•We examine the dynamics of the entire distribution of green investment funds in relation to the COVID-19.•The impact of pandemic on green assets is positive and greater for negative returns.•Our ...main findings hold and are reinforced when we exclude the global financial and European sovereign debt crises.•We account for the broader macroeconomic environment (e.g., equity market volatility, long-term interest rates, breakeven inflation and oil prices).•We offer interesting insights in terms of investment and portfolio diversification.
This paper adopts quantile regressions to scrutinize the dynamics of green investment funds in relation to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. We use data on three of the largest green investment funds (BNP PARIBAS Funds Climate Impact, Nordea Global Climate & Environment, and AMUNDI Funds Global Ecology ESG), whose proceeds finance environmental-focused projects. We consider explicitly how different types of COVID-19 measures impact on these green assets. We show evidence that economic support due to COVID-19 has a positive effect on the green assets. The effect is especially strong when the returns are negative. We further report that strigency owing to the pandemic is also positively associated with green investment funds, but again, for negative returns. On the other hand, the effect of confirmed deaths is not as strong shows up mainly at lower quantiles. A similar results applies to infectious disease equity market volatility. We account for the broader macroeconomic environment and subject our models to a battery of sub-sample robustness checks. Our research offers interesting insights in terms of investment and portfolio diversification, that can be applied to the analysis of asset management and policy making.
This study focuses on the impact of confinement and economic support measures on the mental health of the older population (aged 50 and above) across twenty-five European countries and Israel. While ...studies evaluating the effect of confinement measures on mental health exist, they largely ignore the potentially offsetting effects of economic support measures. Moreover, previous findings on the effect of confinement measures are inconsistent, and many studies are based solely on cross-sectional designs. Using data from the Corona Survey wave (2020) of the Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), we leverage the date of interview information to vary individual exposure to different policy contexts within countries. Overall, we do not find support for the negative effect of confinement measures on older adults’ mental health. If anything, both confinement and support measures worked in tandem to soothe mental distress, resulting from the pandemic. The confinement effects, however, are contingent on age, potentially indicating that younger people are more likely to be negatively affected by lockdowns.
•Impact of confinement and economic support measures on the mental health.•variations in individual exposure to different policy contexts within countries.•No support for negative effect of confinement measures on mental health.•Economic support measures may compensate for the decline in the mental health.•Younger people are more likely to be negatively affected by lockdowns.
•Five factors are used to evaluate governments’ responses to the COVID-19 pandemic.•People’s satisfaction is closely related to confirmed cases and deaths per million.•Government policies are ...containment and health, stringency, and economic support.•Fourteen countries are analyzed by regression using wild bootstrap sampling.•East Asian and Western populations react differently to government pandemic responses.
This research scrutinizes the important factors influencing the satisfaction of citizens concerning their governments’ responses to the COVID-19 pandemic based on an open-sourced survey of 14 countries.
To collect information on public sentiment regarding governments’ reactions to COVID-19, we consider five factors for analysis: number of confirmed cases per million population, number of deaths per million population, and governments’ containment and health policies, stringency policies, and economic support policies. We examine the Kendall correlations of variables in the 14 countries and use the wild bootstrap method for regression models to find important regressors.
Our results show that people pay stronger attention to the results of their governments’ battle against COVID-19 (number of confirmed cases and deaths per million population) rather than to what policies they initiate. Health policy and economic support do influence the approval of any national response to COVID-19. We also find that public satisfaction in Japan and South Korea toward the two governments’ responses to the pandemic varies greatly compared to that of other countries’ citizens to their governments’ responses.
The results herein offer some suggestions to governments when initiating policies to balance public health, livelihoods, and economic support.
Background:
In Malawi, having multiple sexual partners and engaging in sexual intercourse without using condoms remain a sexual and reproductive health challenge among women. This has consequently ...increased morbidity and low productivity among women, especially in young women of the country. This paper examined the determinants of risky sexual behavioral practices among teen women in Malawi.
