The scientific monograph (' Late Gothic winged altar of St. Cross of Kojsko (1515) and life in the Brda region of the 16th century') is dedicated to the 500 th anniversary of the unique late Gothic ...winged altar which dates back to 1515. The anniversary has offered numerous opportunities to illuminate the importance of this medieval cultural monument, which boasts not only Goriška Brda, but all Slovenia. Individual contributions in the book deal with the broader historical and social context of life in the Brda region of the 16th century.
V zadnjih dveh desetletjih je postal koncept socialnega kapitala zelo priljubljen tako med raziskovalci kot v politični praksi. Njegovo merjenje je kljub relativno preprostemu in navidezno uporabnemu ...konceptu zelo težavno. Analiza kazalcev socialnega kapitala na izbranih območjih slovenskega podeželja (Zgornja Savinjska dolina, Suha krajina, Goriška brda, Brkini) je pokazala njegov pozitivni učinek za lokalne skupnosti, kar je predpogoj za aktiviranje endogenih razvojnih potencialov.
Kalejdoskop goriške preteklosti, zgodbe o spominu in pozabi ('Kaleidoscope of the Past - Memories and Forgotten Stories from the Border') is a story about lives of the people living along the ...Slovenian-Italian border. In this area, the idea of the border is manifold, it is a state border, a territorial border, a temporal border between what had happened and the interpretations of past events today. The author discusses the divisive past and the seemingly uniting present permeating the area. She tells a story about the city Gorica, to which both Italians and Slovenians lay claims, a story about the struggle for redemption and freedom, about people who stroll along the same river, shop in the same shops and eat indulge similar cuisines. Still, they manage to retain a thin line of differentiation, a mentally construed abyss invariantly fortifying the distance. Since 2007, the border is visually gone yet it remains the criterion of spatial differentiation and identity formation, the founding stone of respective communities.
Contemporary Slovene rural areas as multifunctional localities with heterogeneous and mosaic structures and, exposed to enormous restructuring, are trapped between traditional processes and ...structures on one side and modern development processes on the other. Goriška (predominately a rural area) is part of a strongly integrated cross-border region with a very diverse geographical structure, huge historical, cultural and natural heritage and a significant share of LFAs with increasing levels of inter-regional disparities. This paper focuses on networking of SMEs in these Slovene rural areas. The results confirm the complex nature of the relationships between favourable business environments (built-up and supportive business milieu) and processes of embeddedness and international integration.
Sodobno slovensko podeželje kot večfunkcijski prostor z izjemno heterogeno in mozaično strukturo doživlja velike spremembe, saj je ujeto med kolesje tradicionalnih procesov in struktur ter sodobnih razvojnih procesov. Goriška statistična regija (»pretežno podeželsko območje«) ima kot del močno povezanega čezmejnega območja zelo raznoliko geografsko strukturo, bogato zgodovinsko, naravno in kulturno dediščino, omejene, a specifične pogoje za kmetovanje in se sooča s pomembnimi medregionalnimi razlikami. Članek se osredotoča na vzpostavitev mrežnih povezav majhnih in srednjevelikih podjetij na podeželju. Rezultati potrjujejo zapleten sistem odnosov med podjetniškim okoljem (grajenim in spodbudnim) in vpetostjo v lokalno okolje na eni in vključenostjo v mednarodne tokove na drugi strani.
In this journal, the authors (Zorn, Komac 2004) previously described the use of two deterministic methods for establishing the possibility of landsliding. This time, they take a step forward and ...using the example of the flysch Goriška Brda hills present the probability modelling of landslide hazard. In probability methods, the intensity and distribution of the processes are established by comparing indirectly determined landscape elements and the actual situation, while in deterministic methods, subjective decisions have an impact on the result. We have elaborated a probability map for landslides with a fixed return period using the Dempster-Shafer method on the basis of the data on 800 landslides that occurred with intensive precipitation in the fall of 1998.
Agricultural terraces are the predominant landscape element in the Goriška brda region. These were once made by hand, but started being built mechanically after the Second World War. Reshaping slopes ...into terraces increases the amount of arable farmland. Farming, especially cultivation of vineyards and orchards, is still the most important industry in this region. The development of winegrowing has indelibly marked the image of the cultural landscape here.Terraces are mostly being abandoned in regions with market-oriented mechanized farming. Much of the formerly terraced land in upper Goriška brda is now completely overgrown or deteriorated. The former extent of these agricultural terraces cannot even be precisely determined using the land cadastre carried out under Emperor Franz I. In contrast, the agricultural terraces in lower Goriška brda are being constantly renovated.Maintenance of terraces prevents water loss and reduces soil erosion. When the shape of hillsides is changed, large quantities of soil are moved, and steep slopes are altered, this can cause land slippage and large areas can become unstable. Detailed study indicates that Goriška brda is exposed to a high risk of landslides.This study was carried out as part of Interreg project IIIB Alpine Space, titled “The Terraced Landscapes of the Alpine Arc” (ALPTER).
