Europska unija je prije svega zajednica vrijednosti u kojoj su se sve njezine punopravne članice obvezale da prihvaćaju najviše standarde u području temeljnih sloboda, ljudskih prava i demokracije. ...Proklamiranjem zajedničkih europskih vrijednosti kao najvažnijeg čimbenika suživota njenih građana postavljena je tema europske dimenzije obrazovanja u javni, znanstveni i stručni diskurs zemalja članica Europske unije. Koncept europske razine obrazovanja obuhvaća očuvanje nacionalnih interesa, integriteta i autonomije školskih sustava, ali i potragu za zajedničkim sadržajima i vrijednostima koje podupiru europsko zajedništvo i europski identitet u kontekstu zajedničke europske obrazovne politike. Od hrvatskoga odgojno-obrazovnog sustava u tom kontekstu očekuje se da osigura obrazovanje u kojemu će opći razvoj pojedinca, promatran iz europskog motrišta, biti usmjeren prema stjecanju znanja, vještina i stavova potrebnih za suočavanje s izazovima suživota u multikulturalnoj Europi te osposobljavanje mladih za očuvanje odrednica vlastitog identiteta i kulturnog nasljeđa, uz istovremeno prihvaćanje građanske odgovornosti za izgradnju europskoga demokratskog društva.
Despite a growing interest in the influence of religion on economic growth, research on how religion influences an individual's decision for entrepreneurship/self-employment is limited. Our study ...examines this largely unexplored association between religion and entrepreneurship using multi-level modeling. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to use the latest wave 7 of the World Values Survey (51 countries) and the joint World Values Survey and European Values Study Survey (81 countries) dataset from 2017 to 2021 to examine this association. We also examine gender differences in entrepreneurship across different regions. Besides religious denominations, our study examines several other individual and country-level determinants of entrepreneurship such as age, education, ethics such as hard work and the corruption index. Our main findings illustrate that while belonging to some religions is conducive to becoming an entrepreneur/self-employed, this is not the case for all religions. Further, notable gender differences can be found in terms of entrepreneurship. Among the different religions, Muslim females have a lower likelihood of being self-employed. Our study provides key policy insights.
In an international system that is tending towards greater anarchy and polarity, the EU is committed to inclusive cooperation formulas that ensure and correctly export the European political and ...social system, which is characterised by the safeguarding of basic freedoms and normative principles. While these aspects are being defended in the European Union itself thanks to the implementation of ambitious policies such as the European Social Pillar, Brussels is conscientiously committed to ensuring an independent voice in the international system. In this sense, the defence of foreign policy paradigms such as strategic autonomy is a clear example of this principle, and the recently implemented Global Gateway cooperation tool is a practical example.
En un sistema internacional tendente a una mayor anarquía y polaridad, desde la Unión Europea se está apostando por fórmulas de cooperación inclusivas y garantes a asegurar y exportar correctamente el sistema político y social europeo, el cual está caracterizado por una salvaguarda de libertades y principios normativos básicos. Mientras estos aspectos se defienden en la propia Unión Europea gracias a la implantación de ambiciosas políticas como el Pilar Social Europeo, desde Bruselas se está apostando concienzudamente por asegurar una voz independiente en el sistema internacional. En este sentido, la defensa de paradigmas de política exterior como la autonomía estratégica suponen un claro ejemplo de este principio, siendo a su vez la recién implantada herramienta de cooperación Global Gateway un ejemplo fáctico.
References to "European values" are often rooted in some perception of a commitment to particular rights that uphold certain principles about democracy and the relationship between state, market and ...citizens. Whilst rarely translated into consistent policy frameworks or activities, the formulation of new policy areas, such as artificial intelligence (AI), provide a window into what priorities, interests and concerns currently shape the European project. In this paper, we explore these questions in relation to the recent AI policy debate in the European Union with a particular focus on the place of social rights as a historically pertinent but neglected aspect of policy debates on technology. By examining submissions to the recent public consultation on the White Paper on AI Strategy, we argue that social rights occupy a marginal position in EU's policy debates on emerging technologies in favour of human rights issues such as individual privacy and non-discrimination that are often translated into design solutions or procedural safeguards and a commitment to market creation. This is important as systems such as AI are playing an increasingly important role for questions of redistribution and economic inequality that relate to social rights. As such, the AI policy debate both exposes and advances new normative conflicts over the meaning of rights as a central component of any attachment to "European values".
The article investigates normative preferences for environmental protection over economic growth registered in 74 countries—based on the European Values Study and the World Value Survey (2017–2022). ...We employ multi-level logistic regression to demonstrate that Gross Domestic Product per capita moderates the effects of political orientation and household income, both of which tend to be stronger in wealthier countries. Only in wealthy societies are left-leaning and affluent individuals far more likely to prefer environmental protection. Not accounting for moderation leads to underestimating the propensity for political polarization over environmental questions. Hence, our study suggests that large-scale implementation of growth-impeding or wealth-sacrificing environmental policies could face insurmountable public opposition in wealthy societies. Furthermore, failing to account for the moderation by GDP per capita in cross-national studies of environmental attitudes may constitute a confounding factor by aggregating wealthier countries, where the effects of political orientation and household income prove substantial, with the poorer ones, where they appear negligible.
An important question in understanding the war in Ukraine is whether Russian President Putin's claim that Russians and Ukrainians are 'one people' or whether the statement made by European Union ...Commission President von der Leyen, echoing Ukrainian government's position, that Ukraine is 'one of us' receives more support. In our contribution, we assess the societal values endorsed in Ukraine, and test whether they resemble those of Russia or Western Europe. After reviewing arguments brought by the 'Clash of Civilizations', Modernization, Social Identity, and Nation Building theories, we analyze the most recent data from the European Values Study and World Values Survey (2017-2021). Constructing an EU-values index, including gender equality, individual freedom, and liberal democracy, among others, we show that while values in Ukraine are closer to Russia than virtually any European Union country, there are clear differences that are especially salient among younger age cohorts. Further, we refute Huntington's claim that Ukraine is a 'cleft' country by showing that regional variation within Ukraine is rather minimal. We conclude with an interpretation of these findings in light of political debates and prominent theoretical approaches to studying values.
This volume offers a systematic philosophical analysis of the normative challenges facing European refugee policy, focusing on whether the response to it can be based on European values. By ...considering the refugee policy through the lens of European values, cosmopolitan norms and universal human rights, the contributions expose the weaknesses and limitations of existing regulations and make proposals on how to improve them. The EU is often seen as a cosmopolitan project. Europe is supposed to be a community of states that aspires to be guided by cosmopolitan norms. However, the idea of a cosmopolitan Europe has never been unanimously shared, and in recent years, it has come under increasing scrutiny, particularly with regard to the EU’s refugee policy. The guiding idea of this book is that a deeper philosophical understanding of the normative issues at stake can foster greater conceptual clarity and enrich political debates on the future of European refugee policy. The first part of the book revolves around the question of whether the rise in refugee numbers over the past decade has led to a crisis in the EU and, if so, how this crisis relates to or impacts European values. The second part traces the history of the discourse on “European values” and examines from a philosophical perspective how we can plausibly understand these values in terms of their moral grammar, their normative content and their implications for the behaviour of the EU and its member states. Finally, the third part puts forth recommendations for a feasible and normatively more compelling European refugee policy based on human rights, human dignity, justice and democratic self-determination as the decisive normative requirements. Cosmopolitan Norms and European Values: Ethical Perspectives on Europe’s Refugee Policy will be of interest to researchers and advanced students working in ethics, political philosophy, political science, social sciences and law.
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