One of the most fascinating aspects of female protagonism in Calderonian theatre is the dialectical capacity exhibited by the damas, their mastery
of argumentation and the expressive subtleties of ...language in the dialogical exchanges they have with male characters. An interesting aspect to study is the
relationship between the discursive situation of these exchanges and the stanza
used. This article specifically analyzes the case of the romance glosses, recited in
dialogue between a dama and a gallant, in El acaso y el error; No hay burlas con el
amor; Antes que todo es mi dama; Las manos blancas no ofenden; El pintor de su
deshonra; Darlo todo y no dar nada; La púrpura de la rosa. Their placement in the
dramatic action, their characteristics and structure depend largely on the genre to
which the work in which they are framed can be assigned. In all of them, however,
the essential role of the female interlocutor is appreciated, and her ingenious ability
to adapt the cited text to the discursive intentions and the arguments with which
she substantiates her replies
Uno de los aspectos más fascinantes del protagonismo femenino en
el teatro calderoniano es la capacidad dialéctica que exhiben las damas, su dominio
de la argumentación y de las sutilezas expresivas del lenguaje en los intercambios
dialógicos que mantienen con los personajes masculinos. Un aspecto interesante a
estudiar es la relación entre la situación discursiva de estos intercambios y la estrofa utilizada. Este artículo analiza concretamente el caso de las glosas de romance,
recitadas en diálogo entre una dama y un galán, en El acaso y el error; No hay burlas
con el amor; Antes que todo es mi dama; Las manos blancas no ofenden; El pintor
de su deshonra; Darlo todo y no dar nada, La púrpura de la rosa. Su colocación en
la acción dramática, sus características y estructura dependen en buena medida
del género al que puede adscribirse la obra en que se enmarcan; en todas ellas, sin
embargo, se aprecia el papel imprescindible de la interlocutora femenina, y su capacidad ingeniosa por adaptar el texto citado a las intenciones discursivas y a los
argumentos con los que sustancia sus réplicas.
Minimization of Fuel Consumption for Vehicle Trajectories Typaldos, Panagiotis; Papamichail, Ioannis; Papageorgiou, Markos
IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems,
2020-April, 2020-4-00, Letnik:
21, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Eco-driving, a timely and well-known subject, aims at reducing fuel consumption by appropriately maneuvering a vehicle with a human or automated driver. In this work, the eco-driving problem is cast ...in an optimal control framework. State equations reflect the simple vehicle kinematics for position and speed, with the acceleration acting as a control input. Initial and final states (position and speed) are fixed. For the fuel consumption estimation, a number of alternatives are employed. To start with, a realistic, but nonlinear and non-smooth formula from the literature is considered. Simple smoothing procedures are then applied to enable the application of powerful numerical algorithms for the efficient solution of the resulting nonlinear optimal control problem. Furthermore, simpler quadratic approximations of the nonlinear formula are also considered, which enable analytical problem solutions. A comprehensive comparison on the basis of various driving scenarios demonstrates that the often utilized, but sometimes strongly questioned, square-of-acceleration term delivers excellent approximations for fuel minimizing trajectories in the present setting. A GLOSA (Green Light Optimal Speed Advisory) approach, based on the analytical solution of an optimal control problem is also presented.
•Road safety impacts were analysed under different GLOSA implementation schemes and mixed traffic compositions with connected and automated vehicles (CAVs).•A microsimulation-based surrogate safety ...assessment was performed.•An estimate on number of crashes was provided by using a probabilistic method converting traffic conflicts to crashes.•Reductions in conflicts were found primarily due to the increasing penetration of CAVs, rather than GLOSA.•Several irregularities were found in results between scenarios with and without GLOSA, especially under mixed fleet compositions.
