The adoption of digital signatures is becoming increasingly popular among Malaysian users due to its many advantages, including increased security, convenience, and cost savings. However, one of the ...challenges that users face is the lack of cross Certification Authority (CA) interoperability, which hinders the ability to use digital signatures across different platforms and services. To address this challenge, there is a growing need for promoting cross CA interoperability in Malaysia, which would enable users to use digital signatures seamlessly across various platforms and services. This paper aims to identify the CA capacity and digital signature market demand in promoting cross CA interoperability. This can be achieved through the qualitative interviews from CAs operating in Malaysia to gather views on interoperability across their platforms, the value and implications of such practice, and to establish the potential relationship between interoperability and increased Digital Signature efficiency and market demand. The interview data is analyzed using Atlas.ti and meta-analysis. Based on the result, the adoption of digital signatures and the promotion of cross CA interoperability are critical for advancing Malaysia's digital economy and enhancing the country’s overall competitiveness. With the right infrastructure and policies in place, Malaysia can become a leader in the use of digital signatures and the promotion of cross CA interoperability, which would benefit both individuals and businesses alike.
•Presents a systematic literature review of Interoperability Assessment Approaches.•Elucidates different interoperability frameworks, assessment approaches and measurement techniques and ...mechanisms.•Follows a scientific approach for selecting relevant Interoperability Assessment Approaches.•Includes a comparative analysis of the selected Approaches.•Discusses the limitations of the main Interoperability Assessment Approaches.
The development of Interoperability is a necessity for organisations to achieve business goals and capture new market opportunities. Indeed, interoperability allows enterprises to exchange information and use it to seize their shared goals. Therefore, it should be verified and continuously improved. This is the main objective of the Interoperability Assessment (INAS). Indeed, such an assessment aims at determining the strengths and weakness of an enterprise in terms of interoperability. Many surveys and reviews have been proposed in the literature to analyse the existing INAS approaches. However, the majority of these reviews are focusing on specific properties rather than a general view of an INAS. Therefore, this paper proposes a systematic literature review of INAS approaches. The objectives are to identify the relevant INAS approaches and to compare them based on a holistic view based on their similar and different properties (e.g. type of assessment, the used measurement mechanism, and the addressed interoperability barriers). A bibliometric analysis of the selected INAS approaches is also conducted with a discussion of their advantages and limitations.
Vast databases of billions of contact-based fingerprints have been developed to protect national borders and support e-governance programs. Emerging contactless fingerprint sensors offer better ...hygiene, security, and accuracy. However, the adoption/success of such contactless fingerprint technologies largely depends on advanced capability to match contactless 2D fingerprints with legacy contact-based fingerprint databases. This paper investigates such problem and develops a new approach to accurately match such fingerprint images. Robust thin-plate spline (RTPS) is developed to more accurately model elastic fingerprint deformations using splines. In order to correct such deformations on the contact-based fingerprints, RTPS-based generalized fingerprint deformation correction model (DCM) is proposed. The usage of DCM results in accurate alignment of key minutiae features observed on the contactless and contact-based fingerprints. Further improvement in such cross-matching performance is investigated by incorporating minutiae related ridges. We also develop a new database of 1800 contactless 2D fingerprints and the corresponding contact-based fingerprints acquired from 300 clients which is made publicly accessible for further research. The experimental results presented in this paper, using two publicly available databases, validate our approach and achieve outperforming results for matching contactless 2D and contact-based fingerprint images.
