1 - Introduction Richard C. Selley; Stephen A. Sonnenberg
Elements of Petroleum Geology,
2023
Book Chapter
Petroleum has been used since the beginning of human history. Natural seepages were sources of oil that were used for medication, waterproofing, and warfare. The first well deliberately drilled to ...obtain oil in the Western world was in France in 1745. The most important stimulus in the world for oil production was the development of internal combustion engines in the 1870s and 1880s. Concepts applied for finding oil and gas include drilling near seeps, the anticlinal theory of oil entrapment, exploration for stratigraphic traps, and combination traps. Early exploration focused on using seeps to locate deeper petroleum occurrences or surface mapping techniques to find anticlines. These approaches were later augmented by using subsurface techniques based in geophysics (gravity, magnetics, and seismic) and geophysical logs. The science of petroleum geology incorporates important aspects of geology (e.g., structure, sedimentology, stratigraphy, geochemistry, paleontology) and geophysics (e.g., gravity, magnetics, and seismicity). Petroleum geology is a critical component of the petroleum industry. The importance of petroleum geoscientists cannot be understood.
In the context of the journal’s 25th anniversary, the author provides a wide ranging historical review of the patent information scene from 1960 to 1990, from the perspective of the providers and ...users of such information in a large chemical company. He notes the pioneering nature of much of the early activity, as the volume and complexity of patent information expanded rapidly––and continues to do so. Topics covered include: the advent of specialised abstracting services for this market (e.g. from Derwent Information), the adaptation of existing services (e.g. by Chemical Abstracts Service), bibliographic data services (e.g. INPADOC), indexing data (e.g. Derwent’s Central Patent index, GREMAS and IDC), the Patent Documentation Group (PDG), topological systems, Markush structure searching, polymer chemistry, full text retrieval, online searching, patent information management systems, current awareness,
World Patent Information, and the Internet.
In the first half of the century, histological abnormalities in the cortex and thalamus of schizophrenics were described. These findings, however, remained controversial and finally were widely ...forgotten. More recently, a large number of structural imaging studies convincingly showed subtle structural changes such as ventricular enlargement, cortical sulcal enlargement, and smaller hippocampi in a considerable proportion of schizophrenic patients. Many studies reported minor tissue abnormalities in limbic structures. Since the limbic system is anatomically and functionally interposed between the neocortical association areas and phylogenetically old hypothalamic and brain stem systems, limbic dysfunction may lead to a dissociation between cognitive activities and basic emotional reactions, thus, explaining some aspects of the psychopathology of schizophrenia. Reduced cortical asymmetry, lack of gliosis, and other findings support the idea of a disorder of early brain development; however, a progressive component also might be inherent.
The volume of published tourism literature has grown exponentially over the past forty years, though its content has yet to constitute an established theoretical framework. One common theme has been ...the proposal of a series of descriptive models which ascribe an evolutionary process to some aspect of tourism development. This paper investigates the extent to which industry sector evolution has influenced the future roles of teaching and research involvement by academic staff interested in tourism. The results of a small survey of tourism academics are reported, before a formula is offered by which two divisions within tertiary education may maximise their ability to adapt to future requirements.
U Španjolskoj su pijavice dugo tijekom povijesti korištene kako u narodnoj tako i u znanstvenoj medicini. Ovaj rad analizira trendove u primjeni terapije pijavicama kroz povijest. Na početku 20. ...stoljeća pijavice su se još uvijek koristile u znanstvenoj medicini, što dokazuje slučaj liječenja Germana Gamaza, ministra za vrijeme vladavine Alfonsa XII i kraljevanja nadvojvotkinja Marije Kristine Austrijske, u vrijeme kada je ozbiljno bolovao 1901. godine.
Nakon toga, pijavice gube ugeld kao terapijsko sredstvo, njihovo korištenje u terapijske svrhe značajno opada u znanstvenoj medicini, te se održava tek kroz narodnu medicinu. Podaci predstavljeni u ovom radu dobiveni su sustavnim pretraživanjem literature i glavnih baza podataka iz područja folklora, etnografije, socijalne antropologije i medicinske antropologije.
Pijavice su se u koristile u španjolskoj narodnoj medicini za liječenje bolesti i poremećaja iz 11 kategorija Medunarodne klasifikacije bolesti i srodnih zdravstvenih problema (MKB-10), osobito u liječenju bolesti cirkulatornog, dišnog i koštano-mišićnog sustava. Prema dostupnoj literaturi, pijavice su predstavljale jednu od terapijskih mogućnosti narodne medicine, barem do sedamdesetih godina prošlog stoljeća. Naše istraživanje također pruža informacije o medicinskoj primjeni, trgovini i konzumiranju pijavica u posljednjih nekoliko godina.
In 1819, the US Supreme Court ruled in Dartmouth v. Woodward that Dartmouth College, even though originally chartered by government, was legally akin to a private corporation. This landmark decision ...was the founding legal document of what has become the American private nonprofit sector. While the decision has attained hagiographic status, this paper explores what the US nonprofit sector would look like if the Supreme Court had ruled the other way. Using alternate history and scenario writing as research methodologies, it highlights the invisible losses due to the decision and depicts what a public nonprofit sector would have looked like. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
PDF
