Ljevica je danas na vlasti u deset država Latinske Amerike: Argentini, Boliviji, Brazilu, Ekvadoru, El Salvadoru, Gvatemali, Nikaragvi, Paragvaju, Urugvaju i Venezueli.
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Transnational migration is a controversial and much-discussed issue in both the popular media and the social sciences, but at its heart migration is about individual people making the difficult ...choice to leave their families and communities in hopes of achieving greater economic prosperity. Vicente Quitasaca is one of these people. In 1995 he left his home in the Ecuadorian city of Cuenca to live and work in New York City. This anthropological story of Vicente’s migration and its effects on his life and the lives of his parents and siblings adds a crucial human dimension to statistics about immigration and the macro impact of transnational migration on the global economy. Anthropologist Ann Miles has known the Quitasacas since 1989. Her long acquaintance with the family allows her to delve deeply into the factors that eventually impelled the oldest son to make the difficult and dangerous journey to the United States as an undocumented migrant. Focusing on each family member in turn, Miles explores their varying perceptions of social inequality and racism in Ecuador and their reactions to Vicente’s migration. As family members speak about Vicente’s new, hard-to-imagine life in America, they reveal how transnational migration becomes a symbol of failure, hope, resignation, and promise for poor people in struggling economies. Miles frames this fascinating family biography with an analysis of the historical and structural conditions that encourage transnational migration, so that the Quitasacas’ story becomes a vivid firsthand illustration of this growing global phenomenon.
Ecuador's "Good Living": Crises, Discourse, and Law by Gallegos-Anda, presents a critical approach towards the concept of Buen Vivir that was included in Ecuador's 2008 Constitution, presenting new ...inductive theories that analyse the context and power relations that forged it.
President Rafael Correa (2007-2017) led the Ecuadoran Citizens'
Revolution that claimed to challenge the tenets of neoliberalism
and the legacies of colonialism. The Correa administration promised
to ...advance Indigenous and Afro-descendant rights and redistribute
resources to the most vulnerable. In many cases, these promises
proved to be hollow. Using two decades of ethnographic research,
Undoing Multiculturalism examines why these intentions did
not become a reality, and how the Correa administration undermined
the progress of Indigenous people. A main complication was pursuing
independence from multilateral organizations in the context of
skyrocketing commodity prices, which caused a new reliance on
natural resource extraction. Indigenous, Afro-descendant, and other
organized groups resisted the expansion of extractive industries
into their territories because they threatened their livelihoods
and safety. As the Citizens' Revolution and other "Pink Tide"
governments struggled to finance budgets and maintain power, they
watered down subnational forms of self-government, slowed down land
redistribution, weakened the politicized cultural identities that
gave strength to social movements, and reversed other fundamental
gains of the multicultural era.
The traditional costumes worn by people in the Andes-women's
woolen skirts, men's ponchos, woven belts, and white felt
hats-instantly identify them as natives of the region and serve as
revealing ...markers of ethnicity, social class, gender, age, and so
on. Because costume expresses so much, scholars study it to learn
how the indigenous people of the Andes have identified themselves
over time, as well as how others have identified and influenced
them.
Costume and History in Highland Ecuador assembles for
the first time for any Andean country the evidence for indigenous
costume from the entire chronological range of prehistory and
history. The contributors glean a remarkable amount of information
from pre-Hispanic ceramics and textile tools, archaeological
textiles from the Inca empire in Peru, written accounts from the
colonial period, nineteenth-century European-style pictorial
representations, and twentieth-century textiles in museum
collections. Their findings reveal that several garments introduced
by the Incas, including men's tunics and women's wrapped dresses,
shawls, and belts, had a remarkable longevity. They also
demonstrate that the hybrid poncho from Chile and the rebozo from
Mexico diffused in South America during the colonial period, and
that the development of the rebozo in particular was more
interesting and complex than has previously been suggested. The
adoption of Spanish garments such as the pollera (skirt)
and man's shirt were also less straightforward and of more recent
vintage than might be expected.
In The CIA in Ecuador, Marc Becker draws on recently released US government surveillance documents on the Ecuadorian left to chart social movement organizing efforts during the 1950s. Emphasizing the ...competing roles of the domestic ruling class and grassroots social movements, Becker details the struggles and difficulties that activists, organizers, and political parties confronted. He shows how leftist groups, including the Communist Party of Ecuador, navigated disagreements over tactics and ideology, and how these influenced shifting strategies in support of rural Indigenous communities and urban labor movements. He outlines the CIA's failure to understand that the Ecuadorian left was rooted in local social struggles rather than being bankrolled by the Soviet Union. By decentering US-Soviet power struggles, Becker shows that the local patterns and dynamics that shaped the development of the Ecuadorian left could be found throughout Latin American during the cold war.
In 1956, a group of Waorani men killed five North American missionaries in Ecuador. The event cemented the Waorani's reputation as "wild Amazonian Indians" in the eyes of the outside world. It also ...added to the myth of the violent Amazon created by colonial writers and still found from academia to the state development agendas across the region. Victims and Warriors examines contemporary violence in the context of political and economic processes that transcend local events. Casey High explores how popular imagery of Amazonian violence has become part of Waorani social memory in oral histories, folklore performances, and indigenous political activism. As Amazonian forms of social memory merge with constructions of masculinity and other intercultural processes, the Waorani absorb missionaries, oil development, and logging depredations into their legacy of revenge killings and narratives of victimhood. High shows that these memories of past violence form sites of negotiation and cultural innovation, and thus violence comes to constitute a central part of Amazonian sociality, identity, and memory.
This book addresses the political ecology of the Ecuadorian petro-state since the turn of the century and contextualizes state-civil society relations in contemporary Ecuador to produce an analysis ...of oil and Revolution in twenty-first century Latin America. Ecuador's recent history is marked by changes in state-citizen relations: the election of political firebrand, Rafael Correa; a new constitution recognizing the value of pluriculturality and nature's rights; and new rules for distributing state oil revenues. One of the most emblematic projects at this time is the Correa administration's Revolucion Ciudadana, an oil-funded project of social investment and infrastructural development that claims to blaze a responsible and responsive path towards wellbeing for all Ecuadorians. The contributors to this book examine the key interventions of the recent political revolution-the investment of oil revenues into public works in Amazonia and across Ecuador; an initiative to keep oil underground; and the protection of the country's most marginalized peoples-to illustrate how new forms of citizenship are required and forged. Through a focus on Amazonia and the Waorani, this book analyzes the burdens and opportunities created by oil-financed social and environmental change, and how these alter life in Amazonian extraction sites and across Ecuador.
In Ecuador, as in all countries, archaeology and history play fundamental roles in defining national identity. Connecting with the prehistoric and historic pasts gives the modern state legitimacy and ...power. But the state is not the only actor that lays claim to the country’s archaeological patrimony, nor is its official history the only version of the story. Indigenous peoples are increasingly drawing on the past to claim their rights and standing in the modern Ecuadorian state, while the press tries to present a “neutral” version of history that will satisfy its various publics. This pathfinding book investigates how archaeological knowledge is used for both maintaining and contesting nation-building and state-hegemony in Ecuador. Specifically, Hugo Benavides analyzes how the pre-Hispanic site of Cochasquí has become a source of competing narratives of Native American, Spanish, and Ecuadorian occupations, which serve the differing needs of the nation-state and different national populations at large. He also analyzes the Indian movement itself and the recent controversy over the final resting place for the traditional monolith of San Biritute. Offering a more nuanced view of the production of history than previous studies, Benavides demonstrates how both official and resistance narratives are constantly reproduced and embodied within the nation-state’s dominant discourses.
