Neutron diffraction line profile analysis (DLPA) and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the components of the bimodal microstructure of Zr‐Excel (Zr–3.5Sn–0.8Mo–0.8Nb), a ...nuclear structural material. The dual microstructure, consisting of equiaxed primary grains and martensitic domains both having hexagonal close‐packed (h.c.p.) α crystal structure, forms when the as‐received Zr‐Excel alloy is heat treated at a high temperature and subsequently quenched, i.e. is solution treated. Because both microstructure components have the same crystal structure the reflections from the two components overlap significantly. The article presents how the multi‐phase analysis capability of modern DLPA methods can be used to model the measured neutron diffraction patterns as the sum of two sub‐patterns corresponding to the components of such a bimodal microstructure, which can be found in many hexagonal alloys relevant for industrial applications. The results show that the large equiaxed primary h.c.p. α grains have a highly correlated low‐density dislocation structure and large sub‐grains (∼300 nm), while the large martensitic domains have a randomly arranged very high density dislocation structure and sub‐grains the size of ∼30 nm. The significantly different defect structures of the primary and martensitic phases manifest as large differences in the hardness and ductility of the individual components. As a result of this duality of the mechanical properties, solution‐treated Zr‐Excel materials can be considered as analogous to metal matrix composites where a softer ductile matrix contains a harder brittle reinforcing phase.
Heat treatments in the (α + β) or β phase regime and subsequent cooling induce significant microstructural changes in Zr‐Excel (Zr–3.5Sn–0.8Mo–0.8Nb) by generating nondiffusional complex martensitic products. In the current study it is shown how modern whole pattern diffraction line profile analysis can individually characterize the defect structure of the martensitic and non‐martensitic components of heat‐treated Zr‐Excel samples.
The use of spreadsheets for numerical groundwater flow modeling is not a novelty; however, its potential in the classroom has not been emphasized enough. This Teachers Aid provides a step-by-step ...implementation of a steady-state, vertically integrated two-dimensional groundwater flow model in a confined irregular aquifer with boundary conditions of the three kinds and subject to pumping and recharge that will enhance the learning experience of students that are confronted for the first time with the numerical solution of the groundwater flow partial differential equation.
In this investigation, we (a) define the desirable features of publication‐quality, single‐case design graphs based on recommendations in the scholarly literature, (b) suggest GraphPad Prism as a ...suitable graphing program for creating graphs with those features, and (c) develop and validate a video‐modeling tutorial designed to train behavior technicians to create such graphs. Our review identified nine commonly recommended features, and Prism facilitated the creation of graphs with those features. We evaluated the effects of a video‐modeling tutorial on graphing performance in Prism using a multiple‐baseline design. All four technicians showed mastery‐level graphing accuracy with accompanying increases in efficiency following training, which maintained at follow‐up without direct feedback from an expert behavior analyst. Social‐validity measures found the posttraining graphs to be significantly better than publication quality. We discuss these findings relative to challenges of developing efficient and effective staff‐training tutorials.
This paper is a preliminary report about a software application for analyzing stabilometry signals, which we developed using Microsoft Excel. Signals from three force plate pressure sensors (Unimec ...Co. Ltd.) were amplified and stored in a computer by way of an analog to digital (AD) converter. These signals were converted to comma-separated values format with software (Wizard Analyze System) and manually transferred to the Excel worksheets. This software is able to analyze 100Hz or 20Hz sampling data. The analysis consists of two parts. Part I examines Coordinates and mean values of foot pressure center position, Enveloped area, Rectangular area, Root mean square area, Length of sway path during 60 seconds and 1 second, Length of sway path per unit area, Amplitude histogram and skew/kurtosis, Romberg quotient, Velocity vector in 8 directions, Location vector in 8 directions, and Fast Fourier Transform. In clinical stabilometric examination, Part I items are mandated by the health insurance system. Part II examines the Area of 95% confidence ellipse, Velocity chart during 60 seconds, Velocity vector in 8 directions during 15 seconds, Discrete Fourier transformation, Estimation of body movement at the level of the waist using inverse discrete Fourier transformation, Short-time Fourier transformation, Autocorrelation function graph, Cross correlation function graph, Animation of Statokinesiogram, and so on. Part II analysis items were included to better understand the Part I analysis results and to further develop them. Using Microsoft Excel to analyze stabilometry data offers new analyses that could not previously be performed.
Delay discounting describes the process wherein rewards lose value as a function of their delayed receipt; how quickly rewards lose value is termed the rate of delay discounting. Rates of delay ...discounting are robust predictors of much behavior of societal importance. One efficient approach to obtaining a human subject’s rate of delay discounting is via the 21- and 27-item Monetary Choice Questionnaires, brief dichotomous choice tasks that assess preference between small immediate and larger delayed monetary outcomes. Unfortunately, the scoring procedures for the Monetary Choice Questionnaires are rather complex, which may serve as a barrier to their use. This report details a freely available Excel-based spreadsheet tool that automatically scores Monetary Choice Questionnaire response sets, using both traditional and contemporary/advanced approaches. An overview of the Monetary Choice Questionnaire and its scoring algorithm is provided. We conclude with general considerations for using the spreadsheet tool.
