•First report on Acinetobacter calcoaceticus synthesizing platinum nanoparticles.•Nanoparticles are intracellular with size ranging from 2 to 3.5nm.•Whole cell protein profile of the challenged cells ...changes over a period of 120h.•Involvement of four distinct proteins in synthesis of platinum nanoparticles.•Protein synthesized platinum nanoparticles are in nano- and picometer under HR-TEM.
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus PUCM 1011 efficiently synthesized platinum nanoparticles (PtNP) of size 2–3nm intracellularly when challenged with hexachloroplatinic acid. Salt concentration (1mM), temperature (30°C), pH (7) and incubation period (72h) influenced the efficiency of monodisperse cuboidal PtNP synthesis. Resolution of ordered lattice fringes with “d” value of 0.23nm corresponding to (111) plane and EDAX confirmed presence of metallic platinum. AFM, TEM and HR-TEM confirmed synthesis of PtNP and its effect on cell viability. Total cell protein profile for 120h with an interval of 24h after PtNP synthesis revealed prominent four protein bands (97, 66, 43 and 29kDa) when compared to control. Combinations of three proteins initiated PtNP synthesis within 4h in range of 1–4nm and few in picometers under HR-TEM. This is the first report of PtNP synthesis employing whole cell and total cell protein of A. calcoaceticus.
•S. acutus and C. pyrenoidosa at 1:1 ratio was found optimum for algal consortia.•ISL1, ISL2 and ISL3 at 1:1:1 ratio was found optimum for bacterial consortia.•Algal-bacterial consortia recorded ...higher bioremediation than individual culture.•S/TEM and SEM study confirms the biosorption and bioaccumulation mechanisms.•Sorghum plants grown with bioremediated stream showed better physiological traits.
The synergistic interaction between algae and bacteria can be exploited to develop the next-generation wastewater treatment systems as the traditional activated sludge process are expensive, time-consuming, and release several greenhouse gasses. Thus, the protocooperation of algae bacterial consortia was studied during bioremediation of Pb2++Cd2+, followed by a bioassay study with bioremediated stream using Sorghum bicolor. Bacterial Bacillus sp., (NCBI Acc. No. MK999907), Bacillus sp. (NCBI Acc. No. MN005950) and Micrococcus sp. (NCBI Acc. No. MN005949)-algal Scenedesmus acutus (NCIM 5584) and Chlorella pyrenoidosa (NCIM 2738) consortium was constructed in such as way, which can tolerate and efficiently remove 200 ppm Pb2+ +1.5 ppm Cd2+. The individual consortia showed higher bioremediation attributes when they were mixed in equal quantities. However, the algae-bacterial consortia in the protocooperation study showed ∼30–33% higher bioremediation than individual consortia of algae/bacteria. Due to positive protocooperation 30% higher algal AFDW, 13% higher bacterial CFU mL−1, 82% lower dissolved oxygen, and 62% higher bicarbonates were reported as compared to individual consortia systems. For reuse of water, Sorghum plants were treated with bioremediated mixed metal stream (amino acid rich) reported higher total chlorophyll, Fv/Fm, and dry weight. The FTIR signal patterns and SEM-EDX images of Sorghum roots treated with bioremediated mixed metal stream were found negative for presence of any metals, whereas the seedlings treated with mixed metal showed deposition of Pb2+and Cd2+. Therefore, algal bacterial consortia-based bioremoval approaches can be adopted as an efficient tool for metal bioremediation and reuse of wastewater.
