Tampere je grad koji je zadržao kvalitetan odnos sa prirodom unatoč svojoj industrijskoj karakterizaciji. Takav je odnos možda posljedica činjenice da je grad kasnog postanja i da je smješten u ...jednoj od najrjeđe naseljenih europskih zemalja. Gradom dominira industrijska arhitektura koja je danas izgubila svoju proizvodnu funkciju, i koja u sebi prvenstveno nosi sjećanje na jedan velik dio svoje povijesti. Uz industrijsku osobujnost posebnu čar Tampereu daje u drvetu sačuvana tradicionalna stambena gradnja. U tekstu će se najvećim dijelom pozornost usmjeriti na industrijsku prošlost grada, koja će se ispričati kroz arhitekturu i muzeološke zbirke. Ispričane priče i iz njih probuđeni dojmovi ukazuju na velike razlike između hrvatskog i finskog svijeta, koje dolaze do izražaja u načinu života, svjetonazorima, prioritetima i brojnim drugim elementima.
This monograph examines the structure and properties of Finnish manner adverbials. The central idea is that, instead of AdvPs, DPs, APs, PPs, NumPs and InfinitivalPs, manner adverbials have the form ...of either kPs or pPs, and they are licensed as unique specifiers of a manner-related small vP. Secondly, because "obligatory" and "optional" manner adverbials are merged as specifiers of one and the same small vP, the computational system of language sees no difference between them. This is why "obligatory" and "optional" manner adverbials often behave in exactly the same way with regard to syntactic operations such as movement. Thirdly, the author shows that, although all arguments and VP-internal adverbials are merged as specifiers of a unique small vP, this hierarchical structure need not always be reflected in an unambiguous linear order: in many languages VP-internal manner, place and time adverbials are allowed to permute freely because they have no features which would need checking by the features of a higher functional head, and because their original Spec,vP positions are "invisible" to the Linear Correspondence Axiom. Although the argumentation and analyses are mainly supported by Finnish data, the author also shows how they can be applied to other languages. The book also contains an extensive introduction to Finnish, to help readers unfamiliar with the language to follow the discussion.
"During the recent decades Conversation Analysis has developed into a distinctive method for analyzing talk in interaction. The method is utilized in several disciplines sharing an interest in social ...interaction, like anthropology, linguistics, social psychology, and sociology, and it has been applied to a great variety of languages and types of interaction. Conversation Analysis then is coming of age as a truly comparative enterprise. This volume presents and discusses comparative approaches to analyzing interactional practices and structures. The contributors to the volume have their background in sociology, linguistics, and logopedics. They offer comparative analyses of activity types, participant roles and identities, displays of emotion, and design of actions such as questions and corrections. The languages covered by the chapters include English, Finnish, German, and Swedish. This volume is of interest to all those interested in the research of language and social interaction. Because of its methodological nature, the book can also be utilized in teaching and in learning the discovery procedures typical of Conversation Analysis. "
The papers of this volume investigate how grammar codes the subjective viewpoint of human language users, that is, how grammar reflects human conceptualization. Some of the articles deal with spatial ...relations and locations. They discuss how basic attributes of human conceptualization are encoded in the grammatical expression of spatial relations. Other articles concern embodiment in language, showing how conceptualization is mediated by one's embodied experience of the world and ourselves. Finally, some of the articles discuss coding of person focusing on the subjectivity of conceptualization and how it is reflected in grammar. The articles show that conceptualization reflects the speaker's construal of the situation, and furthermore, that it is intersubjective because it reflects the speaker's understanding of the relations between the speech act participants. The papers deal with Finnish, utilizing the rich resources of Finnish grammar to contribute to issues in contemporary linguistics and in particular to Cognitive Grammar.
Za Finsku je karakterističan konsenzusni i inkrementalni stil reforme javne uprave. Nordijski stil stvaranja javnih politika je općenito konsenzusan, budući da uključuje razmjerno široke konzultacije ...s interesnim skupinama, te je povezan s centraliziranim sustavom kolektivnog pregovaranja o širokom spektru pitanja javnih politika koji se odvijaju između političkih stranaka, Vladinih tijela i interesnih skupina.