Summary
The vendor lock‐in is a prominent issue in cloud computing. It is caused by cloud providers who offer proprietary services, which hinders the cloud interoperability. Client‐centric ...interoperability enables the migration of the data and applications across clouds; it gives the clients control over their workloads and a wider range of service choices. Whereas, provider‐centric interoperability allows the providers to collaborate. Thus, providers, who have spare resources, can lend them to other providers who lack computational or storage capabilities to overcome the limitations of their local resources. In this article, we conduct a survey to differentiate between client‐ and provider‐centric interoperability solutions. We aim to provide an up‐to‐date analysis of the current tendencies and the neglected areas of the cloud interoperability field. Thus, we study the cloud service interoperability evolution through the years. Furthermore, we propose definitions for the intra‐cloud and inter‐cloud interoperability. Moreover, we propose a taxonomy to classify the cloud interoperability approaches into client‐centric and provider‐centric categories. Then, for each category, we classify the approaches based on their interoperability environment into single cloud or interconnected clouds. Finally, we analyze and compare the approaches based on multiple criteria. The study reveals the focus on the client‐centric solutions and the interoperability in interconnected clouds. We notice more interest in the data and application levels interoperability, mainly, in infrastructure as a service model. We also find that client‐centric solutions are, mostly, semantic technologies and brokers. However, provider‐centric solutions are middleware, protocols, and standards. We conclude that a generic cloud service interoperability model is needed.
The shop floor or factory floor is the area inside a factory where manufacturing production is executed. The digitalisation of this area has been increasing in the last few years, introducing the ...Digital Twin (DT) and the Industry 4.0 concepts. A DT is the digital representation of a real object or an entire system. A DT includes a high diversity of components from different vendors that need to interact with each other efficiently. In most cases, the development of standards and protocols does not consider the need to operate with other standards and protocols, causing interoperability issues. Transducers (sensors and actuators) use the communication layer to exchange information with digital contra parts, and for this reason, the communication layer is one of the most relevant aspects of development. This paper covers DT development, going from the physical to the visualisation layer. The reference architecture models, standards, and protocols focus on interoperability to reach a syntactic level of communication between the IEEE 1451 and the IEC 61499 standards. A semantic communication layer connects transducer devices to the digital representation, achieving a semantic level of interoperability. This communication layer adds semantics to the communication process, allowing the development of an interoperable DT based on the IEEE 1451 standards. The DT presented reaches the syntactic and semantic levels of interoperability, allowing the monitoring and visualisation of a prototype system.
•The interoperability models either use complex metrics or separate levels.•The interoperability models concentrate on selective aspects of interoperability.•The interoperability models focus on ...structure and content but not solutions.•Visualization and visual analytics have a potential to assess interoperability.
Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are developed through the cooperation of several engineering disciplines. Powerful software tools are utilized by each individual discipline, but it remains challenging to connect these into tool chains for increased efficiency. To support this endeavour, the literature on interoperability assessment was surveyed to identify concepts valuable to transfer from the interoperability to the tool integration research field.
Implementation options, types of interoperability and domains described in interoperability assessment models were concepts identified as directly transferable. To avoid the problems with uptake that plague the models identified, visual analytics is suggested as a vehicle for the transfer. Furthermore, based on the use of non-functional properties as an underlying motivation for these models, cost, performance and sustainability are suggested as a common base for future research in both discourses.
In this paper, the concept of C4ISR systems interoperability is analyzed and the difference compared with traditional system interoperability is presented. The influencing factors of C4ISR system ...interoperability is analyzed from the overall framework of the US military global information grid. Six attributes including structure, application, facility, security, operation and maintenance, and data are selected. The selection process of evaluation attributes is described. Based on the enhanced interoperability maturity mode, the C4ISR system level attribute model is given by combing with the development trend of C4ISR system technology system. The grade of maturity and an evaluation index system for C4ISR systems interoperability are built and the index level reference model is designed. Combining qualitative assessment with quantitative assessment, an index synthesis criterion based on the mapping model and the corresponding interoperability level evaluation method for C4ISR systems are proposed to provide a specific method model for measuring the interoperability level of the C4ISR system.
Make Web3.0 Connected Liu, Zhuotao; Xiang, Yangxi; Shi, Jian ...
