This paper analyzes demographic trends on Zadar islands in 20th century, with particular interest in the period after the Second World War. The Croatian islands have been emigrational areas for over ...a century, but the emigration intensified considerably after the war, and later on coupled with constant natural decrease the islands started experiencing depopulation that has continued until today. The aim of this paper is to establish the intensity of depopulation on Zadar islands and determine which settlements and islands are the most threatened by extinction. The analysis was made by comparing several selected indicators and it included 16 islands and 57 settlements. The results showed that the most threatened were the remoter islands, regardless of their size, with poor traffic connections to the mainland.
U ovom radu prikazuje se povijest nastanka i rada Hrvatskoga narodnoga vijeća u redovima hrvatske političke emigracije. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na povijest hrvatske političke emigracije poslije ...završetka Drugoga svjetskoga rata, nastanak različitih političkih pokreta i organizacija, kao i njihove međustranačke odnose. Rad također tematizira političke događaje 70–ih godina prošloga stoljeća u Domovini, kada je državno vodstvo u Jugoslaviji s Titom na čelu smijenilo vodstvo Centralnoga komiteta saveza komunista republike Hrvatske. Među najpoznatijim sudionicima kulturno–političkoga pokreta, kako su još zvali Hrvatsko proljeće, bili su Savka Dabčević Kučar, Miko Tripalo, a među studentima Dražen Budiša i Ivan Zvonimir Čičak. Oni, kao i brojni drugi, osuđeni su na zatvorske kazne, a staroj hrvatskoj instituciji Matici hrvatskoj bio je zabranjen rad. Također se u radu opisuju reakcije hrvatske političke emigracije na nastale političke promjene u Hrvatskoj.
At the end of WW II, Croatian emigrés found themselves to be divided and in the midst of organizational chaos due to political circumstances and the final outcome of the war. Three decades hence, an uncompromising battle raged between the two greatest and most influential political groups among Croatian emigrés. On one side, there was the Croatian Peasant Party (Hrvatska seljačka stranka or HSS), the oldest Croatian political party in the diaspora whose leaders and members upheld the politics of their founder, Stjepan Radić. On the other side was the Croatian Liberation Movement (Hrvatski oslobodilački pokret or HOP), founded by high–ranking officials and members of the armed forces of the failed Independent State of Croatia. Weary of confrontation among the various groups, Croatian emigrés addressed the necessity of developing a single powerful supra–party organization which , united and strong, would defend and promote the idea throughout the world that the Croatian people have a right to their own state. In 1971, the collapse of the Croatian Spring in the Homeland generated a tremendous reaction among Croats abroad and revived again the need for an organization which would unite all Croatian emigrés and take action throughout the world to promote the idea of liberty and democracy for the Croatian people. In a short space of time, extensive preparations were made and thus the Croatian National Council (Hrvatsko narodno vijeće or HNV) was established in 1974 at its inaugural meeting in Toronto. In the wake of democratic changes in Southeast Europe and in Yugoslavia, the leaders of the HNV gave their full backing to the new democratic parties founded in Croatia. Following the declaration of Croatian independence, the HNV ceased to exist, this being a sign of support and acknowledgement to the newly established democratic government of the Republic of Croatia.
In the post-war socialist Yugoslavia political and/or economic situation has become unacceptable for part of the population. Since legal emigration from Croatia was not allowed, the number of illegal ...immigrants increased since the end of World War II. The article deals with this group of migrants using the comparative analysis of original archival materials and available literature in the period from 1945 to 1961 when the state began to gradually open the border. Mostly young people, under 25 years of age, immigrated illegally, mainly for economic reasons, and this was associated with a tradition of emigration, especially in the coastal region. In addition to the poor economic situation, people also emigrated for political reasons, then for adventure, to avoid serving in the Yugoslav People’s Army or to escape from the law for committing criminal offenses. They were fleeing by land or by sea, which was much more successful. Usually the first destinations of the immigrants were Italy, Austria and Germany, from where the majority of them moved to overseas countries. Most people fled the districts of Rijeka, Pula, Zagreb, Zadar, Šibenik and Split that existed at that time so that 74% of all illegal immigrants came from them. The runaways were mostly workers, followed by farmers, vocational school students, public servants, pupils and students, sailors and craftsmen. According to gender, there were many more men than women among the runaways, most of whom were unmarried. The authorities were trying to prevent the escape abroad by methods of controlling the border and prison sentences, but also by the attempts to ensure better living conditions in the affected areas. As these measures had not yielded the desired results, but also due to the beginning of the economic crisis and the appearance of unemployment, the authorities liberalized emigration procedures and opened the borders to immigrants which resulted in a new wave of economic emigration.