Nakon dolaska Istre, Trsta i Goričke u sastav Kraljevine Italije, budući
da je sam opstanak hrvatskoga i slovenskoga naroda u tim krajevima došao u pitanje, ostvarenje političke sloge bilo je ...dominantno pitanje unutar slovenskih i hrvatskih političkih redova. Aktivnost Političkoga društva Edinost iz Trsta kreće prema pokretanju jedinstvenoga političkog
djelovanja na prostoru koji se našao pod Italijom. I nakon što su se povezali zbog općenacionalnih interesa, razlike u nazorima između liberala i kršćanskih socijalista su se u jedinstvenom društvu zadržale.
I glasilo istarskih kršćanskih socijalista Pučki prijatelj, koje je početkom rujna 1919. ponovno započelo izlaziti, težilo je ostvarenju političke sloge. Uredniku lista preporučeno je 1919. izbjegavati pisanje
koje bi izazvalo sukob s nacionalno-liberalnom strujom, a uoči državnih
izbora 1921. kršćanski socijalisti podržali su pripadnike te struje kao
istarske kandidate. No, bez političkoga i gospodarsko-socijalnoga programa nije bilo moguće uspostaviti snažnu djelotvornu organizaciju.
Već su sredinom 1920. gorički svećenici predložili program temeljen na kršćansko-socijalnim načelima. Društvo Edinost bilo je suglasno sa širenjem tih načela, ali ih nije priznalo kao društveni program jer bi takva načela stvarala podjele. Međutim, i Pučki prijatelj započet će izražavati nezadovoljstvo zbog nepostojanja sustavnoga i organiziranoga rada. List je nezadovoljstvo izražavao upravo u vrijeme definitivnoga priključenja Julijske krajine početkom 1921. Italiji, naglašavajući potrebu reorganizacije djelovanja i rada. Nakon državnih izbora u svibnju 1921., socijalni su kršćani javno kritizirali vodstvo Edinosti da je krivo za slabe izborne rezultate u Istri i Trstu, problematizirajući program rada Političkoga društva. Bio je oštar i Pučki prijatelj, kritizirajući i on u prvom redu izborni program. Stoga jedinstvenoga nacrta za smisleni rad na političkom, kulturnim, socijalnom i gospodarskom području nije bilo. Upravo su izborni rezultati bili poticaj istarskim kršćanskim socijalistima u promišljanju
da i oni poput Goričana krenu sa samostalnijim i aktivnijim radom. U srpnju 1921. utemeljen je u Kozini Istarski pododbor Političkoga društva
Edinost, a za predsjednika bio je imenovan Božo Milanović, koji će to biti do sredine srpnja iduće godine. U početku Milanovićeva predsjedavanja Pododborom nema u javnosti pokazatelja idejnih razilaženja, osim u osobnim kontaktima. Tek kada je Tiskovno društvo u Pazinu izdalo koledar Istranin za 1922., polemika između Učiteljskoga lista i Pučkoga prijatelja ukazala je javnosti na idejna razilaženja, a skupština Istarskoga pododbora održana u Kozini 10. srpnja 1922. te reakcije u glasilima nakon nje pokazuju da je slijed zbivanja vodio prema raskolu. Pokušaj obnove rada Političkoga društva za Hrvate i Slovence u Istri bio je kratkotrajan: dolazak fašista na vlast sukobljene je strane primorao na dogovor, koji međutim nije dugo potrajao jer se idejna razilaženja i sukobi nisu mogli prevladati.
Dato che in seguito all’annessione dell’Istria, Trieste e Gorizia al Regno d’Italia era stata messa a repentaglio l’esistenza della popolazione croata e slovena di questi territori, la preoccupazione dominante nelle file politiche slovene e croate fu il raggiungimento di un’intesa politica. Gli sforzi della Società politica Edinost di Trieste
si mossero verso l’avviamento di un’attività politica unitaria nel territorio assoggettato all’Italia. Pur essendosi raccolte attorno ad un
interesse nazionale comune, le visioni dei liberali e dei socialisti cristiani continuarono a differire all’interno della società unificata. Anche il giornale dei socialisti cristiani istriani Pučki prijatelj, che
tornò alle stampe agli inizi di settembre 1919, sostenne la realizzazione dell’unità politica. Nel 1919 fu consigliato all’editore del giornale di evitare testi che provocassero scontri con la corrente nazional-liberale e, in vista delle elezioni statali del 1921, i socialisti cristiani appoggiarono i rappresentanti di tale corrente in qualità di candidati istriani. Però, senza un programma economico-sociale, non sarebbe stato possibile stabilire un’organizzazione solida ed efficace.