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Sn, Mn-doped CdS thin films were deposited using on glass substrates at 400°C in air atmosphere by chemical spray pyrolysis method. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) of the deposited film exhibits the cubic ...phase of CdS with a preferred orientation along the (1 1 1) plane. The average crystallite size (D) of pure CdS (18 nm), Sn:CdS (7 nm) and Mn:CdS (6 nm) thin films are calculated. The morphological variations due to the incorporation of Sn and Mn in CdS thin films observed by the Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. Incorporation of Sn and Mn confirmed from Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX). Sn and Mn-doped CdS thin films show a significant blue shift in the absorption spectrum. From the optical studies, The optical bandgap values are 2.43 eV (CdS), 2.28 eV (Mn:CdS) and 2.03 eV (Sn:CdS) respectively. Advanced magnetic saturation and coercivity have been studied for the doped CdS thin films. Consequently, the obtained results will lead to better performance for the optoelectronic and spintronic applications.
The research article addresses to improve the mechanical behaviour of the Al 7075 composites like tensile, surface roughness (SR) and thrust force fabricated by conventional stir casting process with ...a modernized three step stirring method. Boron Nitride particles are reinforced with varying wt% of 3, 6 and 9 respectively. Boron Nitride particles are characterized using metallurgical microscopy (MM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) & Energy Dispersive x-ray Analysis (EDAX). The density and hardness of the samples are determined using Archimedes principle and micro hardness testing machine. Drilling experiments are conducted for the prepared composites. Fully carbide drill bit is used for the entire experiment with varying input parameters such as (Speed, Feed & Point of angle). The results reveal that the surface roughness is decreased due to the presence of hard ceramic phase. The tensile behaviour of the composites is increased when compared with the base material. Further the tensile fractography and drill worn surface is analyzed using SEM.
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•Studies on rhenium solubility & CP measurements of Ca10-xRex(PO4)6(OH)2±δ, x = 0 to 0.7 for radwaste immobilization.•Ca10-xRex(PO4)6(OH)2±δ, x = 0−0.7 compositions were synthesized ...by solid state reaction.•Re solubility is below 2.5 mol %; beyond which Ca3(PO4)2 phase was separated out.•Cp of Re substituted compositions (0.84-1.07 JK−1 g−1) & pristine one (0.77-1.02 JK−1 g−1) measured for the first time.•Thermodynamic functions derived from measured Cp at 298−800 K for the first time.
Rhenium substituted Ca-hydroxy apatite (Ca10-xRex(PO4)6(OH)2±δ, x = 0−0.7) was synthesized by solid state reaction and characterized by XRD, Raman and TG-DTA analysis.Results show that the solubility limit of Re is below 5 mol %; above whichCa3(PO4)2 phase was separated out. In this study, Re is used as surrogate for technetium (Tc) which does not occur in nature. The incorporation and distribution of Re in Ca-hydroxy apatite surface was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) EDX. The prevalence of constituent elements was further examined by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and neutron activation analysis (NAA). The heat capacity (Cp) of the compositions was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at 298−800 K for the first time. The Cpvalue of Re substituted compositions (0.84-1.07 JK-1 g−1) was found to be higher than the pristine Ca-hydroxyapatite (0.77-1.02 JK−1 g−1).Thermodynamic functions of the compositions were derived by using the measured Cp values.
This study investigated the microplastic (MPs) contamination of the mussels, P. viridis and P. perna of different sizes, and their environment viz. water and sediment. MPs were recovered from the ...soft tissues of both species. The mean abundance of MPs ranges from 0.87 ± 0.55 to 10.02 ± 4.15 items/individual; 0.1 ± 0.03 to 2.05 ± 0.33 items/g; 31.57 ± 7.63 to 59.25 ± 14.32 items/l in water, and 79.54 ± 18.66 to 108 ± 40.36 items/kg in sediment. Smaller mussels (3–6 cm) are capable of ingesting higher quantities of MPs per gram of tissue weight, and the rate of MP uptake decreases when the mussels grow in size. These might be due to the faster filtration rate in smaller mussels. MPs of fiber type and blue color in the size range of 500 μm to 1 mm are predominant in mussels. Eleven different polymeric groups were identified, of which PE is the most common, followed by PP. The distribution patterns of MP abundance, shape, size, color, and polymer in mussels more closely resemble those in water. There is no significant difference in MP quantities between P. perna and P. viridis (p > 0.05). FTIR-ATR spectroscopy and SEM analysis show that most of the MPs have been strongly weathered. EDAX analysis detects heavy metals like As, Ni, Fe, Zn, and Cd associated with MPs. This study shows that the MPs contents of both the mussel species are transferred from seawater to their edible meat. This study again proved that mussels can act as bio indicator of MPs pollution.
