O direito de todos à educação e à igualdade de oportunidades de sucesso escolar reclamam das escolas práticas que promovam a aprendizagem de todos, em linha com princípios de justiça social. Tendo ...esta problemática por referência, foi realizado um estudo que responde às seguintes perguntas: Que indicadores de justiça social norteiam políticas do sistema educativo português? Que efeitos têm sido identificados nestas políticas pela avaliação externa das escolas? Que condições facilitam e que condições dificultam a implementação dessas práticas orientadas para a justiça social? A análise de conteúdo de documentos legislativos, de respostas de Diretores de Escolas a um questionário e de relatórios de avaliação externa de escolas permitiu concluir que as políticas apontam para uma justiça orientada pelos seguintes indicadores: equidade; reconhecimento e valorização da diversidade; inclusão; envolvimento dos pais ou encarregados de educação e da comunidade educativa; oportunidades de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento pessoal; acesso a recursos. Na sua concretização, o indicador “equidade”, muitas vezes associado a “inclusão”, é o mais presente e muitas vezes apontado como ponto forte. O estudo permitiu também reconhecer adesão dos diretores de escolas às políticas, embora enunciando dificuldades na sua concretização
The results of a research whose objective was to analyze the relationship between certain personality traits -such as responsibility and openness to experience-, self-efficacy and achievement ...motivation, as psychological factors linked to the continuity of university students belonging to a Program of Access and Accompaniment to Higher Education (In Spanish PACE) are presented. By means of a quantitative methodology, and a sample of 279 students belonging to this program, a logistic regression model was proposed that allowed concluding that Responsibility, Openness to Experience, Self-Efficacy and Achievement Motivation respectively act as predictors of the continuity of studies of these students. These results deepen in the personal environment of this type of students, providing background of interest for the psychological orientation they receive as part of the program in their stage of accompaniment and preparation in secondary education (PEM).
We study whether the quality of the first job is lower for professional Asian nationals than for non-Asian nationals in the USA. With over a million professionals from Asia entering the US labor ...market in the past decade, a potential under placement may be both inefficient and discriminatory. We collected data on all newly hired assistant professors of management in research-intensive (R1) universities in the USA between 2010 and 2021. We focus on the quality of the university into which first hires are placed and examine whether first-job placement quality is lower for individuals who were born in East, South and Southeast Asia. We find that the quality and quantity of publication record are positively related to the quality of the placement and that Asian nationals have higher performance. However, Asian nationals are placed at lower-quality universities relative to their peers. Further, Asian nationals require a strong performance signal, in the form of first or second authorship on a publication to narrow the placement gap. Our results are explained by a combination of direct bias against applicants of Asian nationality and a requirement of a higher performance “burden of proof” from these applicants, compared to peers who are non-Asian nationals.
Although economic inequality has increased over the last few decades, support for redistributive policies is not widely accepted by the public. In this paper, we examine whether attitudes towards ...redistribution are a product of both perceptions of, and beliefs about, inequality. Specifically, we argue that the association between perceived inequality and support for redistribution varies by beliefs that justify inequality. We investigated this hypothesis in a cross‐cultural/country sample (N = 56,021 from 41 countries) using two different operationalizations of support for redistribution and two distinct beliefs that justify inequality. As hypothesized, the perceived size of the income gap correlated positively with believing that it is the government's responsibility to reduce inequality among those who rejected beliefs that justify inequality, whereas there was no association for those who endorsed these beliefs. Similarly, perceived economic inequality correlated positively with support for progressive taxation, but this association was weaker among those who endorsed meritocratic and equal opportunity beliefs. Together, these results demonstrate that ideologies influence the relationship between perceived inequality and attitudes towards redistribution, and that support for redistribution varies by how the policy is framed.