Già verso la metà del 1920 il clero goriziano aveva proposto un programma fondato su principi cristiano-sociali. La società Edinost condivideva la diffusione di tali principi, ma non li riconobbe quale programma della società perché avrebbero creato divergenze. Tuttavia, anche Pučki prijatelj iniziò a manifestare la propria insoddisfazione per l’inesistenza di un’attività sistematica ed organizzata. Il giornale
manifestava la propria insoddisfazione proprio nel momento dell’annessione definitiva della Venezia Giulia all’Italia, agli inizi del 1921, enfatizzando la necessità di riorganizzare le attività e l’operato. Dopo le elezioni statali del maggio 1921, i socialisti cristiani criticarono pubblicamente la dirigenza di Edinost imputandole i
deludenti risultati elettorali in Istria e a Trieste, e mettendo in questione il programma operativo della Società politica. Fu arduo anche Pučki prijatelj, criticando, innanzitutto, il programma elettorale. Era quindi inesistente una linea unitaria volta all’attuazione di un piano d’azione sensato nel campo politico, culturale, sociale ed economico. Furono proprio i risultati elettorali a spronare i socialisti cristiani istriani a prendere in considerazione l’avviamento di un’attività più indipendente e dinamica, come avevano già fatto i goriziani. Nel luglio 1921, fu costituito a Cosina il Sottocomitato istriano della Società politica Edinost, attribuendo l’incarico di presidente a Božo Milanović,
che ricoprirà tale ruolo fino a luglio dell’anno successivo. Nel periodo iniziale della presidenza di Milanović nel Sottocomitato, non ci
furono manifestazioni pubbliche di differimenti tra idee, tranne nei contatti personali. Soltanto dopo la pubblicazione del calendario Istranin per il 1922 da parte della Tipografia di Pisino, la polemica tra Učiteljski list e Pučki prijatelj rivela una discordanza di opinioni
e l’assemblea del Sottocomitato istriano tenutasi a Cosina il 10 luglio
1922 e le conseguenti reazioni pubblicate nei giornali indicano che lo svolgimento della situazione portava verso una disgregazione. Un tentativo di ripristino delle attività della Società politica per croati
e sloveni in Istria fu di breve durata: l’ascesa al potere del fascismo
costrinse le parti contrastanti a raggiungere un accordo, che non si mantenne però a lungo perché le divergenze e i conflitti non potevano essere superati.
After the accession of Istria, Trieste and Gorizia to the Kingdom of Italy, since the very survival of the Croatian and Slovenian people in these parts came into question, the achievement of political harmony was
a dominant issue within the Slovenian and Croatian political order. The
activity of the Political Society ʻEdinostʼ from Trieste moved towards the inception of a unified political activity in the area that had found
itself under Italy. Even after they became allies because of national interests, the differences in views between liberals and Christian socialists persisted in the unified society. The newsletter of the Istrian Christian socialists, Pučki prijatelj (The Peopleʼs Friend), which started being issued again at the beginning of September 1919, was
striving for political concord. In 1919, the editor of the newspaper was advised to avoid writing which would initiate a conflict with the national-liberal movement, and on the eve of the 1921 state elections, the Christian socialists supported members of that movement as Istrian candidates. However, without a political and economic-social programme, it was not possible to establish a strong and effective organization.
As early as the mid-1920, Gorizian priests proposed a programme based on
Christian-social principles. The Society ʻEdinostʼ supported the dissemination of these principles, but did not acknowledge them as a social agenda because such principles would create divisions. However, Pučki prijatelj would also begin expressing dissatisfaction with the lack of systematic and organized work. The newspaper expressed its dissatisfaction at the time of the definitive annexation of the Venezia Giulia in early 1921 to Italy, emphasizing the need to reorganize its activities and work. After the May 1921 state elections, social leaders publicly criticized the leadership of ʻEdinostʼ for poor election results in Istria and Trieste, reprimanding the political agenda of the Political Society. Pučki prijatelj was also harsh, primarily criticizing
the election program. Therefore, there was no single blueprint for meaningful work in the political, cultural, social and economic field. The election results were the impulse for the Istrian Christian socialists to start thinking that they, like Gorizians, should start working more independently and actively. In July 1921, the Istrian subcommittee of the Political Society ʻEdinostʼ was founded in Kozina, and Božo Milanović was appointed president, which is the position he held until mid-July the following year. At the beginning of Milanovićʼs chairmanship of the Subcommittee, there were no indications of ideological differences in public, except in personal contacts. Only when the Pazin Press Society issued the Istranin calendar for 1922 did the controversy between Učiteljski list (The Teacherʼs Gazette) and Pučki prijatelj show the public the existence of the conceptual differences; the Assembly of the Istrian Subcommittee held in Kozina on 10 July 1922, and the reactions in the newsletters, showed that the sequence events led to a schism. The attempt to renew the work of the Political Society for Croats and Slovenes in Istria was short-lived: the
arrival of fascists compelled the conflicting party to reach an agreement, which, however, did not last long because the ideological differences and conflicts could not be overcome.
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