What may democratic citizens hope for? In order to answer this question, this article takes its cue from John Rawls's notion of reasonable hope. Rawls is acutely aware of a tension we face in ...demarcating the limits of hope in democratic politics, yet fails to resolve it: hope should allow us to critically distance ourselves from the existing social world, yet not be entirely disconnected from it. In order to do justice to both desiderata, I propose to distinguish between individual and collective levels of reasonable hope, with democratic institutions and practices mediating between the two.
By returning to a pivotal moment in South African history - the Cape Colony in the period 1770-1830 - this book addresses current debates about nationalism colonialism and neo-colonialism and ...postcolonial/post-apartheid culture.
Knowledge and Colonialism examines writings and drawings of eighteenth-century scientific travellers in South Africa against the background of administrative and commercial discourses. It is argued ...that these travellers benefited more from their relationship with the colonial order than the other way around.
Hope across cultures Krafft, Andreas M; Guse, Tharina; Slezackova, Alena
2023, Letnik:
14
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This open access book presents an integrative and transdisciplinary conceptualization of hope and brings together cross-cultural studies based on quantitative data from around the globe. It ...incorporates state-of-the-art theories of hope from psychology, philosophy and theology and presents a novel approach to the study of hope in different life situations. The volume analyses empirical data from the Hope Barometer international research network, collected from more than 40,000 participants between 2017 and 2021. The authors use this broad database to investigate the nature and value of hope for well-being and flourishing at individual and societal levels, in various regions, and different cultural, religious and social backgrounds. The chapters study the cultural characteristics of different facets and elements of hope and furthermore explore its common qualities to elucidate the universal nature of hope across cultures. Comprehensive, transdisciplinary and cross-cultural in scope, this volume is of interest to a global readership across the social and behavioural sciences.
This open access volume makes an important contribution to the ongoing research on hope theory by combining insights from both its long history and its increasing multi-disciplinarity. In the first ...part, it recognizes the importance of the centuries-old reflection on hope by offering historical perspectives and tracing it back to ancient Greek philosophy. At the same time, it provides novel perspectives on often-overlooked historical theories and developments and challenges established views. The second part of the volume documents the state of the art of current research in hope across eight disciplines, which are philosophy, theology, psychology, economy, sociology, health studies, ecology, and development studies. Taken together, this volume provides an integrated view on hope as a multi-faced phenomenon. It contributes to the further understanding of hope as an essential human capacity, with the possibility of transforming our human societies.
In 1998 David Kruiper, the leader of the ‡Khomani San who today live in the Kalahari Desert in South Africa, lamented, "We have been made into nothing." His comment applies equally to the fate of all ...the hunter-gatherer societies of the Cape Colony who were destroyed by the impact of European colonialism. Until relatively recently, the extermination of the Cape San peoples has been treated as little more than a footnote to South African narratives of colonial conquest.During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Dutch-speaking pastoralists who infiltrated the Cape interior dispossessed its aboriginal inhabitants. In response to indigenous resistance, colonists formed mounted militia units known as commandos with the express purpose of destroying San bands. This ensured the virtual extinction of the Cape San peoples. InThe Anatomy of a South African Genocide,Mohamed Adhikariexamines the history of the San and persuasively presents the annihilation of Cape San society as genocide.
Intervention programs to strengthen hope in students have been developed and implemented in schools. The programs are based on Snyder's theory that defines hope as thoughts regarding personal ...capacities and pathways for goal attainment. Hope theory was recently extended to include external loci‐of‐hope, which derive from conjoint models of agency emphasized in collectivist societies. But evidence on external loci‐of‐hope's positive influence on students’ well‐being is limited. Two studies (involving student samples from four universities in Asian cities) explored how external loci‐of‐hope relate to students’ life satisfaction, personal well‐being (self‐esteem, self‐mastery), relational well‐being (relational self‐esteem, communal mastery), and coping styles for school‐related stress. Results show that external loci‐of‐hope dimensions predict students’ life satisfaction and relational aspects of well‐being, but also predict maladaptive coping. The results are discussed in relation to how the work of psychologists in schools benefit from approaches that contextualize theoretical precepts in cultural meanings and experiences in different parts of the world.
Therapist and client hope have both been conceptualized and empirically examined as factors that contribute to the reduction of clients' distress in treatment. That is, clients may come to therapy ...demoralized and without hope per Frank and Frank's contextual model of psychotherapy. Therapy can serve to increase their hope and thereby contribute to the reduction of distress; however, therapists also bring their own individual hope to the therapeutic process. Despite both parties contributing their hope as treatment factors, no research has yet simultaneously examined therapist and client hope. The purpose of this preliminary study was to test the relationships between therapist and client hope with the clients' distress to assess if these relationships hold when both perspectives are modeled. Naturalistic psychotherapy data from 99 clients receiving treatment in a community-serving, doctoral-training clinic were included. Multilevel modeling results indicated that therapist and client hope both significantly and negatively predict clients' distress over the course of treatment. Cross-lagged panel modeling demonstrated that therapists' hope predicted reductions in future sessions' psychological distress. Implications of these significant findings are discussed in connection with therapist and client factor literature, and future directions for the co-occurring examination of therapist and client hope are described.
Public Significance Statement
Outcomes in psychotherapy are often predicted by process variables like the alliance or intrapersonal experiences like outcome expectations, eliciting meaningful insight that informs treatment. Less is known about therapist and client hope, despite the potential for these concepts to influence outcomes. In this preliminary study, relationships among therapist hope, client hope, and client outcome are tested to serve clinicians and clients alike in being aware of the ways their hope may influence therapeutic outcomes.