U radu se raspravlja o pojmovima centralizacije i decentralizacije u teorijskom smislu. Prednosti i nedostatke decentralizacije moguće je procijeniti primjenom različitih kriterija, što se u radu i ...čini, te se navode empirijski dokazi. Slijedi studija slučaja Finske, čije su općine snažne u usporedbi s ostalim europskim zemljama, no ipak postoje određeni problemi. Državna vlast želi veći broj spajanja jer mnogo malih općina ne može snositi svu odgovornost i teret lokalnih službi. Rad završava raspravom o mogućnostima kombiniranja lokalne autonomije i koordinacije te se predlažu neke nove mogućnosti. Nije lako postići drugačiji način koordinacije lokalnih aktivnosti te dopustiti da lokalne vlasti preuzmu veću odgovornost za građane. Lokalnoj su samoupravi potrebna određena sredstva i ovlasti kako bi mogla udovoljiti zahtjevima. Državne i lokalne vlasti ne bi se smjele natjecati, već bi morale surađivati.
This work is the investigation of a single problem in syntax and grammatical categories. Because of the nature of the particular problem, the work is necessarily synchronic and diachronic in approach.
The formation of standard Finnish male nicknames in terms of Optimality Theory (OT) is described. Formation of these nicknames is subject to phonological, morphological, segmental and prosodic ...restrictions and often proceeds via suffixation of a truncated, left-anchoredstem, invariably producing a disyllabic, semantically narrow nicknamewith no coda, long vowels or diphthongs. Such foot binary-restricted items never include a second syllable onset. Disyllabic names are regularly shortened (CV.CV), while mono- and trisyllabic names often become geminate nicknames (CVC.CV) through expressive marking. Geminate names lose the coda consonant in the nickname. Very long names are truncated and sometimes take an additional suffix. Nicknames and their suffixes are strictly controlled to have either mixed harmonic back (a, o, u) and neutral front vowels (e, i), or only harmonic front vowels (y, ö, ä). Curious exceptions to the rules are found with names containing a word-internal sonorant, which therefore become uniquely suffixed nicknames through a Sonorant Sequencing Principle (SSP) constraint, leading to a three-consonant cluster and a shift of the sonorant from the syllable edge (CVCC.CV). Some nicknames have a limited geographical distribution (i.e. they are dialectal only), while a few others exhibit traces of diminutive markings. The data suggest the following ranking order for nickname formation in Finnish according to OT: FtBin >> SSP for resonant-containing or RlzRed for trisyllabic >>AnchorLeftBT >> NoLong-Vowel >> NoDiphthong >> NoCoda >>MaximalityBT.
In the last years the immigration to Finland has increased and, as a consequence of that, the need for L2-dictionaries of Finnish. For small languages like Finnish, however, it is sensible to take ...into consideration also the needs of other L2-learners than immigrants, since separate dictionaries for different learner groups is hardly a realistic thought. But that increases the challenges for the dictionary makers. The question of how to represent valencies for the entries is always problematic but for Finnish you are additionally facing the fact that syntactical and aspectual matters have great impact on how the lexical valency turn out in use. In this article we present some of the problems you are faced with as a learner and as a dictionary maker and we also discuss possibilities of solving some of the problems.
"The recent fascination in Finnish folklore studies with popular thought and the values and emotions encoded in oral tradition began with the realisation that the vast collections of the Finnish ...folklore archives still have much to offer the modern-day researcher. These archive materials were not only collected by scholars, but also by the ordinary rural populace interested in their own traditions, by performers and their audiences. With its myriad voices, this body of source material thus provides new avenues for the researcher seeking to penetrate popular thought. What does oral tradition tell us about the way its performers think and feel? What sorts of beliefs and ideas are transmitted in traditional songs and narratives? Perspectives from the study of mentalities and cultural cognition research provide a framework for investigating these issues. This collection of articles works from the premise that the cultural models which shape mentalities give rise to manifest expressions of culture, including folklore. These models also become embedded in the representations appearing in folklore, and are handed down from one generation to the next. The topics of the book cover age-old myths and world views, concepts of witchcraft and the Devil stretching back to the Middle Ages, and the values and collective emotions of Finnish and Hungarian agrarian communities. "
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