An exploration of the modalities, affective intensities, and disturbing qualities of online pornography.
Digital production tools and online networks have dramatically increased the general ...visibility, accessibility, and diversity of pornography. Porn can be accessed for free, anonymously, and in a seemingly endless range of niches, styles, and formats. In Carnal Resonance, Susanna Paasonen moves beyond the usual debates over the legal, political, and moral aspects of pornography to address online porn in a media historical framework, investigating its modalities, its affect, and its visceral and disturbing qualities. Countering theorizations of pornography as emotionless, affectless, detached, and cold, Paasonen addresses experiences of porn largely through the notion of affect as gut reactions, intensities of experience, bodily sensations, resonances, and ambiguous feelings. She links these investigations to considerations of methodology (ways of theorizing and analyzing online porn and affect), questions of materiality (bodies, technologies, and inscriptions), and the evolution of online pornography.
Paasonen dicusses the development of online porn, focusing on the figure of the porn consumer, and considers user-generated content and amateur porn. She maps out the modality of online porn as hyperbolic, excessive, stylized, and repetitive, arguing that literal readings of the genre misunderstand its dynamics and appeal. And she analyzes viral videos and extreme and shock pornogaphy, arguing for the centrality of disgust and shame in the affective dynamics of porn. Paasonen's analysis makes clear the crucial role of media technologies—digital production tools and networked communications in particular—in the forms that porn takes, the resonances it stirs, and the experiences it makes possible.
This Special Issue presents some of the main emerging research on technological topics of health and education approaches to Internet use-related problems, before and during the beginning of ...coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The objective is to provide an overview to facilitate a comprehensive and practical approach to these new trends to promote research, interventions, education, and prevention. It contains 40 papers, four reviews and thirty-five empirical papers and an editorial introducing everything in a rapid review format. Overall, the empirical ones are of a relational type, associating specific behavioral addictive problems with individual factors, and a few with contextual factors, generally in adult populations. Many have adapted scales to measure these problems, and a few cover experiments and mixed methods studies. The reviews tend to be about the concepts and measures of these problems, intervention options, and prevention. In summary, it seems that these are a global culture trend impacting health and educational domains. Internet use-related addiction problems have emerged in almost all societies, and strategies to cope with them are under development to offer solutions to these contemporary challenges, especially during the pandemic situation that has highlighted the global health problems that we have, and how to holistically tackle them.
O presente resumo propõe-se a discutir as tecnologias digitais no mundo contemporâneo, seu uso e alguns pontos de atenção devido ao imperativo atual de se estar em constante interação digital, ...compartilhando informações a todo momento, como fotos, comentários e opiniões, comprando ou pagando contas. A metodologia é de cunho bibliográfico, amparada nos Estudos Culturais e Educação. Nesse sentido, a discussão parte do conceito de Homos oeconomicus acessibilis, defendida por Saraiva e Loureiro (2017). Segundo as autoras, esse novo sujeito é alguém governado e controlado por meio da sua própria liberdade de navegação na internet. Também é usado o conceito de governamento de Foucault (1999), como novas estratégias de poder menos visíveis, mais complexas e sutis. No mesmo caminho dessa discussão quanto aos tensionamentos provocados pelo mundo digital, são apresentadas as ideias de Morozov no vídeo “Será que a internet é o que Orwell temia?”. A partir dessas reflexões, constata-se que o terreno da internet é cheio de tensionamento e um lugar movediço. Nele se é mais do que controlado: é um lugar de invasão em que se privatiza o comum e se assujeitam os indivíduos. Assim, não basta apenas ampliar o acesso de forma democrática; seria necessário instrumentalizar os indivíduos quanto ao funcionamento da internet e possibilitar a sua participação política efetiva nessa esfera.
This article re-examines the popular concept of Internet addiction, discusses the key problems associated with it, and proposes possible alternatives. The concept of Internet addiction is inadequate ...for several reasons. Addiction may be a correct designation only for the minority of individuals who meet the general criteria for addiction, and it needs to be better demarcated from various patterns of excessive or abnormal use. Addiction to the Internet as a medium does not exist, although the Internet as a medium may play an important role in making some behaviors addictive. The Internet can no longer be separated from other potentially overused media, such as text messaging and gaming platforms. Internet addiction is conceptually too heterogeneous because it pertains to a variety of very different behaviors. Internet addiction should be replaced by terms that refer to the specific behaviors (eg, gaming, gambling, or sexual activity), regardless of whether these are performed online or offline.
