Although internal structural factors in emerging democracies and factors related to the electoral process and contest remain indispensable in understanding post-election violence, they are not ...sufficient in an era of full-fledged neoliberal globalisation, enshrined in the Washington Consensus and the productivist development model enforced by the World Bank. Accordingly, this paper approaches electoral violence in Africa through the lens of unfettered, unregulated capitalism. Based on insights from Belgian historian Éric Toussaint, it assumes the posture that violent contestation of state power, in Kenya, is also indicative of the insatiable pursuit of profit, by global capitalists. Grounded in historical data from Human Rights Watch annual reports (1991-2008), it tests, through Kenya's first four multiparty elections conducted during the Moi and Kibaki eras, covering the period 1992-2007, the hypothesis that 'Aid and debt relief inconsistencies by donors and international financial institutions have emboldened the Kenyan government to disregard human rights, leading to impunity, which has yielded post-election violence'. It finds, partly, that 'donors seem willing to countenance harassment and intimidation of the Kenyan government's critics as long as the government continues to liberalize the economy and retain a multiparty system in name', an element that could also explain post-election violence.
The article analyses the changes and trends in the scientific systems of countries and regions in the Global South shifting the focus away from the BRICS countries. The research is underpinned by the ...critical scholarship on the globalisation, internationalisation and regionalisation of science and higher education. The empirical analysis is positioned within the broader changes in the international system characterised by multipolarity. The article first aims to map and identify trends, processes and discourses characterising science in the Global South. Second, it aims to investigate and analyse challenges, changes and developments in the scientific system of countries and regions in the Global South by focusing on publications and regional/international collaborations. While knowledge-based theories and discourses are informing science development and changes in countries in the Global South in line with global trends, this is not only done to sustain and increase economic competitiveness. Countries are seeking to reposition themselves in a changing international system by increasing their scientific and technological sovereignty through strategic publications and regional collaborations.
Abstract
Global regulatory interdependence is increasingly prevalent, with decision makers often affected by choices of jurisdictions in faraway places. Anu Bradford’s The Brussels Effect makes a ...significant contribution to our understanding of power in contemporary societies, which extends beyond military and normative power to power defined by regulatory capacity and market forces. Bradford empirically traces the global regulatory power of the European Union, which affects foreign business practices and policy choices, and theoretically identifies the prerequisites for the emergence of this phenomenon. This review article further situates the Brussels effect, perceived by Bradford as a passive process, within the context of other kinds of unilateral mechanisms that actively extend EU regulation beyond EU borders. This contextualisation demonstrates that law is a significant explanatory factor for its emergence. Both the legal design of measures with extraterritorial reach and the Court of Justice’s permissive stance often determine the extent of the Brussels effect. Also, analysing the Brussels effect alongside more active mechanisms of the extraterritorial reach of EU law reveals important normative questions regarding the legitimacy of the EU as a global regulatory power.
Dichotomisation between winners and losers is a prominent element of the debate on globalisation, with ordinary workers often considered losers. However, little is known about what workers make of ...globalisation, how they experience the phenomenon, and how they talk about it. We use a set of focus groups to explore meaning-making on the globalisation of the economy among lower-educated employees of Dutch internationalised firms. We find that they weigh up the pros and cons and proudly struggle with the consequences of globalisation. To the degree that they feel left behind, it is by politics and government. This suggests that dislike of globalisation is the result of negative experiences with politics, rather than the other way around.
세계화의 진전에 따라 도시는 더 이상 어느 국가의 민족적 경계 내의 장소만은 아니다.
이제 도시는 민족적, 지역적, 세계적 차원이 공존하는 장소가 되어가고 있다. 오늘날 전 세계인구의 반 이상이 대도시에 살고 있으며, 이들 도시는 국가를 초월해 세계 경제성장의 원동력이 되어가고 있다. 또한 이들 도시는 단순히 한 국가의 경계에 머무는 것이 아니라, 자신의 ...장소를 국제화하고 자국내뿐 아니라 전 세계에 있는 다른 도시들과 국제적 경쟁을 한다.