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•Microplastics were assessed in east and west coast mussels and their ecosystems.•MP numbers in mussels vary from 0.1 to 4.6 items/g and 1.5 to 7.6 items/individual.•MP abundance in mussel reflects that in water but is inversely related to body size.•Mussels are more likely to ingest blue MPs and PE fibers of size from 500 μm–1 mm.•FTIR-ATR reveals 11 polymers and SEM-EDX shows weathered MPs with pollutants.
•Iron-Cobalt codoped ZnO nanoparticles was synthesized by sol–gel method without adding reducing agents.•An additional dopant is indroduced in to single TM dopant to enhance the structural and ...optical property.•Structural characterization was performed by XRD, FTIR, SEM and EDX.•Optical characterization of the prepared samples was performed by UV–Vis spectroscopy.
The (Fe,Co) codoped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized through PEG assisted route and characterized by XRD,UV visible and SEM with EDAX analysis. The structural analysis shows that the synthesized nanoparticles have crystalline nature and the crystallite size is found to be 49.43 nm. The UV visible spectrum shows that the energy band gap of synthesized nanoparticles was found to be 2.9 eV. The structural morphology was found by SEM analysis and the synthesized sample forms a cluster structure. The presence of Fe, Co and ZnO were confirmed by EDAX analysis. This promotes its utilization in optoelectronic devices.
The rapid growth in industrialization and population leads to generation of large quantity of wastes, some materials were containing high silica contents is damped as a waste. In this study such ...damped silica wastes from various industries is collected and subjected to studies as a stabilizing material for black cotton soils, such assorted materials are Fly ash, GGBS, Rice husk ash, Precipitated silica and Calcium chloride. By effective nanoparticle studies like SEM, EDAX, presence of silica, aluminum and magnesium proportion in each industrial waste is formulated. From the result of nanoparticle analysis novel silica combination prepared by composition of all those materials based on cementanious action mineral presence. In before studies one or two combinations only used as stabilizer but in this paper a new group bearing binder combination is designed and their behavior with chosen geo material and its respective engineering, strength and hydraulic properties is studied by Constantine combination proportion to 20% to weight of soil. Properties such as California bearing ratio (CBR), and North Dakota of the soils were determined with the addition of stabilizers. From the results engineering properties of the poor engineering graded soil were improved is clearly visualized. For the normal soil and effective result binder proportion, a comparison in finite element analysis using PLAXIS is carried out for footing study. Finally, the study showed that exact cementanious mineral combination from industrial waste could improve the geotechnical properties of highly inorganic soil.
In this paper, the effect of nickel doping on structural, optical and magnetic properties of ZnO: Ni particles synthesized by solvothermal route using microwave oven is investigated. XRD, SEM with ...EDAX, TEM and FTIR spectroscopy studies confirm the existence of single phase hexagonal wurtzite structure. UV–Vis spectroscopy shows a shift in band edge towards lower energy. PL spectroscopy measurements illustrate UV emission centered at 390 nm and red emission at 626 nm due to the near-band-edge (NBE) emission and defect related emission of ZnO respectively. VSM studies reveal that the super exchange interaction between the neighboring Ni2+ with Ni2+ ions is responsible for room temperature ferromagnetic behavior in our samples.
•Synthesis of Ni doped ZnO nanoparticles by solvothermal method.•The XRD spectra confirm the single crystalline nature of the prepared samples.•The intensity of PL measurements decreased with increasing the Ni concentration.•Room temperature ferromagnetism was observed in all the samples.•Optical and magnetic properties of doped ZnO nanoparticles are correlated well.
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