Mobility and environmental benefits of Green Light Optimal Speed Advisory (GLOSA) systems have been reported by many previous research studies, however, there is insufficient knowledge on the safety implications of such an application. For safe deployment of GLOSA system, it is most critical to identify and address potential safety issues in the design process. It can be argued that implementation of GLOSA system can improve safety by reducing traffic conflicts associated with the interrupted traffic flow at signalised intersections. However, more research findings are needed from field and simulation based studies to evaluate the impacts on safety under a variety of real-world scenarios. As part of the LEVITATE (Societal Level Impacts of Connected and Automated Vehicles) project under European Union’s Horizon 2020 Programme, the main objective of this study is to examine the safety impacts of GLOSA under mixed traffic compositions with varying market penetration rates (MPR) of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs). A calibrated and validated microsimulation model (developed in Aimsun) of the greater Manchester area was used for this study where three signalised intersections in a corridor were identified for implementing GLOSA system. An improved algorithm was developed by identifying the potential issues/limitations in some of the GLOSA algorithms found in literature. Behaviours of CAVs were modelled based on the findings of a comprehensive literature review. Safety analysis was performed through processing the simulated vehicular trajectories in the surrogate safety assessment model (SSAM) by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). The surrogate safety assessment results showed small improvement in safety with the GLOSA implementation at multiple intersections in the test network only at low MPR (20%) scenarios of CAVs, as compared to the respective without GLOSA scenarios. No or rather slightly lower improvement in safety was observed with GLOSA implementation under mixed fleet scenarios with 40 % or higher 1st Generation or 2nd Generation CAVs, as compared to the respective scenarios without GLOSA. The implementation of GLOSA system was also found to have some impact on the traffic conflict types (although not consistent across all MPR scenarios), where rear-end conflicts were found to decrease while a slight increase was observed in lane-change conflicts.
Recently, the ever-increasing vehicle population has become a severe challenge to traffic efficiency and air quality in modern city life. Signal-controlled intersection is a bottleneck of the urban ...traffic system. Platooning has the potential to improve the intersection throughput, and a typical V2X application, green light optimal speed advisory (GLOSA), can also reduce vehicles' stopping at intersections to enhance traffic efficiency. However, there is scarcely any literature regarding GLOSA system for platoon to increase intersection throughput. In this paper, the composite platoon trajectory planning strategy (CPTPS) is proposed to maximize the intersection throughput. Since the intersection throughput maximization problem can be transformed into minimizing vehicles' intersection arrival time in a green phase by optimizing vehicles' trajectories, three portions are designed in CPTPS to solve the problem, which are a GLOSA-based trajectory planning method for platoon leaders, a reinforcement learning-based trajectory planning method for platoon followers, and a flexible platoon management protocol to ensure the smooth operations in a platoon. Simulation results show that, compared to the non-optimized cases, CPTPS can effectively increase intersection throughput while reduce stoppings at intersections and gas emissions. Especially in saturation cases, CPTPS can achieve a near-ideal throughput performance. And the communication delay within 100 ms scarcely affects CPTPS's headway maintenance performance. Moreover, CPTPS outperforms the existing works in headway maintenance when vehicles drive in a platoon. These results validate the effectiveness, robustness, and practical feasibility of CPTPS, for solving the signal-controlled intersection traffic efficiency problem.
Vehicle speed and trajectories play an important role in influencing fuel consumption, gas emissions and travel time. ITS services are often proposed in order to reduce the impact of these issues on ...the environment and the comfort of drivers. Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C‐ITS) introduced many services that target traffic efficiency management and road safety. Green Light Optimal Speed Advisory (GLOSA) is one of the traffic efficiency services that can significantly cut fuel consumption and decrease waiting time while crossing intersections. When approaching a signalized intersection, GLOSA informs the driver of an advisory speed to respect in order to reach the intersection while the traffic light is green. In this paper, we propose an Efficient Path Planning GLOSA‐based (EPP‐GLOSA) approach using Dijkstra greedy algorithm and GLOSA service. EPP‐GLOSA aims at proposing the fastest path for the driver to follow in order to reach its destination. The estimated duration to reach the destination takes into consideration the state of traffic lights along the path on top of Dijkstra algorithm. The proposed approach is evaluated under a large scale scenario in free flow and rush‐hour conditions. Our findings show that EPP‐GLOSA offers a balanced scale between travel time reduction and fuel saving especially in free flow conditions.