이에 전 세계 도시를 지표화해서 비교하고 도시간의 연결성을 살펴보는 작업의 필요성이 대두된다. 이러한 배경하에 본 연구에서는 도시의 국제화 정도를 평가하기 위한 계량 모형 이른바 ‘글로벌지수’를 구축하고자 한다. ‘글로벌지수’ 개발에 있어 본 연구는 우선 도시국제화비교를 위한 국제화 계수를 개발하고 계량모형을 구축하였다. 그리고 국가별-연도별 패널데이터를 활용하여 ‘글로벌지수’ 계량모형의 타당성을 검토하였다. 이러한 검토작업을 통해 표준화된 도시 국제화 비교를 위한 ‘부산글로벌지수’의 필요변수와 구성요인을 정리하였다. 요컨대 본 연구는 도시국제화 비교를 위한 국제화 계수를 개발하고 계량모형을 구축함으로써부산의 국제화 정도를 알기 위한 개략적인 방향을 제시함과 동시에 기타 도시들과 비교할 수있는 표준화된 모형을 시론적으로 제시한 것에 그 목적이 있다. With the advancement of globalization, cities are no longer just places within the ethnic boundaries of a country. Cities are now becoming places where national, regional, and global dimensions coexist. More than half of the world’s population lives in large cities, and these cities are transcending countries. They act as a driving force of global economic growth. Accordingly, the research first presents an econometric model to construct a global index. We conduct a series of empirical modeling to calculate the coefficients necessary for the model and build a global index with relative objectiveness. After building a global index with series of quantitative modelling, we conduct a country- and year-level comparison among countries. Lastly we suggest future plans and necessary variables for creating a global index by city particularly for Busan. We suggest some necessary and significant variables that could be extracted both from the existing database and from series of survey. The main purpose of the research is to present a rough direction of constructing Busan global index which is significant for international comparison among cities. The research aims to give fundamental insights to the significance of constructing city-level global index, and furthermore, basic idea of constructing the index using necessary variables. Our research contributes to the past and current literature reltaed to the global index by presenting a robust index from series of empirical modeling and coefficients which could be adopted as a global index to compare global cities. KCI Citation Count: 0
This paper provides a critical policy analysis and network ethnography of Teach for Bangladesh (TfB). We demonstrate that TfB is a localised version of a global teacher education policy - Teach for ...All/America (TfAll/A). Santos, Boaventura De Sousa 2002. The Processes of Globalisation. Translated by Sheena Caldmell. Eurozine: Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais and Eurozine, August, 1-48 has written about the ways some national policies travel globally. He calls these 'globalised localisms'. When they touch down and are taken up in another national context, he calls this a 'localised globalism'. We see TfB as a 'localised globalism'. This paper is focused on documenting and analysing the policy network that has enabled a globalised localism, TfAll/A, to be taken up as a localised globalism in Bangladesh through TfB. We see this as the emergence of network governance in a developing world primary schooling context. The analysis shows how pivotal to TfB is the boundary spanning networking of its founder, who connects the global to the local, the private to the public, and the provision of social services to philanthropy.
This paper refers to a project that we as an art school carried out together with the Flemish organisation VVOB in Zambia. The main goal of the project was to equip primary school teachers with the ...necessary knowledge and infrastructure to deliver basic ‘education for all.’ The paper challenges the implicit instrumentalization of the arts in that approach, but also brings back to the forefront the notion of art as a practice that ‘makes sense together.’ Through cabinet of curiosity practices such as observing, noting, collecting, mapping, exposing and gathering, we explored how sharing emergent relational structures could be a starting point and even the essence of a pedagogical practice that thinks with and before the world, and approaches education for all as a study praxis rather than an end goal. The argument is built in company with authors such as Gert Biesta, Jean Luc Nancy and Tim Ingold.
We examine how global pressures for competitiveness and gender equality have merged into a discourse of ‘inclusive excellence’ in the twenty-first century and shaped three recent German higher ...education programmes. After placing these programmes in the larger discourse about gender inequalities, we focus on how they adapt current global concerns about both being ‘the best’ and increasing ‘gender equality’ in locally specific ways, a process called vernacularisation. German equality advocates used ‘meeting international standards’ as leverage, drew on self-governance norms among universities, used formal gender plans as mechanisms to direct change, and set up competition to legitimate intervention. This specific incremental policy path for increasing women's status in German universities also mobilised the national funding agency and local gender equality officers as key actors, and placed particular emphasis on family friendliness as the expression of organisational commitment to gender equality.
Malaysia plans to emerge as one of the high-income economies by 2020 through the Economic Transformation Programme. A key component of this programme is to adopt more trade liberalisation policies ...that can generate a variety of economic activities, particularly more jobs. Although the integration with the world market bears the promise of prosperity for the developing and transitional economies, such integration may also adversely affect such economies. Preceding studies regarding labour market and international trade policies are still inconclusive and raise questions that require further examination; particularly in terms of whether exposure to the external sector can create or destroy jobs. The present study evaluates how Malaysia labour market has responded to the economic globalisation of the country. The study focuses on the long-run impact of economic globalisation on unemployment within the period between 1980 and 2014. The study uses autoregressive distributive lags method to examine the pattern of the relationship. The results show that economic globalisation have significant and positive impact on reducing unemployment in Malaysia in the long run. These findings indicate that policy-makers in Malaysia should facilitate the economy globalisation to maintain the current low level of unemployment rate.
German literary critique reads the work of the Congolese author Fiston Mwanza Mujila through the lenses of his national identity. My paper will demonstrate that, the opposite, Mujila subverts and ...deconstructs the category of 'Africaness' or identity, narrating a world where the global dimension of late capitalism has inscribed itself into the very fabric of social life. Yet, in doing so, Mujila does not simply negate identity, but develops a new and radical politics of representation. By using a radical realism in a double sense, Mujila mediates the categories of the abstract global (the real abstraction of capital) and the concrete moment of identity. In this regime of representation, the experience of identity is always also the experience of the structural violence of capitalism. By approaching identity through the perspective of capital and dissecting capitalism through the lenses of identity, Mujila, I claim, rejuvenates the ideas of social realism.
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