The aim of this article is to present a methodology for guiding enterprises to implement and improve interoperability. This methodology is based on three components: a framework of interoperability ...which structures specific solutions of interoperability and is composed of abstraction levels, views and approaches dimensions; a method to measure interoperability including interoperability before (maturity) and during (operational performances) a partnership; and a structured approach defining the steps of the methodology, from the expression of an enterprise's needs to implementation of solutions. The relationship which consistently relates these components forms the methodology and enables developing interoperability in a step-by-step manner. Each component of the methodology and the way it operates is presented. The overall approach is illustrated in a case study example on the basis of a process between a given company and its dealers. Conclusions and future perspectives are given at the end of the article.
Over the past decades, tremendous technological advances have emerged in human motion analysis (HMA).
How has technology for analysing human motion evolved over the past decades, and what clinical ...applications has it enabled?
The literature on HMA has been extensively reviewed, focusing on three main approaches: Fully-Instrumented Gait Analysis (FGA), Wearable Sensor Analysis (WSA), and Deep-Learning Video Analysis (DVA), considering both technical and clinical aspects.
FGA techniques relying on data collected using stereophotogrammetric systems, force plates, and electromyographic sensors have been dramatically improved providing highly accurate estimates of the biomechanics of motion. WSA techniques have been developed with the advances in data collection at home and in community settings. DVA techniques have emerged through artificial intelligence, which has marked the last decade. Some authors have considered WSA and DVA techniques as alternatives to “traditional” HMA techniques. They have suggested that WSA and DVA techniques are destined to replace FGA.
We argue that FGA, WSA, and DVA complement each other and hence should be accounted as “synergistic” in the context of modern HMA and its clinical applications. We point out that DVA techniques are especially attractive as screening techniques, WSA methods enable data collection in the home and community for extensive periods of time, and FGA does maintain superior accuracy and should be the preferred technique when a complete and highly accurate biomechanical data is required. Accordingly, we envision that future clinical applications of HMA would favour screening patients using DVA in the outpatient setting. If deemed clinically appropriate, then WSA would be used to collect data in the home and community to derive relevant information. If accurate kinetic data is needed, then patients should be referred to specialized centres where an FGA system is available, together with medical imaging and thorough clinical assessments.
•Gait analysis by stereophotogrammetry provides highly accurate biomechanics of motion.•Wearable sensors enable ecological data collection at home and in community setting.•Deep-learning video analysis can perform motion capture without instruments on subjects.•Several authors suggest more modern technologies shall replace traditional gait analysis.•We argue that these three technologies complement each other and shall be “synergistic”.
•RxNorm dose forms can be aligned to EDQM using RxNorm DF codes.•Key EDQM codes for dose form identification are RCA, ISI, TRA, and AME.•An alignment obstacle is lower granularity of RxNorm compared ...to EDQM.•Many unique dosage forms are comprised of the same EDQM descriptors.
There is currently no system that aligns pharmaceutically equivalent medicinal products across nations, creating obstacles to transnational medication prescribing and medical research. EDQM has been internationally recognized as the leading system in systematic pharmaceutical product descriptions. RxNorm is a critical terminology based in the US and used widely in applications internationally that would benefit from alignment with EDQM-based dosage form descriptions.
Demonstrate a method for alignment of RxNorm dosage forms with EDQM terminologies and with EDQM dosage forms. Describe obstacles and advantages of such an alignment for ultimate application in calculating universal Pharmaceutical Product Identifiers.
A pharmaceutical sciences student and a clinical pharmacology expert in dosage forms used definitions supplied by RxNorm and EDQM technical documentation to align the 120 RxNorm dose forms to EDQM-based dosage form description terms. The alignment of RxNorm to EDQM was then used to fit the RxNorm dose forms into an ontology based on EDQM.
The alignment of RxNorm and EDQM requires further validation but provides a potential method of establishing interoperability between the two terminologies without cumbersome manual reclassification. There remain ambiguities within each dosage form nomenclature that create obstacles to integrating medication databases rooted in EDQM and RxNorm into a single worldwide database.
Toward a Model for Personal Health Record Interoperability Roehrs, Alex; da Costa, Cristiano Andre; da Rosa Righi, Rodrigo ...
IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics,
2019-March, 2019-03-00, 2019-3-00, 20190301, Letnik:
23, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Health information technology, applied to electronic health record (EHR), has evolved with the adoption of standards for defining patient health records. However, there are many standards for ...defining such data, hindering communication between different healthcare providers. Even with adopted standards, patients often need to repeatedly provide their health information when they are taken care of at different locations. This problem hinders the adoption of personal health record (PHR), with the patients' health records under their own control. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to propose an interoperability model for PHR use. The methodology consisted prototyping an application model named OmniPHR, to evaluate the structuring of semantic interoperability and integration of different health standards, using a real database from anonymized patients. We evaluated health data from a hospital database with 38 645 adult patients' medical records processed using different standards, represented by openEHR, HL7 FHIR, and MIMIC-III reference models. OmniPHR demonstrated the feasibility to provide interoperability through a standard ontology and artificial intelligence with natural language processing (NLP). Although the first executions reached a 76.39% F1-score and required retraining of the machine-learning process, the final score was 87.9%, presenting a way to obtain the original data from different standards on a single format. Unlike other models, OmniPHR presents a unified, structural semantic and up-to-date vision of PHR for patients and healthcare providers. The results were promising and demonstrated the possibility of subsidizing the creation of inferences rules about possible patient health problems or preventing future problems.
