This paper explores why leadership, especially senior leadership in British organizations, is persistently nearly always white. The paper contends that beneath the veneer of our apparent commitment ...to equal opportunities, primitive often unconscious factors operate to ensure that leadership remains white, thus reproducing a racial hierarchy in the workplace. It argues that the barriers to black and minority ethnic people getting appointed to leadership positions in organizations today are largely invisible and are hidden within the psyches of decision makers, the cultures of white organizations, and their combined impact on the confidence of black and minority ethnic staff.
MARTA Service Cuts in Hotlanta Rankin, Nicolas R.; Johnson, Glenn S.; Dejanes, Robert B. ...
Race, gender & class (Towson, Md.),
07/2015, Letnik:
22, Številka:
3-4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
We are faced with critical transportation issues in our metropolitan cities. Transportation provides access to opportunity and serves as a key component in addressing poverty, unemployment, and equal ...opportunity goals. Transportation equity is about access, opportunity, and fairness. Atlanta is experiencing transportation racism/transportation discrimination in its decision-making process of MARTA service cuts. Americans must invest in public transportation to assist us in reducing our dependence on imported oil. Atlanta, Georgia ranks as the 40th largest city in the United States and the sixth largest in the southeastern region. Over the last three decades, Atlanta’s metropolitan population has increased to over three million people. Hotlanta has become a very popular city to host conventions which attracts over three million attendees/visitors for these conventions. However, a very good transportation system is needed to allow these tourists to have mobility while they are visiting the city for conferences. Surprisingly, in 2012 Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) is cutting bus services and increasing their fares due to projections that sales tax revenues will increase the $30 million short fall in the next five years. The sales tax is MARTA’s main source of funding. This means the agency will have to make cuts to ensure it has the $40 million in operation reserves required by law. MARTA can only spend half of the sales tax revenues on operations. This article uses the regime theory and the environmental justice framework to examine MARTA’s service cuts in Atlanta. The authors use a transportation equity analysis to examine the MARTA service cuts on transit-dependent riders. The authors reviewed several newspaper articles, journal articles, reports, and websites on MARTA’s transportation equity issues. A survey was conducted on transit riders to see how transit-dependent riders feel about MARTA’s service cuts. The authors offer recommendations on how MARTA can maintain services without increasing their fares.
Although more than 60,000 workers formally charge their employers with unlawful sex or race employment discrimination annually, fewer than one in five charges results in outcomes favorable to the ...complainant. Building on sociolegal and organizational theory, this study examines how employing organizations avoid unfavorable discrimination-charge outcomes. Using EEO-1 establishment reports matched to discrimination charge data provided by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, I assess the effect of employers' legal experience, resources, and indicators of legal compliance on the likelihood that complainants receive favorable charge outcomes, benefits, monetary settlements, and policy change mandates. In general, I find that legal experience, establishment size, and indicators of legal compliance insulate employers from unfavorable charge outcomes. However, in situations where employers are willing to settle claims, legally experienced establishments are more likely to pay monetary damages and receive mandates to change their workplace policies.
This article analyzes the criteria for the distribution of healthcare services through different justice theories such as utilitarianism and liberalism, pointing out the problems that arise when ...providing services to a culturally diverse population. The international epidemiological setting is a favorable one for discussing personal responsibility and luck egalitarianism; however, some provisions have to be made so that healthcare institutions do not treat ethnic, cultural, religious, and linguistic minorities unfairly. The article concludes by proposing that accommodations and culturally sensible attention should be provided when possible, without affecting the equal opportunity of others to access these services.
Adam Swift objects to private schools on the grounds of equal opportunity and efficiency, and to both private and selective public schools on the grounds of solidarity and improving the academic ...achievement of less advantaged students. I argue that private schools are not inefficient, and that a meritocratic ideal of equality of opportunity in K-12 contexts is either inapplicable or undesirable. Swift’s objection that private school students unfairly ‘jump the queue’ is based on envy. Enforcing a queue by blocking extra parental investment in their children’s education would be inefficient and unjustly burden people who value education highly. Nor do the educational interests of the less advantaged always justify restrictions on selective schools. However, Swift’s solidarity objection against selective public schools is sound. I develop this objection in the context of ideals of democracy and equal citizenship.
Coronial law and practice inevitably impact upon the human rights of those affected by deaths. It is important that such rights be incorporated in how death investigations, up to and including ...coronial inquests, take place. This article explores the significant impact of the jurisprudence emanating from the European Court of Human Rights, as well as the application of such law by the courts of the United Kingdom and potentially in other countries. It argues that viewing the work of coroners through the lens of human rights is a constructive approach and that, although in the coronial legislation of Australia and New Zealand, many human rights, especially those of family members, and civil liberties are explicitly protected, there remain real advantages in reflecting upon compliance with human rights by death investigation procedures and decision-making.
This article examines employee perceptions of the implementation of a local authority race equality plan in the United Kingdom. It explores the way in which the changed landscape of local authorities ...in the 1990s affected the implementation of race equality policies. We seek to shed light on black and ethnic minority people's experiences of their treatment within organizations in the context of the appearance of 'institutional racism' on the UK public agenda. We do so whilst recognizing the complex interplay of race and gender in perceptions and experiences of organizational inequalities. The analysis focuses on employee perceptions of the culture of the authority and of the performance, ownership and efficacy of the race equality plan. The article highlights the importance of exploring and understanding workforce perceptions of equal opportunities policies.
This article illustrates the historic relationship between the Brown v. Board of Education decision and the school choice movement. It will discuss the immediate push back to Brown particularly from ...Southern states that were resistant to desegregating public schools; a move that would provide African-American parents with educational choice for their children. Within the United States Congress 101 members, most from formerly Confederate states, drafted what is commonly known as the Southern Manifesto intent on reversing the Court's decision and urging states to defy the law. Sixty years after the signing of the Southern Manifesto, there is still a coalition pushing for "freedom of choice," this time with a sincere interest in the well-being of students trapped in the nation's lowest-performing schools and a mandate for equal opportunity, racial, ethnic, and gender equality.
In the 1930s, the French Third Republic banned naturalized citizens from careers in law and medicine for up to ten years after they had obtained French nationality. In 1940, the Vichy regime ...permanently expelled all lawyers and doctors born of foreign fathers and imposed a 2 percent quota on Jews in both professions. On the basis of extensive archival research, Julie Fette shows inExclusionsthat doctors and lawyers themselves, despite their claims to embody republican virtues, persuaded the French state to enact this exclusionary legislation. At the crossroads of knowledge and power, lawyers and doctors had long been dominant forces in French society: they ran hospitals and courts, doubled as university professors, held posts in parliament and government, and administered justice and public health for the nation. Their social and political influence was crucial in spreading xenophobic attitudes and rendering them more socially acceptable in France.
Fette traces the origins of this professional protectionism to the late nineteenth century, when the democratization of higher education sparked efforts by doctors and lawyers to close ranks against women and the lower classes in addition to foreigners. The legislatively imposed delays on the right to practice law and medicine remained in force until the 1970s, and only in 1997 did French lawyers and doctors formally recognize their complicity in the anti-Semitic policies of the Vichy regime. Fette's book is a powerful contribution to the argument that French public opinion favored exclusionary measures in the last years of the Third Republic and during the Holocaust.
Examines the notion of 'equality of opportunity' with regard to social background, autonomy, and 'equality of outcome.' Implications for theorizing on egalitarianism are discussed. References. ...Adapted from the source document.
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