ABSTRACT
In this article, I look at “imperial formations” rather than at empire per se to register the ongoing quality of processes of decimation, displacement, and reclamation. Imperial formations ...are relations of force, harboring political forms that endure beyond the formal exclusions that legislate against equal opportunity, commensurate dignities, and equal rights. Working with the concept of imperial formation, rather than empire per se, the emphasis shifts from fixed forms of sovereignty and its denials to gradated forms of sovereignty and what has long marked the technologies of imperial rule—sliding and contested scales of differential rights. Imperial formations are defined by racialized relations of allocations and appropriations. Unlike empires, they are processes of becoming, not fixed things. Not least they are states of deferral that mete out promissory notes that are not exceptions to their operation but constitutive of them: imperial guardianship, trusteeships, delayed autonomy, temporary intervention, conditional tutelage, military takeover in the name of humanitarian works, violent intervention in the name of human rights, and security measures in the name of peace.
Scientific literature has focused on the constraints that Roma women have faced to overcome the racism and inequalities that they and the Roma people as a whole have su ered. However, less attention ...has been paid to how Roma women organize to challenge this reality. Drawing on a qualitative case study about the Roma Association of Women Drom Kotar Mestipen (Barcelona) and specifically on the analysis of one of its activities, the 'Roma women student gatherings' (known as 'Trobades' in Catalan), this article contributes evidence to show how Roma women are fighting to improve their own living conditions and those of their people by organizing at the grassroots level. The communicative analysis reveals the impacts that these gatherings have on the individual and societal levels. First, the gatherings have impacts on the individual level, as many of the women who participate in them are exposed to and embrace new educational projects, thus acquiring more skills to be better prepared to later access the labor market. Second, their impact is also evidenced on the societal level, as the gatherings enhance Roma women's associational life, resulting in new mobilizations and often making women who were once in the shadows become community leaders.
Fairness and Gini decomposition Moramarco, Domenico
Economics letters,
December 2023, 2023-12-00, Letnik:
233
Journal Article
Recenzirano
We propose a new decomposition of the Gini coefficient that nests a structuralist and an individualistic definition of unfair inequality, as well as ex ante and ex post measures of inequality of ...opportunity. We illustrate the decomposition on Belgian data, highlighting the source of a consistent difference between these views about unfair inequality.
•Opportunity egalitarian framework: income increasing in effort and circumstances.•I propose a nine-term decomposition of the Gini coefficient.•I derive indexes of ex ante and ex post unequal opportunities.•Unfair inequality is also measured according to individualistic and structuralist views.•Belgian data reveals room for new principles to define unfair inequalities.
Research into the role of economic deprivation in explaining cross-national homicide rates - data from 148 countries - whether inequality and poverty have consistent impacts across the entire ...homicide distribution - results indicate that inequality and homicide have a positive relationship, however poverty is only related to homicide in countries with lower homicide rates - discussion in the context of strain theory., Research into the role of economic deprivation in explaining cross-national homicide rates – data from 148 countries – whether inequality and poverty have consistent impacts across the entire homicide distribution – results indicate that inequality and homicide have a positive relationship, however poverty is only related to homicide in countries with lower homicide rates – discussion in the context of strain theory.
In this article, we address the broad issue of a responsible use of Artificial Intelligence in Human Resources Management through the lens of a fair-by-design approach to algorithm development ...illustrated by the introduction of a new machine learning-based approach to job matching. The goal of our algorithmic solution is to improve and automate the recruitment of temporary workers to find the best match with existing job offers. We discuss how fairness should be a key focus of human resources management and highlight the main challenges and flaws in the research that arise when developing algorithmic solutions to match candidates with job offers. After an in-depth analysis of the distribution and biases of our proprietary data set, we describe the methodology used to evaluate the effectiveness and fairness of our machine learning model as well as solutions to correct some biases. The model we introduce constitutes the first step in our effort to control for unfairness in the outcomes of machine learning algorithms in job recruitment, and more broadly a responsible use of artificial intelligence in Human Resources Management thanks to “safeguard algorithms” tasked to control for biases and prevent discriminatory outcomes.
Objetivos: en primer lugar, profundizar en el conocimiento, la percepción y la evaluación que la comunidad universitaria (profesorado y estudiantado) hace de la incorporación y la presencia de la ...perspectiva de género y LGBTI+ en la docencia de los estudios de grado de la Facultad de Información y Medios Audiovisuales de la Universitat de Barcelona, y, en segundo lugar, fomentar la incorporación de la perspectiva de género en las asignaturas de los grados a través del diseño y desarrollo de instrumentos y materiales docentes conjuntamente con el profesorado.
Metodología: es una investigación de acción participativa, destinada a favorecer la reflexión crítica y la transformación social desde las aulas. La recopilación de datos se ha realizado mediante ocho grupos focales con alumnado y profesorado, la observación participante y un taller participativo de creación de materiales docentes con el profesorado.
Resultados: existe una preocupación generalizada por la incorporación de la perspectiva de género, aunque se encuentran barreras importantes a la hora de llevarla a cabo. En el profesorado, las barreras están principalmente relacionadas con la falta de formación o de reconocimiento institucional, mientras que el estudiantado valora y agradece la incorporación de la perspectiva de género, pero sigue observando limitaciones importantes y demanda una introducción más decidida y transversal.
This study provides comparable lower-bound estimates of inequality of opportunity for tertiary education (EIOp) for 31 countries in Europe, by using the two EU-SILC waves for which information on ...family background is available (2005 and 2011). The results reveal an important degree of heterogeneity, with Northern European countries showing low levels of inequality of opportunity and Mediterranean and Eastern European countries characterized by significant degrees of unfair educational inequalities. Parental education and occupation are the most relevant circumstances in the great majority of the countries considered. This study also exploits the two point-in-time observations available and analyses the relationship between some country-specific characteristics and inequality of opportunity in tertiary education. The analysis documents a negative association between EIOp and real GDP per capita, possibly indicating that higher equality of opportunity in tertiary education and economic growth are complementary objectives. Two results emerge as especially robust: in all the specifications we find a positive association between EIOp and the students/teacher ratio, and a negative one between EIOp and public spending in tertiary education. While we do not claim that such correlations should be interpreted causally, we think that they might indicate a meaningful underlying relationship between equality of opportunity in tertiary education and the availability of financial and non-financial resources.
This book moves the discussion of affirmative action beyond the United States to other countries that have had similar policies, often for a longer time than Americans have. It also moves the ...discussion beyond the theories, principles, and laws that have been so often debated to the actual empirical consequences of affirmative action in the United States and in India, Nigeria, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, and other countries. Both common patterns and national differences are examined. Much of what emerges from a factual examination of these policies flatly contradicts much of what was expected and much of what has been claimed.
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