•Using metrics for interoperability assessment is applicable and useful.•Extra metrics are recommended to add into the framework e.g. human resources and change management are also important for ...interoperability evaluation.•Technology alone cannot resolve business processes interoperability problems.•Human resources is a critical component for interoperability.
In the current socio-economic environment, to face challenges such as the emergence of new technologies, globalisation and increasing demands from their clients it is inevitable that enterprises will collaborate with others and progressively shift their boundaries. In this context, interoperability has become a prerequisite in the jigsaw of such collaboration. By definition, it is entities’ ability to work together as an organisation. This ability spans a wide range of aspects, embracing both technical and business issues. Over the past decade, both the concept and the context of interoperability have been extended from a largely IT-focused domain to a business-focused domain and the evaluation of interoperability has become a rising concern. An increasing number of studies have concentrated on not just digital but business aspects of human behaviour in the social environment. In general, the wider application domain is the assessment of the interoperability of information systems and processes in any organisation (especially medium and large) that needs multiple processes to interact effectively.
To deal with such concerns and pave the way to achievement of more effective collaborative goals in business, the concept of interoperability has been adopted to measure the efficiency and productivity of information systems’ integration. More than twenty approaches have so far been adopted to evaluate this interoperability, however most are unable to assess it at the higher levels, such as at the pragmatic, process and social levels. Hence, we have conducted a three-phase study. Phase 1 reviewed existing interoperability evaluation approaches. To prove the concept, phase 2 proposed the concept of semiotic interoperability and its application to healthcare information systems. This article reports on the third phase of the study, a proposed framework with a group of metrics to measure interoperability from a new perspective – a semiotics perspective. The framework is named the Semiotic Interoperability Evaluation Framework (the SIEF) and has the ability to analyse, measure and assess the interoperability among business processes. The metrics derive from a feasibility study to investigate several interoperability barriers at a hospital. Next, the SIEF was applied in a case study and a detailed interoperability evaluation was conducted.
Pediatric populations are uniquely vulnerable to the usability and safety challenges of electronic health records (EHRs), particularly those related to medication, yet little is known about the ...specific issues contributing to hazards. To understand specific usability issues and medication errors in the care of children, we analyzed 9,000 patient safety reports, made in the period 2012-17, from three different health care institutions that were likely related to EHR use. Of the 9,000 reports, 3,243 (36 percent) had a usability issue that contributed to the medication event, and 609 (18.8 percent) of the 3,243 might have resulted in patient harm. The general pattern of usability challenges and medication errors were the same across the three sites. The most common usability challenges were associated with system feedback and the visual display. The most common medication error was improper dosing.
Smart-building digital twins aim to virtually replicate the static and dynamic building characteristics through real-time connectivity between the virtual and physical counterparts. The virtual ...replica of the building can then be leveraged to monitor the current state, predict the future state, and take proactive measures to ensure optimal operation. Despite its potential, smart-building digital twin research is at an early stage compared to manufacturing and aerospace fields. One of the major impediments to adopting digital twin technology in smart buildings is the lack of interoperability, primarily between Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Internet of Things (IoT) data sources. Consequently, this paper presents a novel multi-layer digital twin architecture for smart buildings called BIM-IoT Data Integration (BIM-IoTDI) to enable semantic interoperability among smart-building digital twin applications. A detailed framework is presented based on the newly developed architecture, introducing an ontology-based query mediation method that provides integrated data access. An experimental evaluation model is developed to characterize the feasibility of the BIM-IoTDI architecture and framework. Furthermore, the performance of the new query mediation method is evaluated and compared to an existing BIM-IoT data integration approach. According to the evaluation results, the BIM-IoTDI architecture and framework are better suited to supporting the envisioned smart-building digital twin capabilities.
Multiple Protocol Converter Sivaraj, D.; Ragavi, G.
Journal of physics. Conference series,
06/2021, Letnik:
1917, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Abstract
In the modern world, IoT plays a vital role. In general, each device works on a different protocol. The problem of achieving communication between two processes across a network or an ...internetwork is considered. The notion of logical connectivity between processes in a protocol is formalized. The problem of constructing a protocol converter to achieve interoperability between processes that implement different protocols is addressed. A formal model is presented, based on the theory of protocol projection, for reasoning about the semantics of different protocols and conversions between them. This paper ‘Multiple Protocol Converter’ aims in converting from one protocol to any other protocol as per the requirement which supports different devices to interconnect with IoT seamlessly.
Traditionally, the one-to-one interaction between heterogeneous software has become the most commonly used method for multi-disciplinary collaboration in building projects, resulting in numerous data ...interfaces, different data formats, and inefficient collaboration. As the prevalence of Building Information Modeling (BIM) increases in building projects, it is expected that the exchange of Industry Foundation Classes (IFC)-based data can smoothly take place between heterogeneous BIM software. However, interoperability issues frequently occur during bidirectional data exchanges using IFC. Hence, a data interoperability experiment, including architectural, structural and MEP models from a practical project, was conducted to analyze these issues in the process of data import and re-export between heterogeneous software. According to the results, the fundamental causes of interoperability issues can be concluded as follows: (a) software tools cannot well interpret several objects belonging to other disciplines due to the difference in domain knowledge; (b) software tools have diverse methods to represent the same geometry, properties and relations, leading to inconsistent model data. Furthermore, this paper presents a suggested method for improving the existing bidirectional data sharing and exchange: BIM software tools export models using IFC format, and these IFC models are imported into a common IFC-based BIM platform for data interoperability.
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