among boys (59.4%) living in rural areas (51.9%) of preschool age (50% were 2–4 years old). Residence, body temperature, respiratory rate, vomiting, skin and mucosal burns, retrosternal pain, respiratory distress, Oxygen (O2) saturation, Glasgow Coma Scale score, HCO
3
level, total bilirubin level, anemia, leukocytosis, and presence of free peritoneal fluid were significant predictors of esophageal injuries (
p
< 0.05). DROOL and PEWS scoring were the most significant predictors of esophageal injuries with worthy predictive power, where odds ratio (95% confidence interval (CI)) was 1.76 (0.97–3.17) and 0.47 (0.21–0.99) for PEWS and DROOL, respectively. At a cutoff of < 6.5, the DROOL score could predict esophageal injuries excellently, with AUC = 0.931; sensitivity, 91.7%; specificity, 72.5%; and overall accuracy, 91.3%. At a cutoff of > 6.5, PEWS could significantly predict unfavorable outcomes, with AUC = 0.893; sensitivity, 94.4%; specificity, 71.9%; and overall accuracy, 89.3%. However, PEWS better predicted the need for admittance to the intensive care unit (ICU). Pediatric Early Warning System (PEWS) and Drooling Reluctance Oropharynx Others Leukocytosis (DROOL) are potentially useful accurate scorings that could predict the esophageal injuries and ICU admission following corrosive ingestion in pediatrics.
Dry mouth currently affects roughly 20% of the population and is a condition characterized by chronic hyposalivation and/or subjective reports of xerostomia. Low saliva flow can be indicative of ...other undiagnosed diseases, such as primary Sjogren's syndrome, and may contribute to difficulty chewing, increased caries susceptibility and infection. The passive drool test (PDT) is the primary method used to evaluate patients for hyposalivation but it is time-consuming and inconvenient. New methodology is needed to facilitate increased testing for hyposalivation in the dental clinic. The aim of this study was to evaluate an alternative method to measure salivary flow in dental offices.
In this study, we tested a new biomedical device, the BokaFlo™, to measure salivary flow in subjects in comparison to the current PDT standard. Participants completed an oral health questionnaire and saliva flow was evaluated by the PDT and the BokaFlo™ system.
Saliva flow as measured by the BokaFlo™ positively correlated with the saliva flow measured by the PDT methodology (r = 0.22, p < 0.05). The device predicted low saliva flow in subjects with a sensitivity of 0.76 and specificity of 0.84 for subjects with hyposalivation, defined as a saliva flow rate of ≤ 0.1 ml/min. A significant negative correlation between the total oral health questionnaire score and the likelihood of participant exhibiting low salivary flow was observed (r = - 0.31, p < 0.006).
The BokaFlo™ was effectively able to measure low saliva flow correlating with the PDT methodology and may provide more efficient testing of saliva flow in the dental office.
Slip heating in die drool Gilbert, Peter H.; Giacomin, A. Jeffrey
Canadian journal of chemical engineering,
March 2015, Letnik:
93, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
When molten plastic is extruded from a die, it can collect on the open die face. Called die drool, this phenomenon costs plastics manufacturers by requiring shutdown for die cleaning. This has been ...attributed to cohesive failure within the fluid at an internal surface, where the fluid slips on itself; the corresponding isothermal analysis led to an analytical solution for the drool rate (Schmalzer and Giacomin, J. Polym. Eng. 2013, 33, 1). In this paper, we account for the frictional heating at the cohesive slip interface, which we call slip heating. We focus on slit flow, which is used in film casting, sheet extrusion, curtain coating, and in many other chemical engineering unit operations. In slit flow, the magnitude of the heat flux from the slipping interface is the product of the shear stress and the slip speed. We present the solution for the temperature rise in pressure‐driven slit flow subject to constant heat generation at the cohesive slip interface. We solve the energy equation in Cartesian coordinates for the temperature rise, for both the transient and steady temperature profiles, in both the drool layer and the bulk polymer. We then evaluate the effect of this temperature rise on the rate of die drool. For this simplest relevant non‐isothermal problem, we neglect viscous dissipation and convective heat transfer in the melt and we model viscosity as an Arrhenius function of temperature. We conclude with three worked examples showing the relevance of slip heating in determining die drool flow rates. We find that slip heating diminishes die drool. We arrive at two sufficient dimensionless conditions for the accurate use of our results: Br ≪1 or Gi ≪1.
In this work, the effect of die exit design on the internal die drool phenomenon occurring during extrusion of HDPE has been experimentally investigated. It has been revealed, that firstly, the ...effect of flared length and die exit angle on the internal die drool intensity during extrusion of HDPE has non-monotonic character and secondly, flared dies are more stabilizing in comparison with chamfered dies. It has been suggested that suppression mechanism of the internal die drool phenomenon through die exit modification can be understood through the balance between the melt pressure/normal stresses at the die exit, adhesion at metal wall/flowing melt interface and extensional stress induced by the extrudate draw off, which can lead to flow situation at which low molecular weight species are effectively removed from the die exit region by the moving extrudate and only small portion of them remains at the die exit face.
Dry-weather flows in urban channels and streams, often termed “urban drool”, represent an important source of urban surface water impairment, particularly in semi-arid environments. Urban drool is a ...combination of year-round flows in urban channels, natural streams, and storm-sewer systems (runoff from irrigation return flow, car washes, street cleaning, leakage of groundwater or wastewater into streams or storm sewers, etc.). The purpose of this study was to better understand the extent and sources of urban drool pollution in Denver, Colorado by identifying relationships between urban catchment characteristics and pollutants. Water-quality samples were taken throughout Denver at urban drainage points that were representative of a variety of urban characteristics. Samples were analyzed for total suspended solids (TSS), coliforms, Escherichia Coli (E. coli), nutrients (nitrate, phosphorus, and potassium), dissolved and total organic carbon, and dissolved and total recoverable metals. Results from this study were as follows: (1) most contaminants (nitrate, phosphorus, arsenic, iron, manganese, nickel, selenium, and zinc) were concluded to be primarily loaded from shallow groundwater; (2) anthropogenic effects likely exacerbated groundwater pollutant concentrations and contributions to surface water; (3) nitrate, nickel, and manganese may be partially contributed by industrial inputs; (4) medical marijuana cultivation sites were identified as a potential source of nutrient and zinc pollution; (5) E. coli was a ubiquitous contaminant in all urban waterways; (6) erosion of contaminated urban soils, presumably from construction, was found to significantly increase concentrations of TSS, total phosphorus, and total metals. Increasing urbanization and predicted drier climates suggest that dry-weather flows will become more important to manage; the results from this study provide insight on dry-weather water quality management for the City and County of Denver.
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