Methods:
The study used 2015-16 Malawi Demographic Health Survey with a weighted sample of 5263 women under 20 years. Both Bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were used to estimate factors influencing risky sexual behavioral practices among teen women.
Results:
The study found the existence of differential determinants to influence women’s conduct in having both multiple sexual partners and inability to use condom during subsequent sexual intercourses with partners other than spouses. For instance, education (complete primary, IRR=2.755, p<0.001 and complete secondary education, IRR=3.515, p< 0.001); teen motherhood status (IRR = 0.295, p< 0.001), unavailability of the health care services (IRR=1.043, p<0.05) among others positively determined having multiple sexual partners in Malawi among teen women. On the contrary, wealth status (medium, IRR=1.116, p<0.001; rich, IRR=1.194, p<0.001) reduced teen women’s behavior of not using a condom with partners other than spouses during sexual intercourse.
Conclusion:
The study asserts that in Malawi, there is an urgent need for advocacy programmes aimed at reducing sexual and reproductive health challenges among girls at primary school levels and upwards. Equipping the girls, at a community level, with basic knowledge and understanding about the dangers of practicing risky sexual behavior is fundamental for the enhancement of their socio-economic support.
One way to support sustainable development is to put concern on women empowerment. The role of women in a society is essential, yet often treated unfairly. This study focuses on looking at the ...aspects that can determine the success of entrepreneurship as a form of women entrepreneurship. Additionally, the effect of women entrepreneurship on social and economic well-being is also investigated. The study took a quantitative approach and employed a survey method on a total of 406 members of Setia Bhakti Wanita cooperative in Indonesia. STATA 14 statistical software was used to analyze the data. The results of this study indicate that access to micro-loans has the highest impact on women entrepreneurship (path coefficient 0.43), followed by social environment support (path coefficient 0.32), and entrepreneurial education (path coefficient 0.13). Furthermore, women entrepreneurs have a more favorable impact on economic well-being (path coefficient 0.93), as evidenced by better access to health service, than social well-being (path coefficient 0.89) that is shown from better social relationship with the nearest community. This study offers solid evidence-based recommendations for women’s empowerment in Indonesia using proper entrepreneur organization channels.
AcknowledgmentThe authors thank to Faculty of Economics and Business, Airlangga University, Indonesia and the Setia Bhakti Women Cooperative East Java Indonesia.
This article examines the set of modern tools that ensure regional development: methods, means, forms. It was determined that to ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of the formation and ...implementation of state policy, it is necessary to use economic, financial, organizational and informational tools. The component of economic regulation is analyzed and its importance for regional development is emphasized. The sequence of stages of implementation of the state regional development policy is considered.
We use data from the COME‐HERE longitudinal survey collected by the University of Luxembourg to assess the effects of the policy responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic on life satisfaction in France, ...Germany, Italy, Spain and Sweden over the course of 2020. Policy responses are measured by the Stringency Index and the Economic Support Index from the Blavatnik School of Government. Stringency is systematically associated with lower life satisfaction, controlling for the intensity of the pandemic itself. This stringency effect is larger for women, those with weak ties to the labor market, and in richer households. The effect of the Economic Support is never statistically different from zero.
The Swiss hotel industry in the first half of the 20th century was affected by two significant changes. On the one hand, the ageing of its infrastructures in a context of closure after the First ...World War led to a reflection on the renovation of its facilities. On the other hand, the evolution of practices towards a massification of tourism - particularly indigenous tourism - perceptible from the 1930s onwards made it necessary to rethink a model which had until then been built on a model of excellence intended for a fortunate foreign customer. The establishment of political support organisations, such as the Swiss National Tourist Office (SNTO) and the Swiss Hotel Credit Corporation (SHCC), played an essential role in regulating the Swiss hotel industry from 1921 onwards, firstly through protective measures aimed at stimulating the sector and limiting the arrival of new competitors on the domestic market, and secondly through the reorganisation of hotel companies that were in difficulty but nevertheless viable. The persistence of an unstable economic situation led, in the midst of the Second World War, to a more in-depth reflection on the meaning of the actions undertaken and aimed at maintaining a dynamic hotel sector with regard to new practices and the democratisation of leisure time and spaces.