ABSTRACT
Numerous studies use quantitative measures to evaluate retention, advancement, and success in academic settings. Such approaches, however, present challenges for evaluating the lived ...experiences of academics. Here, we present a qualitative thematic analysis of self‐reports of positive and negative experiences that occurred while conducting academic field research. Twenty‐six semistructured interviews highlighted two central themes: (1) variability in clarity of appropriate professional behavior and rules at fieldsites, and (2) access, or obstacles therein, to professional resources and opportunity. In some instances, respondent narratives recalled a lack of consequences for violations of rules governing appropriate conduct. These violations included harassment and assault, and ultimately disruptions to career trajectories. A heuristic construct of a traffic light describing Red, Yellow, and Green experiences illustrates the ramifications of this distribution of clarity and access within fieldsite contexts. These results extend the findings from our previously reported Survey of Academic Field Experiences (SAFE) about the climates and contexts created and experienced in field research settings. Moreover, this study addresses specific tactics, such as policies, procedures, and paradigms that fieldsite directors and principal investigators can implement to improve field experiences and better achieve equal opportunity in field research settings. work environment, gender, field experiences, harassment
RESUMEN
Numerosos estudios usan medidas cuantitativas para evaluar la retención, el ascenso y el éxito en ámbitos académicos. Tales aproximaciones, sin embargo, presentan retos para evaluar las experiencias vividas por los académicos. Aquí presentamos un análisis temático cualitativo de los autoreportes de experiencias positivas y negativas que ocurrieron mientras conducían investigación de campo académica. Veintiséis entrevistas semiestructuradas destacaron dos temas centrales: (1) variabilidad en la claridad de la conducta profesional apropiada y las reglas de los sitios de campo, y (2) acceso, u obstáculos en él, a la oportunidad y los recursos profesionales. En algunas instancias, las narrativas de los respondedores recordaron una falta de consecuencias por las violaciones a las reglas que rigen la conducta apropiada. Estas violaciones incluyeron acoso y asalto, y finalmente disrupciones en las trayectorias de sus carreras. Un constructo heurístico de un semáforo que describe las experiencias de Rojo, Amarillo, y Verde ilustra las ramificaciones de esta distribución de claridad y acceso dentro de los contextos de los sitios de campo. Estos resultados extienden los hallazgos de nuestra Encuesta de las Experiencias de Campo Académicas (SAFE) previamente reportada acerca de los climas y contextos creados y experimentados en entornos de investigación de campo. Adicionalmente, este estudio aborda tácticas específicas, tales como políticas, procedimientos y paradigmas que los directores de sitios de campo e investigadores principales pueden implementar para mejorar las experiencias de campo y lograr de mejor manera la igualdad de oportunidades en sitios de investigación de campo. ambiente de trabajo, género, experiencias de campo, acoso
This paper is based on an externally-funded research project on women’s roles and contributions in fisheries conducted in Northern England in 2010. The research focuses on the key roles played by the ...women involved in fisheries in this region of the country, aiming to help promote the equality and participation of women in the industry by contributing to policy making with independent evidences. The paper analyses some of the major roles played by women and their contribution in four selected sectors: capture fishing, families and communities, trading, processing and management/administration. It identifies the main issues and barriers which prevent women from equal treatment and full participation in the industry and from a more effective involvement in policy making in the country. The paper also presents and analyses women’s strong wish for change with suggestions for policy reform.
► This paper accesses women’s roles in fisheries, drawing on a study in Northern England. ► Fishing; families/communities; trading; processing; management/admin are covered. ► Women are found often engaged in ‘invisible’ and unpaid work in fisheries. ► Women are key in diversifying family business in addition to traditional roles. ► Women are getting more politically involved in fishing communities.
The Journal for Urban Mathematics Education editorial team is responsible for deciding which manuscripts will be published, with guidance from the editorial board and external reviewers. In the ...present editorial, we provide readers, authors, and other editors an overview of the critical elements of editorial ethics that guide the Journal for Urban Mathematics Education: (1) Publication Decisions, (2) Peer review, (3) Equal Opportunity, (4) Neutrality, (5) Journal Metrics, (6) Confidentiality, and (7) Editorial Independence. Using these elements as our foundation, we hope to become the standard for equity and excellence in editorial ethics. In this editorial, we unpack these key elements and how the journal handles each, and we conclude with ten considerations for newly appointed editors.
How much does self-interest drive Americans’ policy attitudes? Survey research typically finds that self-interest’s role is minimal. Such conclusions are typically reached by examining attitudes ...toward federal policies that present diffuse costs and low stakes. We consider a starker test case of self-interest: controversies surrounding development of dense and affordable housing in Americans’ communities. Liberal homeowners, especially, must cope with dissonance between their egalitarian ideology and a desire to protect their home values and quality of life. They often embrace liberal housing goals and redistributive housing policies but join conservatives in opposing dense housing in their own communities. Two survey experiments show that liberal homeowners are cross-pressured and barely more likely than conservative homeowners to support dense housing development. Messages appealing to homeowners’ self-interest reduce support further, while countervailing appeals about housing’s benefits to low- and middle-income families barely offset the negative effect. We discuss implications for the politics of equal opportunity at the state and local level.
Although everyone has the potential to be misled by false information, online misinformation is not an equal opportunity aggressor. Some of us are more likely to believe misinformation than are ...others and serve as vectors by sharing it on social media. To effectively combat misinformation on social media, it is crucial to understand the underlying factors that lead certain people to believe and share false and misleading content online. A growing body of research has tackled this issue by investigating who is susceptible to online misinformation and under what circumstances. This literature can help shape future research and interventions to address health misinformation. We provide a brief overview of what we know about who is susceptible and what we still have to learn.
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