El presente documento analiza los procesos de facturación y cuentas médicas de la Empresa Social del Estado (ESE) Hospital Local de Arjona, Colombia, mediante la aplicación de instrumentos de captura ...de información al personal del área de contabilidad. Se utiliza el diagnóstico organizacional como herramienta de evaluación de la gestión de estos dos procesos, considerados críticos en las organizaciones dedicadas a la prestación de servicios de salud. La problemática estriba en que con mucha frecuencia se presentan objeciones o “glosas”, atribuibles a inconsistencias e irregularidades en los procesos de facturación y presentación de las cuentas médicas. Lo anterior conduce a que no se haga el pago de la cuenta y con ello se desencadena un problema que amenaza la sostenibilidad y la calidad de la prestación de los servicios de salud en las organizaciones dedicadas a este sector. Se encontró que la presencia de inconsistencias y deficiencias en el proceso de facturación y cuentas médicas son atribuibles a la ausencia de control en la facturación y debilidades en los procesos de radicación, auditoría y respuesta oportuna de glosas. Se concluye que el problema de sostenibilidad financiera que exhibe la institución es el mismo que ha ahondado la crisis que padece el sector a nivel nacional asociado con el desconocimiento de la normativa para la presentación y estructuración de las cuentas médicas y unificación de criterios en estos procesos.
The present paper’s focus is the V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) communication between traffic light controller and road vehicles. After a brief review on the state-of-the-art V2X communication ...technologies and their feasibility for practical implementation, a brief description of their potential is discussed providing a working solution for SPaT/MAP (Signal Phase and Timing and MAP as intersection geometry) standard based communication, specifically for automotive proving ground usage. The main outcome of the proposed solution is a full y flexible traffic control system applying industrial PLC while ensuring a standardized V2X protocol. As a demonstrative HiL (Hardware-in-the-Loop) example, exploiting the elements of the traffic management system at the ZalaZONE Automotive Proving Ground, a GLOSA (Green Light Optimal Speed Advisory) scenario is presented with the developed SPaT/MAP V2X communication realizing a global optimum traffic control solution. The more, the whole framework is designed in a way that it is capable of using mixed reality components for testing purposes and realizing a digital twin for traffic lights. The method of virtualization for V2X communication is introduced using a co-simulation framework of three common software tools (SUMO, Veins, and OMNeT++).
Display omitted
•CAVs integrate wireless communication technologies also towards the traffic lights.•SPaT/MAP messages are used for V2I/I2V communication based traffic light control.•A prototype of V2I/I2V communication is shown for ZalaZONE Automotive Proving Ground.•The SPaT/MAP based communication features mixed reality and digital twin technologies.•The featured GLOSA algorithm realizes a global optimum control.
The Explaining Structure rozumiej (‘understand’) in Old Polish Texts from the Code of Wawrzyniec from Łask
The aim of the article is to show functional divergence of the explaining structure: ...rozumiej (‘understand’) in the Old Polish apocryphal works from the code of Wawrzyniec from Łask: History of the Three Kings and The Gospel of Nicodemus. This structure was used to introduce new contents to a sentence (explaining a pronoun or a noun/verb). There were two main functions of this structure in analysed texts: organisation of the text, and a didactic role. The analysis leads to some conclusions about possible origins of these elements (it seems that they did not come from glosses or from the last copyist), and shows the need for further research of metatexts in Old Polish literature.
What are the main factors related to road or service configuration influencing the response behaviour of connected vehicles? How does it evolve with respect to the Market Penetration Rate (MPR) of ...connected vehicles? Here are some questions raised by this paper with a focus made on Green Light Optimal Speed Advisory (GLOSA) strategy. Such a system, based on V2I communication, aims at providing speed advice/recommendations when approaching an intersection to adjust speed and enhance fuel consumption. The message is displayed on the Human Machine Interface (HMI) of the connected vehicles and a response is expected from the driver. This paper derives its interest in the response behaviour of the driver to HMI. It develops a two-stage methodology based on (i) Field Operational Test to collect realistic inputs (e.g., response rate, delay, deceleration profile, etc.) and (ii) a simulated environment used for extending the findings to non-observed cases (e.g. higher MPR). Besides, the methodology that is well-fitted for generic evaluation and comparison of pilots sites' conclusions, one further contribution lies in the process to select the explaining factors. Factors are targeted among features of (i) the road configuration (e.g. number of lanes), (ii) the service configuration (e.g. activation distance), or (iii) the individual route choice and traffic conditions. Among others, it is highlighted that the activation distance plays a significant role in the response behaviour and, depending on the cycle duration, a short activation distance might be completely inefficient, while a true environmental impact requires high MPR.
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