After escape from Zagreb on May 6th 1945 Vladko Maček found himself in lifelong emigration, firstly in Paris, and than in the USA. From 1946 he started the correspondence with prince Paul ...Karadjordjević, who was kept in a confinement in South Africa, till 1948. In Maček’s letters one can find information on some aspects of political actions of the emigrants from Yugoslavia after WWII, about his personal political views (both on global and Yugoslav political situation, first of all anticommunism), as well as some details about Maček’s personal life. From the letters it is obvious that Maček more appreciated the communication and exchange of thoughts with Dragiša Cvetković and Prince Paul than with the political men who conducted coup d’etat of March 27 and majority of whom also spent the rest of their lives as emigrants. Mutual understanding between those who reached the Agreement in 1939 (Maček, Cvetković, prince Paul) remained unblured in the emigration.
Pričujoči članek predstavi usodo skoraj 20.000 judovskih beguncev v Šanghaju v času Tretjega rajha. Šanghajski eksil je edinstven zaradi dejstva, da so judovski begunci v mednarodne enklave lahko ...vstopili brez vizuma do jeseni leta 1939. V najbolj kritičnem letu 1938 je bil zaradi nevtralne drže mednarodnih enklav Šanghaj edini kraj na svetu, kamor so Judje lahko vstopili brez vizuma, zato je bilo priseljevanje v tem letu največje. Članek obravnava tudi življenjske razmere beguncev v okupiranem Šanghaju, politiko Japonske do Judov in ob koncu osvetljuje ozadje razglasitve šanghajskega geta v japonski četrti Hongkou.
Hrvatska književnost doživjela je završetkom Drugoga svjetskoga rata 1945. veliki politički prijelom i, nedvojbeno, duhovni lom. Znatan dio književnika zbog političkih je razloga emigrirao nastavivši ...književni život u inozemstvu. Godine 1947. pokrenut je pod patronatom hrvatskih franjevaca u Buenos Airesu list Glas Sv. Antuna. Glavni urednik bio je književnik Ivo Lendić. Osim vjerskih i političkih tekstova, list je objavljivao i književne: poeziju, kratku prozu, esej, književni prikaz i književnu kritiku pa je pojava takva glasila samo dvije godine nakon završetka rata značila idejno-duhovni kontrapunkt književnosti u tadašnjoj Hrvatskoj u kojoj su književnici bili pod snažnim političkim pritiskom u ime jugoslavenske ideje i komunističke ideologije. Cilj je ovoga članka evidentirati osnovne činjenice s obzirom na autorstvo i broj književnih priloga prema vrstama i žanrovima, istaknuti umjetničkim i drugima značajkama važnije među njima te utvrditi književnu relevantnost Glasa Sv. Antuna koji je tada imao ulogu reprezentanta jedne književne generacije u emigraciji, čija su djela izrazito obilježena domoljubnim duhom i kršćanskim univerzalizmom.
Martina Bofulin offers a fine-grained analysis of complex relationships, practices and representations of Chinese migrants from Qingtian who live in Slovenia, but maintain active and manifold ties ...with their place of origin in southeast China as well as with friends and family living in Europe and beyond. Through her intensive multi-sited ethnographic research she reveals the opportunities and constraints at both ends of migration process that shape the everyday experiences of this group. The book ('Home and away: Chinese migration to Slovenia') goes beyond the mechanistic explanations of migration pull and push factors and describes a complex mix of migration regimes, discursive spaces, forms of consumption, family practices and individual imaginations blurring the line between home and away.
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