IEEE transactions on dependable and secure computing,
09/2022, Letnik:
19, Številka:
5
Journal Article
<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">{\mathsf Web3.0}</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">Web</mml:mi><mml:mn ...mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mml:mn><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mn mathvariant="sans-serif">0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq1-3079315.gif"/> </inline-formula>, often cited to drastically shape our lives, is ubiquitous. However, few literatures have discussed the crucial differentiators that separate <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">{\mathsf Web3.0}</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">Web</mml:mi><mml:mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mml:mn><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mn mathvariant="sans-serif">0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq2-3079315.gif"/> </inline-formula> from the era we are currently living in. Via a thorough analysis of the recent blockchain infrastructure evolution, we capture a key invariant featuring the evolution, based on which we provide the first academic definition for <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">{\mathsf Web3.0}</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">Web</mml:mi><mml:mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mml:mn><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mn mathvariant="sans-serif">0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq3-3079315.gif"/> </inline-formula>. Our definition is not the only way of understanding <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">{\mathsf Web3.0}</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">Web</mml:mi><mml:mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mml:mn><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mn mathvariant="sans-serif">0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq4-3079315.gif"/> </inline-formula>, yet, it captures the fundamental and defining trait of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">{\mathsf Web3.0}</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">Web</mml:mi><mml:mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mml:mn><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mn mathvariant="sans-serif">0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq5-3079315.gif"/> </inline-formula>, and meanwhile it is has two desirable properties. Under this definition, we articulate three key categories of infrastructural enablers for <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">{\mathsf Web3.0}</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">Web</mml:mi><mml:mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mml:mn><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mn mathvariant="sans-serif">0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq6-3079315.gif"/> </inline-formula>: individual smart-contract capable blockchains, federated or centralized platforms capable of publishing verifiable states, and an interoperability platform to hyperconnect those state publishers to provide a unified and connected computing platform for <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">{\mathsf Web3.0}</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">Web</mml:mi><mml:mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mml:mn><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mn mathvariant="sans-serif">0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq7-3079315.gif"/> </inline-formula> applications. While innovations in all categories are necessary to fully enable <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">{\mathsf Web3.0}</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">Web</mml:mi><mml:mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mml:mn><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mn mathvariant="sans-serif">0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq8-3079315.gif"/> </inline-formula>, in this article, we present a design for the third enabler, i.e., the first interoperability platform, namely <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">{\mathsf HyperService}</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">HyperService</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq9-3079315.gif"/> </inline-formula>, that advances the state-of-the-art by simultaneously delivers interoperability and programmability across heterogeneous blockchains and state publishers. <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">{\mathsf HyperService}</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">HyperService</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq10-3079315.gif"/> </inline-formula> is powered by two innovative designs: <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">{\mathsf (i)}</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">i</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq11-3079315.gif"/> </inline-formula> a developer-facing programming framework that allows developers to build cross-chain applications in a unified programming model; and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">{\mathsf (ii)}</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">ii</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq12-3079315.gif"/> </inline-formula> a secure blockchain-facing cryptography protocol that provably realizes those applications on blockchains. We implement a prototype of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">{\mathsf HyperService}</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">HyperService</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq13-3079315.gif"/> </inline-formula> in approximately 62,000 lines of code to demonstrate its practicality, usability and scalability.
Blockchains can be public, permissionless networks implementing novel cryptocurrency-based technology features or permissioned, interorganizational networks championed by industry consortia. Some ...ventures operationalize a hybrid of these two network types to enhance adoption of their blockchain platforms by broadening their base of stakeholders or facilitating interoperability between heterogeneous blockchains. In this article, we synthesize literature and industry writings to identify four hybrid blockchain architectures: hybrid blockchain approach, connected hybrid blockchain, interoperable blockchain architecture, and hard-forked blockchain for enterprise use. We then analyze these architectures along dimensions of semantic modeling support between private and public networks, data connectivity between networks, syntactic interoperability support between networks with heterogeneous codebases, governance model, and technical features. We find that hybrid blockchain ventures make trade-offs: support API's, tools, and customized development so that a codebase is useful for private and public networks or provide such support for interoperation between heterogeneous codebases. We then conduct a case study of an exemplar for a hybrid blockchain approach, the startup Insolar. We identify characteristics that have led Insolar to be idiosyncratically agile and effective in its blockchain development, which together with our architecture analysis may be timely and prescriptive as enterprises grow interested in addressing blockchain hybridity and interoperability.
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