This paper presents the simulation of mobile telephony systems realized in Excel program. Although primarily intended for other applications, Excel has several advantages over other specialized ...programs for simulation purposes. Excel application for simulation is illustrated by several examples from already published papers with the main goal to describe the most important part of realized simulations that allows determination of all important characteristics of telecommunication traffic process. Beside traffic process, the Excel application allows a reliable simulation of base station emission power starting from a random distance between the base station and mobile station.
Split-half reliability provides a method for estimating inter-item reliability of measures obtained from repeatedly administered items (or trials). We introduce RELEX; a freely available, Microsoft ...Excel-based software tool that randomly assembles test halves, yielding a sampling-based distribution of split-half reliability coefficients. Estimates of parallel, tau-equivalent, and congeneric split half reliability are reported. RELEX offers a graphical user interface, and provides freely eligible numbers of sampled splits as well as easy handling of missing values and variable trial or item numbers. Results are summarized in the form of a histogram, along with measures of its central tendency and uncertainty.
Background Vector analysis is mandatory for reporting astigmatism and for the evaluation of different refractive procedures. Aim The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate a new spreadsheet ...calculator for vector analysis of mass astigmatism data and to compare between Alpins and Thibos methods. Patients and methods Using Microsoft Office Excel 2016, a new astigmatic calculator was designed, based on Alpins and Thibos methods of vector analysis. Mass astigmatic data input involved power in diopters and axis direction in degrees. The calculator was investigated on 20 eyes for which photorefractive keratectomy was performed. Preoperative and postoperative manifest refractions were measured. Comparisons were done between the results of Alpins and Thibos methods of analysis. Results The mean surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) was 2.547±0.721 D and the change in astigmatism power vector (ΔAPV) calculated with the Thibos method was 1.27±0.36 D. A perfect positive correlation (r=1; P<0.000) was present between SIA and ΔAPV with SIA=2ΔAPV. A perfect positive correlation (r=1; P<0.000) was also present between the index of success and APV ratio. Conclusion Vector analysis of mass astigmatism data could be performed using the new Excel calculator. Alpins and Thibos methods showed interchangeability between their results.
The present paper was dedicated to the evaluation of fault trees through an EXCEL worksheet. The determination of the Minimal Cut Sets (MCSs) was accomplished performing all possible combinations of ...the basic events that take part of the tree. The method prevents the calculation from collapsing due to a combinatorial explosion. The available memory is never a limitation. It was applied the factorization of non-repeated events, a recursive method for the generation of the events combinations and an ordering scheme giving priority to the components which are more repeated and appear closer to the top gate. The EXCEL worksheet determines the most important MCSs, the system failure probability, and the components importance measures. Instantaneous unavailability analysis is also possible. The results for two representative fault trees are presented. They were resolved in a reasonable time, showing an adequate performance for industrial applications of moderate complexity.
O presente trabalho foi dedicado à avaliação de árvores de falhas mediante uma planilha EXCEL. A determinação dos Cortes Mínimos (CM) foi realizada formando todas as combinações possíveis dos eventos básicos que integram a árvore. O método impede que o cálculo colapse por explosão combinatória. A memória disponível nunca constitui uma limitação. Foi aplicada a fatoração de eventos não repetidos, um método recursivo para a formação das combinações de eventos e um ordenamento dos componentes que da prioridade aos mais repetidos e próximos do portão topo. A planilha EXCEL determina os CM mais importantes, a probabilidade de falha do sistema e as medidas de importância dos componentes. Também são possíveis análises de indisponibilidade instantânea. São apresentados os resultados para duas árvores de falhas representativas que foram resolvidas em tempos razoáveis, mostrando um desempenho adequado para aplicações industriais de moderada complexidade.
El presente trabajo fue dedicado a la evaluación de árboles de fallos mediante una planilla EXCEL. La determinación de los Cortes Mínimos (CM) fue realizada formando todas las combinaciones posibles de los sucesos básicos que integran el árbol. El método impide que el cálculo colapse por explosión combinatoria. La memoria disponible nunca constituye una limitación. Fue aplicada la factorización de sucesos no repetidos, un método recursivo para la formación de las combinaciones y un ordenamiento de los componentes que prioriza los más repetidos y próximos a la puerta tope. La planilla EXCEL determina los CM más importantes, la probabilidad de fallo del sistema y las medidas de importancia de los componentes. También son posibles análisis de indisponibilidad instantánea. Se presentan los resultados para dos árboles de fallos representativos que fueron resueltos en tiempos razonables, mostrando un desempeño adecuado para uso en aplicaciones industriales de moderada complejidad.
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