Abstract
Introduction/Objective
INSM1 is a transcription factor protein which is increasingly used as an immunohistochemical marker for neuroendocrine differentiation.
Methods/Case Report
To ...determine the prevalence of INSM1 expression in tumors and its expression pattern in normal tissues, tissue microarrays containing 14,908 samples from 117 different tumor types/subtypes as well as 76 different normal tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.
Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
INSM1 was positive in 89.2% of 471 neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) and in 3.5% of 11,815 non-neuroendocrine neoplasms that were successfully analyzed. INSM1 positivity occurred in 59 non- neuroendocrine tumor entities, of which 15 entities contained at least one strongly positive case. Comparison with synaptophysin and chromogranin A revealed that in NEN, synaptophysin showed the highest sensitivity (93.3%), followed by INSM1 (89.2%) and chromogranin A (87.5%). In neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC), sensitivity was highest for INSM1 (88.0%), followed by synaptophysin (86.5%) and chromogranin A (66.4%). The additional use of INSM1 increased the sensitivity for detecting neuroendocrine differentiation in NEN from 88.2% (synaptophysin and chromogranin A) to 91.2% (synaptophysin, chromogranin A and INSM1).
Conclusion
Our study shows that INSM1 is a useful additional marker for neuroendocrine differentiation that shows a particularly high sensitivity in NEC. The additional use of INSM1 results in a higher sensitivity for the identification of a neuroendocrine differentiation than what can be obtained by using only synaptophysin and chromogranin A.
Evaluation of tissues is a common and important aspect of translational research studies. Labeling techniques such as immunohistochemistry can stain cells/tissues to enhance identification of ...specific cell types, cellular activation states, and protein expression. While qualitative evaluation of labeled tissues has merit, use of semiquantitative and quantitative scoring approaches can greatly enhance the rigor of the tissue data. Adhering to key principles for reproducible scoring can enhance the quality and reproducibility of the tissue data so as to maximize its biological relevance and scientific impact.
Correspondence: 1 Corresponding Author: José A. Ramos-Vara, Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Purdue University, 406 South University, West Lafayette, IN 47907. ramosja{at}purdue.edu ...Correspondence: 2 Dr. Kiupel is Chair of the AAVLD Subcommittee on Standardization of IHC.
This document is the consensus of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians (AAVLD) Subcommittee on Standardization of Immunohistochemistry on a set of guidelines for immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing in veterinary laboratories. Immunohistochemistry is a powerful ancillary methodology frequently used in many veterinary laboratories for both diagnostic and research purposes. However, neither standardization nor validation of IHC tests has been completely achieved in veterinary medicine. This document addresses both issues. Topics covered include antibody selection, fixation, antigen retrieval, antibody incubation, antibody dilutions, tissue and reagent controls, buffers, and detection systems. The validation of an IHC test is addressed for both infectious diseases and neoplastic processes. In addition, storage and handling of IHC reagents, interpretation, quality control and assurance, and troubleshooting are also discussed. Proper standardization and validation of IHC will improve the quality of diagnostics in veterinary laboratories.
Key Words: Animal diseases diagnostic immunohistochemistry standardization validation
Solitary fibrous tumor of kidney Khan, Badre; Gupta, Naveen
Annals of Medical Science & Research,
05/2023, Letnik:
2, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Solitary fibrous tumor is a rare mesenchymal tumor usually described in the thoracic cavity. They may present in the genitourinary system with hematuria, enlarging abdominal mass and flank pain. ...Here, we report a case of 36-year-male patient with an incidental diagnosis of a left renal mass with histopathology and immunohistochemistry suggestive of a solitary fibrous tumor in a radical nephrectomy specimen.
Canine Mammary Tumors Peña, L.; Gama, A.; Goldschmidt, M. H. ...