La tecnología digital en red integra las prácticas culturales de la sociedad del siglo XXI, el funcionamiento de los estados, la política y la forma en que nos relacionamos con el mundo. “Internet es ...el tejido de nuestras vidas. Podría compararse tanto con una red eléctrica como con un motor eléctrico, en su capacidad de distribuir el poder de la información en todo el ámbito de la actividad humana” (Castells, 2003). La producción audiovisual no es ajena a esta tecnología digital online, al contrario, a través de ella absorbe elementos estéticos interactivos y da lugar a otros formatos narrativos. El espacio de la narrativa moderna es reemplazado por una narrativa continua e ininterrumpida, los límites entre autor y audiencia se reconfiguran en nuevas dimensiones interactivas. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el documental interactivo como un género audiovisual que emerge en una cultura digital, híbrida y fluida. Documentales interactivos, I-docs, webdoc, factuales interactivos, documental ampliado, documental transmedia son algunos de los nombres que se utilizan para referirse a este nuevo género audiovisual que mezcla características de Internet y del género documental. A partir de una investigación bibliográfica sobre la naturaleza de este género interactivo y de proyectos documentales web, repasamos sus principales características y su desarrollo actual.
As seen in "a NULL" Wired and "a NULL" Time
A revealing look at how negative biases against women of color are embedded in search engine results and algorithms
Run a Google search for "black ...girls"-what will you find? "Big Booty" and other sexually explicit terms are likely to come up as top search terms. But, if you type in "white girls," the results are radically different. The suggested porn sites and un-moderated discussions about "why black women are so sassy" or "why black women are so angry" presents a disturbing portrait of black womanhood in modern society.
In Algorithms of Oppression, Safiya Umoja Noble challenges the idea that search engines like Google offer an equal playing field for all forms of ideas, identities, and activities. Data discrimination is a real social problem; Noble argues that the combination of private interests in promoting certain sites, along with the monopoly status of a relatively small number of Internet search engines, leads to a biased set of search algorithms that privilege whiteness and discriminate against people of color, specifically women of color.
Through an analysis of textual and media searches as well as extensive research on paid online advertising, Noble exposes a culture of racism and sexism in the way discoverability is created online. As search engines and their related companies grow in importance-operating as a source for email, a major vehicle for primary and secondary school learning, and beyond-understanding and reversing these disquieting trends and discriminatory practices is of utmost importance.
An original, surprising and, at times, disturbing account of bias on the internet, Algorithms of Oppression contributes to our understanding of how racism is created, maintained, and disseminated in the 21st century.
Safiya Noble discusses search engine bias in an interview with USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism
Es en el segundo capítulo, la autora aborda el concepto de "animal enfermo": ser humano vulnerable en su corporalidad, pero también como proyecto irresuelto, pues la autoconciencia es una ..."enfermedad" que nos lleva a buscar un sentido que no está dado por naturaleza. Así como la medicina cuida y promueve la salud, la filosofía, sugiere el capítulo cuarto, contribuye a la construcción individual de nuestra propia existencia. Luego, el capítulo séptimo se centra en que la naturaleza humana es siempre construcción; una tesis que la autora lleva más lejos en el capítulo séptimo, en el que trabaja con la idea de que el ser humano se da un estilo propio del carácter al ser un productor-artista de sí mismo. Aunque parezca una pasión enfermiza en algunas ocasiones, quizá sea el instinto terapéutico más humano del "animal enfermo" que somos y bien puede constituir una nueva "salud". Si se echa un vistazo a la población chilena actual es posible identificar dificultades y obstáculos mayúsculos de cara a una recepción activa y crítica de los contenidos del texto. En consecuencia, si decíamos que toda actividad humana, leer un libro, darse un tiempo para conocer, reflexionar y contemplar, requiere del más mínimo brío y, si se quiere, enfoque y disciplina; y a falta de ello, aquella postura pasiva y receptiva lleva inevitablemente a la frustración -y quien sabe, el aumento de la depresión y sus sucedáneos. Lamentablemente, la juventud actual está amenazada de sucumbir a una segunda infancia que la priva de la autonomía y fortaleza necesaria para conquistar la nueva salud a la que nos invita el texto de Diana: sanar nuestra naturaleza enferma, desorientada y abrumada por la necesidad de un sentido que guíe nuestra existencia, al comprendemos y comprender la realidad que nos rodea a través de la praxis filosófica.
