The issue of observing gender parity in the system of central and local administration is currently interpreted as the implementation of the principles of innovation and reform of the existing ...management system. This study presents the basic provisions, trends, and prerequisites for the implementation of the principles of gender parity in the system of public administration. The key objective of this article is to evaluate the main statistical data that highlight the main trends in the ratio of gender indicators in public administration in Ukraine, and ultimately to calculate the coefficient of gender asymmetry based on these main indicators.
The article is devoted to the formation of European values in Ukraine in the conditions of social transformations. The author defines that values are the system-forming core of activity and inner ...spiritual life of a person, and the system of values is the link that unites society and the individual, involving them in the system of social relations. It has been found that the main European values, which are distinguished by the profile organizations and on which the European community is based, are the following: respect for human dignity; fundamental rights, including the rights of communities and families; freedom (expression of will, freedom of speech, freedom of the media); democracy; equality of all members of society, including minorities; rule of law; pluralism; non-discrimination; tolerance; justice; solidarity; responsibility; equal gender rights. By signing the Association Agreement with the European Union, Ukraine has committed itself to develop relations with the European Union on common values. European values as fundamental ones are reflected in the Constitution of Ukraine. It has been determined that in the European Union values perform various functions (political, aimed at ensuring democracy, development of the rule of law, anti-discrimination, civil rights and human freedoms; consolidating – the formation of the European community and common social and humanitarian space; society, preservation and dissemination of European values, legal – justice, guaranteed by an ombudsman, protection of human and civil rights, economic – the formation of a socially-oriented market economy, ensuring balanced economic growth, full employment, prosperity, well-being, guaranteed property, overcoming poverty; social – achieving social harmony, social security and social assistance, health care, support for the family, protection of vulnerable groups, cultural – preservation of traditions, freedom of religion, language policy support, development of education, culture; information and communication – providing access to documentation, interaction with citizens.
The European regulatory landscape for digital markets is undergoing a transformative change. There is an observed shift toward the protection of public values and fundamental rights, as the market ...mechanism and market values that traditionally led regulatory processes in digital markets seem to have fallen short. In the context of the user‐centric digital economy, a clear commitment to safeguarding citizens' interests is ever‐more salient. This article provides a comprehensive account of hypernudging—dynamically personalized user steering, which represents the next generation user influencing techniques online, with the potential to lead to multifaceted individual and collective harms. However, problematizing the phenomenon for digital policy purposes is not a straightforward task. Due to the complexity and opaqueness of its underlying mechanisms and effects, policymakers are operating under conditions of uncertainty, necessitating a shared understanding of what impact hypernudging has on users as well as crafting a shared vision of values that ought to be embedded and safeguarded in digital choice architectures. To highlight the developing European approach in relation to hypernudging, the assessment of the recent legislative initiatives—the Artificial Intelligence Act, the Digital Markets Act, and the Digital Services Act—showcases underlying learning opportunities for addressing emergent challenges.
There are many assumptions within terrorism research about the individual characteristics of those who commit or support the use of terrorist tactics, but no larger quantitative study exists on the ...subject in a European context. To rectify this the article aims to use a group identity framework in a novel way in order to study how group dynamics and group threat impacts individual attitudes toward the use of terrorist tactics. A multilevel research design, using survey data from the European Values Study, is employed to test some of the common explanatory arguments, looking at the role of religion, group identities, and grievances. The findings are mixed, with little support for the argument that religion is a central explanatory factor in understanding radical attitudes. It appears rather that group identities and grievances, as social phenomena, are a more fruitful avenue for understanding why some individuals are more willing to support the use of terrorist tactics. These findings remain robust after controlling for other common explanatory factors and when running alternative model specifications.
Although measurement invariance is widely considered a precondition for meaningful cross-sectional comparisons, substantive studies have often neglected evaluating this assumption, thereby risking ...drawing conclusions and making theoretical generalizations based on misleading results. This study offers a theoretical overview of the key issues concerning the measurement and the comparison of socio-political values and aims to answer the questions of what must be evaluated, why, when, and how to assess measurement equivalence. This paper discusses the implications of formative and reflective approaches to the measurement of socio-political values and introduces challenges in their comparison across different countries. From this perspective, exact and approximate approaches to equivalence are described as well as their empirical translation in statistical techniques, such as the multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) and the frequentist alignment method. To illustrate the application of these methods, the study investigates the construct of solidarity as measured by European Values Study (EVS) and using data collected in 34 countries in the last wave of the EVS (
2017–2020
). The concept is captured through a battery of nine items reflecting three dimensions of solidarity: social, local, and global. Two measurement models are hypothesized: a first-order factor model, in which the three independent dimensions of solidarity are correlated, and a second-order factor model, in which solidarity is conceived according to a hierarchical principle, and the construct of solidarity is reflected in the three sub-factors. In testing the equivalence of the first-order factor model, the results of the MGCFA indicated that metric invariance was achieved. The alignment method supported approximate equivalence only when the model was reduced to two factors, excluding global solidarity. The second-order factor model fit the data of only seven countries, in which this model could be used to study solidarity as a second-order concept. However, the comparison across countries resulted not appropriate at any level of invariance. Finally, the implications of these results for further substantive research are discussed.