Veterinary pathology,
01/2014, Letnik:
51, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Although there have been several studies on the use of immunohistochemical biomarkers of canine mammary tumors (CMTs), the results are difficult to compare. This article provides guidelines on the ...most useful immunohistochemical markers to standardize their use and understand how outcomes are measured, thus ensuring reproducibility of results. We have reviewed the biomarkers of canine mammary epithelial and myoepithelial cells and identified those biomarkers that are most useful and those biomarkers for invasion and lymph node micrometastatic disease. A 10% threshold for positive reaction for most of these markers is recommended. Guidelines on immunolabeling for HER2, estrogen receptors (ERs), and progesterone receptors (PRs) are provided along with the specific recommendations for interpretation of the results for each of these biomarkers in CMTs. Only 3+ HER2-positive tumors should be considered positive, as found in human breast cancer. The lack of any known response to adjuvant endocrine therapy of ER- and PR-positive CMTs prevents the use of the biological positive/negative threshold used in human breast cancer. Immunohistochemistry results of ER and PR in CMTs should be reported as the sum of the percentage of positive cells and the intensity of immunolabeling (Allred score). Incorporation of these recommendations in future studies, either prospective or retrospective, will provide a mechanism for the direct comparison of studies and will help to determine whether these biomarkers have prognostic significance. Finally, these biomarkers may ascertain the most appropriate treatment(s) for canine malignant mammary neoplasms.
Keywords Chlorogenic Acid; Cartilaginous endplate; Intervertebral disc degeneration; Endplate calcification; NF-kappaB signaling Aims Intervertebral Disc Degeneration (IDD) is a key factor involved ...in low back pain (LBP) which affects approximately 540 million individuals worldwide. Chlorogenic Acid (CGA), a natural compound, exerts anti-inflammatory property in several diseases. Here, we aim to investigate the biological effect of CGA on IDD and explore the underlying mechanism. Materials and methods Lumbar spine instability (LSI) model in mice was utilized to mimic process of IDD. The effects of CGA in response to LSI were evaluated by luminescent imaging, micro-CT, histomorphology, and immunohistochemistry in vivo. Besides, the cytotoxicity of CGA on chondrocytes was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and the biological effects were assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in vitro. Key findings We found that CGA treatment dramatically suppressed the NF-kappaB activity in LSI mice. Moreover, administration of CGA mitigated cartilaginous endplate degeneration and postponed IDD development accompanying a decrease of inflammatory and catabolic mediators. Specifically, CGA ameliorated endplate degeneration might be related to its protective effects against endplate chondrocytes apoptosis and trans-differentiation. We further elucidated that CGA exerted these biological effects mainly by repressing NF-kappaB signaling in cartilage endplate. Significance Our study has illustrated, for the first time, the curative effects as well as the latent mechanism of CGA in IDD and our results suggested that CGA administration might be used as an alternative therapy for IDD. Abbreviations LBP, low back pain; IDD, intervertebral disc degeneration; IVD, intervertebral disc; CEP, cartilaginous endplate; CGA, Chlorogenic Acid; NP, nucleus pulposus; AF, annulus fibrosus; TNF-alpha, tumor necrosis factor alpha; IL-1beta, interleukin-1 beta; MMPs, matrix metalloproteinases; LSI, lumbar spine instability; NF-kappaB, nuclear factor kappa-B; ABH/OG, Alcian Blue Hematoxylin/Orange G; TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling; CCK-8, cell counting kit-8; Runx2, runt-related transcription factor 2; p-p65, phosphorylated-p65; ECM, extracellular matrix; IHC, immunohistochemistry Author Affiliation: (a) Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China (b) The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China (c) Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China * Corresponding authors at: Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548, Binwen Road, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China. Article History: Received 11 September 2020; Revised 19 February 2021; Accepted 27 February 2021 (footnote)1 These authors have contributed equally to this work. Byline: Qinwen Ge (a,b,1), Jun Ying (a,c,1), Zhenyu Shi (a,b,1), Qiang Mao (a,c), Hongting Jin (a), Ping-er Wang (a), Jiali Chen (a), Wenhua Yuan (a), Peijian Tong peijiantongzjtcm@163.com (a,c,*), Ju Li dliju@aliyun.com (a,c,*)
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