How did the individual human being become the focus of the contemporary
discourse on security? What was the role of the United Nations in
securing the individual? What are the payoffs and costs of ...this
extension of the concept? Neil MacFarlane and Yuen Foong Khong tackle these
questions by analyzing historical and contemporary debates about what is to be
secured. From Westphalia through the 19th century, the state's claim to be the
object of security was sustainable because it offered its subjects some measure of
protection. The state's ability to provide security for its citizens came under
heavy strain in the 20th century as a result of technological, strategic, and
ideological innovations. By the end of World War II, efforts to reclaim the security
rights of individuals gathered pace, as seen in the Universal Declaration of Human
Rights and a host of United Nations covenants and conventions. MacFarlane and Khong
highlight the UN's work in promoting human security ideas since the 1940s, giving
special emphasis to its role in extending the notion of security to include
development, economic, environmental, and other issues in the 1990s.
The article considers specificity of determination of national threats as prerequisites for formation of an integrated system of economic security at the national level. It is noted that the ...integrated system of economic security is a complex structure that includes various components that cover the main spheres of functioning of the national economy. It is defined that the growing complexity of the global geopolitical and economic environment increases the need to create an effective system for managing the country’s economic security. It is noted that the main advantage of the integrated system of economic security of the State is the possibility of its full consideration of fluctuations of the global economic system through careful analysis and monitoring of economic tendencies, changes in world trade or financial markets, and other key global factors. This becomes of particular importance in the view of the State adapting in a timely manner to changes in the global economic environment while ensuring its economic stability and security. The role of determination of national threats in formation of an integrated system of economic security is analyzed. The key factors influencing the economic security of the country, such as geopolitical location, natural resources, technological development, demographic situation, level of corruption, etc., are examined. It is found that the determination of national threats allows to identify the potential risks and vulnerabilities of the national economy. The principles of formation of strategic approaches and policy of ensuring economic security at the national level have been proposed. The peculiarities of introduction of integrated systems of economic security on the basis of determination of national threats are considered. The importance of studying national threats for the formation of an effective system of economic security is proved. The application of the analysis of determination of national threats for the development of strategies for ensuring stability and development of the national economy has been proposed.
The circumstances in which domestic subjects of economic activity try to function and achieve the goals of their existence are determined. In the conditions of traditional and new threats, there is a ...need to research approaches to strategic security-oriented management, which is designed to ensure continuous functioning and profitable operation of business structures, regardless of the influence of external and internal environmental challenges on this process. The purpose of the study is to establish the characteristics and formative features of active and passive strategies for managing the economic security of economic entities, to establish their suitability for use in war conditions and during the post-war recovery of Ukraine's economy. The methods of historical analysis, content analysis, synthesis, generalization and graphic visualization were used in the research process. As a result, it was possible to obtain a set of factors that determine the features of effective strategic management of the economic security of economic structures, such as: war and occupation, the spread of Industry 4.0 and 5.0 trends, the variability of state economic policy, convergence with EU countries, the global pandemic of COVID-19 and its consequences, BANI World as an external environment for the functioning of enterprises, institutions, and organizations. The characteristics of active and passive economic security management strategies at the micro level are identified, their distinguishing features are determined, and it is concluded that the most effective economic security management strategy for Ukrainian enterprises in the conditions of a full-scale war can be a strategy that combines individual characteristics of active and passive strategies – that is, a strategy of mixed type, which, among other things, will be characterized by adaptability, flexibility, integration with the general strategy and personnel policy of the business entity.
The article examines the evolutionary development of the concepts «security», «economic security» and «economic security of the enterprise». The types of internal and external threats are analyzed. ...The evolution and definition of the concept are considered, the components of economic security, risks and main goals of economic security of enterprises are derived. It was determined that the concept of «economic security» allows us to understand that modern enterprises, being in various situations, are forced to make risky decisions to prevent threats and dangers. The concept of «economic security of the enterprise» is characterized. It was determined that the economic security of the enterprise is an extremely deep concept. In the most general form, it can be characterized as the absence of various dangers and threats, which, obviously, is hardly possible in the world. The concept of economic security of enterprises is generalized and a more precise definition is given, where it is indicated that the economic security of an enterprise is a system that provides the possibility of preventing various threats and as a result of neutralizing these threats, it protects the economic interests of the enterprise and prevents losses above the critical limit.
The current state of economic security of horticultural enterprises in Ukraine, functioning in the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine, indicates the presence of a large number of internal and ...external threats that arise in the process of their financial and economic activities. Most horticultural enterprises have an insufficient level of economic security. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the algorithm of economic security management of horticultural enterprises of Ukraine. Methodology. During the study the following methods were used: analysis and synthesis (to critically comprehend the theoretical provisions of economic security); system analysis (to substantiate the economic security management system of horticultural enterprises and its subsystems); expert method (to determine the weights in the integral index of internal economic security of horticultural enterprise); methods of statistical (correlation and regression) analysis (to check the sensitivity of horticultural enterprises of Ukraine to changes in macroeconomic and other indicators); graphic and tabular methods (to visualize the results of the study). Results. The authors pay special attention to the presence of internal and external threats to the economic security of horticultural enterprises. The authors have developed a protocol for managing internal and external economic security of horticultural enterprises as a set of successive stages, which will ensure the achievement of the target level of economic security. The article substantiates the methodological approach to the assessment of internal economic security of horticultural enterprise on the basis of relative indicators, which are combined into five components. The article substantiates methodological approach to the assessment of external economic security of horticultural enterprise on the basis of four macro-indicators. Practical implications. The proposed protocol of economic security management of horticultural enterprise can be used as a technology of enterprise management to ensure its stable development. The proposed method for assessing internal and external economic security can be used by a horticultural enterprise. Value/originality. Improved the theoretical and applied bases of the study of economic security of agricultural enterprises on the example of horticultural enterprises. The methodological foundations of internal and external assessment of the economic security of enterprises were developed. The protocol of economic security management of horticultural enterprise is developed for the first time. The protocol includes interconnected and sequential stages and is adaptive to modern conditions of financial and economic activity of horticultural enterprises.
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