Comparative Public Law for European Society von Bogdandy, Armin
Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht,
2023, Letnik:
83, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Safe and legal access to abortion is precondition for gender equality. Yet, in many EU Member States they remain controversial, endangered or absent. Recently, the European Parliament passed a ...resolution articulating a defence for a right to abortion in the EU: the Matić resolution. Via an analysis of debates and parliamentary processes around the resolution, this article analyses the different discursive constructions of a right to abortion within the EP by political groups, the different meanings attributed to EU values during abortion debates, and the impact of these constructions on gender equality policymaking in the EP. It found that internal attacks on abortion were increasingly constructed as alien to EU values despite efforts by opponents to reframe such values. Although EU values are undefined, attempts to renegotiate a common EU identity around shared values, even symbolically, are possible because they are dynamic and prone to facilitating unity during crises.
This article is based on the results of the third wave of the European Values Study conducted in Croatia in 2017 and 2018, on a sample of 1488 respondents, and a partial comparison with the results ...of the EVS research from 1999 and 2008. The article analyses attitudes towards some moral questions from the sphere of individual and social morality, and the correlation between those attitudes and religiosity, trust, political orientation (left-right), national identity and consumption of/trust in the (traditional) media and social networks, alongside the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents as an independent variable. On the basis of the results obtained in the study, we have concluded that religious people are less permissive, particularly in the field of personal morality, and in the field of soft drugs and sexuality, in terms of their attitudes to morality, than non-religious people, they have trust in institutions, they are politically more »right wing«, and they have a stronger national identity than those with a European identity. Furthermore, younger respondents, better educated male respondents, residents of larger towns and cities, residents of Istria and Primorje County, show greater permissiveness in their attitudes towards morality. We have concluded that morality in Croatia is relatively stable, with a slight shift towards permissiveness, and Croatian society is quite homogeneous in terms of its significant value foundations.
Rad se temelji na rezultatima trećeg vala Europskog istraživanja vrijednosti (European Values Study) provedenoga u Hrvatskoj tijekom 2017. i 2018. godine na uzorku od 1488 ispitanika, te njihovoj djelomičnoj usporedbi s rezultatima istraživanja EVS iz 1999. i 2008. godine. U radu se analiziraju stavovi prema nekim moralnim pitanjima iz sfere individualnog i socijalnog morala te povezanost tih stavova s religioznošću, povjerenjem, političkom orijentacijom (»lijevo-desno«), nacionalnim identitetom te konzumacijom/povjerenjem u (tradicionalne) medije i društvene mreže, uz sociodemografska obilježja ispitanika kao nezavisnom varijablom. Na temelju dobivenih rezultata u radu se zaključuje kako su – osobito na području individualnog morala, te na području lakih droga i spolnosti – religiozni ljudi u pogledu stavova o moralu manje permisivni od nereligioznih, oni su ti koji imaju povjerenje u institucije, politički su »desniji«, oni su ljudi s jačim nacionalnim identitetom od onih s europskim. Također mlađi, obrazovaniji muškarci, oni iz većih gradova i naselja te iz Istre i Primorja, pokazuju veću permisivnost u stavovima o moralu. Zaključuje se i kako je moral u Hrvatskoj relativno stabilan, uz blagi pomak prema permisivnosti, a hrvatsko društvo u bitnim vrijednosnim polazištima poprilično homogeno.
Nationalism and the Cohesive Society Reeskens, Tim; Wright, Matthew
Comparative political studies,
02/2013, Letnik:
46, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
A spate of work has demonstrated tensions between ethno-cultural diversity and social capital. Some have suggested that attachment to the nation can foster cross-group trust, particularly if this ...national self-definition is “civic” in character rather than “ethnic” (the Miller thesis). Similarly, others have argued that civic nations are less likely to suffer reduced social capital in response to increased diversity, as the sense of threat that typically emerges in ethnically diverse contexts will be mitigated (the Putnam thesis). The authors test these hypotheses on 27 countries using both contextual-level data and the latest wave of the European Values Study (2008). Though the evidence is mixed on civic nationalism, the authors find strong evidence that ethnic nationalism goes hand-in-hand with reduced social capital and that it increases the negative social impact of diversity. So although this study only partially confirms the benefits of civic nationalism, it clearly underlines the costs of its ethnic variety.
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