It is increasingly recognized that policies have played a role in both alleviating and exacerbating the health and economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. There has been limited systematic ...evaluation of variation in U.S. local COVID-19-related policies. This study introduces the U.S. COVID-19 County Policy (UCCP) Database, whose objective is to systematically gather, characterize, and assess variation in U.S. county-level COVID-19-related policies.
In January-March 2021, we collected an initial wave of cross-sectional data from government and media websites for 171 counties in 7 states on 22 county-level COVID-19-related policies within 3 policy domains that are likely to affect health: (1) containment/closure, (2) economic support, and (3) public health. We characterized the presence and comprehensiveness of policies using univariate analyses. We also examined the correlation of policies with one another using bivariate Spearman's correlations. Finally, we examined geographical variation in policies across and within states.
There was substantial variation in the presence and comprehensiveness of county policies during January-March 2021. For containment and closure policies, the percent of counties with no restrictions ranged from 0% (for public events) to more than half for public transportation (67.8%), hair salons (52.6%), and religious gatherings (52.0%). For economic policies, 76.6% of counties had housing support, while 64.9% had utility relief. For public health policies, most were comprehensive, with 70.8% of counties having coordinated public information campaigns, and 66.7% requiring masks outside the home at all times. Correlations between containment and closure policies tended to be positive and moderate (i.e., coefficients 0.4-0.59). There was variation within and across states in the number and comprehensiveness of policies.
This study introduces the UCCP Database, presenting granular data on local governments' responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. We documented substantial variation within and across states on a wide range of policies at a single point in time. By making these data publicly available, this study supports future research that can leverage this database to examine how policies contributed to and continue to influence pandemic-related health and socioeconomic outcomes and disparities. The UCCP database is available online and will include additional time points for 2020-2021 and additional counties nationwide.
Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is the barrier for global TB elimination efforts with a lower treatment success rate. Loss to follow-up (LTFU) in DR-TB is a serious problem, causes mortality and ...morbidity for patients, and leads to wide spreading of DR-TB to their family and the wider community, as well as wasting health resources. Prevention and management of LTFU is crucial to reduce mortality, prevent further spread of DR-TB, and inhibit the development and transmission of more extensively drug-resistant strains of bacteria. A study about the factors associated with loss to follow-up is needed to develop appropriate strategies to prevent DR-TB patients become loss to follow-up. This study was conducted to identify the factors correlated with loss to follow-up in DR-TB patients, using questionnaires from the point of view of patients.
An observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted. Study subjects were all DR-TB patients who have declared as treatment success and loss to follow-up from DR-TB treatment. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information by interviewing the subjects as respondents. Obtained data were analyzed potential factors correlated with loss to follow-up in DR-TB patients.
A total of 280 subjects were included in this study. Sex, working status, income, and body mass index showed a significant difference between treatment success and loss to follow-up DR-TB patients with p-value of 0.013, 0.010, 0.007, and 0.006, respectively. In regression analysis, factors correlated with increased LTFU were negative attitude towards treatment (OR = 1.2; 95% CI = 1.1-1.3), limitation of social support (OR = 1.1; 95% CI = 1.0-1.2), dissatisfaction with health service (OR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.5-3.0)), and limitation of economic status (OR = 1.1; 95% CI = 1.0-1.2)).
Male patients, jobless, non-regular employee, lower income, and underweight BMI were found in higher proportion in LTFU patients. Negative attitude towards treatment, limitation of social support, dissatisfaction with health service, and limitation of economic status are factors correlated with increased LTFU in DR-TB patients. Non-compliance to treatment is complex, we suggest that the involvement and support from the combination of health ministry, labor and employment ministry, and social ministry may help to resolve the complex problems of LTFU in DR-TB patients.
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