To evaluate the efficacy of biochelators for phytoremediation of cadmium (Cd), effects of biochelators (humic acid, HA; polyaspartic acid, PASP; rhamnolipid, RLs) and synthetic chelator (sodium ...tripolyphosphate, STPP) on the growth, accumulation, and antioxidant index of Cd were investigated in Iris sibirica L. The results indicated that the addition of HA increased the dry weight of leaves and stems, and the addition of PASP, RLs, and STPP increased the growth of leaves but inhibited the growth of stems. The determination of Cd accumulation indicated that HA decreased the content of Cd in all tissues, while the addition of PASP, RLs, and STPP increased the accumulation of Cd in stems and roots. In addition, the determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activities indicated that the treatment of PASP and RLs increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, which might be beneficial to the resistance of Cd for Iris sibirica L. Overall, these results indicated that biochelators may improve the phytoremediation efficacy of Iris sibirica L. on Cd polluted paddy field. Among the tested chelators, PASP exhibited the best comprehensive efficacy and the highest commercial potential.
Heavy metal pollution in mine wastelands is quite severe. Iris sibirica L., an emergent wetland plant, is characterized by an ability to survive under high stress of heavy metals. This study aimed to ...explore the phytoremediation ability of nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and lead (Pb) by Iris sibirica L. under hydroponic conditions. A series of tests were conducted at different metal stress conditions to evaluate the phytoextraction and tolerance of Iris sibirica L. The concentrations of Ni, Co, and Pb in plant shoots reached their highest values in 500 mg L−1 treatments, where they were 6.55%, 23.64%, and 79.24% higher than those in 300 mg L−1, respectively. The same concentrations in roots also reached their peak in 500 mg L−1 treatments, where they were 5.52%, 33.02%, and 70.15% higher than those in 300 mg L−1, respectively. Bioconcentration factors (BCF) for Ni, Co, and Pb revealed the phytoextraction ability of Iris sibirica L., and the translocation factors (TCF) showed that Ni may be most easily translocated in the plant, followed by Co and Pb. This study indicates that, compared with Ni and Co, Iris sibirica L. is more suitable for the phytoremediation of Pb-contaminated metal mine wastelands.
The current distribution of rare species Iris sibirica L. was established in Ukraine. A range of I. sibirica distribution are lined. All I. sibirica known localities are listed and mapped.
In this study, lignin content data are presented for annual regenerant
Iris sibirica
plants, comparable to those in six-year-old intact plants. The structure of the shoots of
Iris sibirica
grown on ...artificial nutrient media was studied by the histochemical method. Features of the formation of the xylem in
Iris sibirica
on artificial nutrient media were revealed. Regenerants very quickly developed a complex system consisting of vascular bundles containing sieve tubes, vessels and tracheids, and hydrocyte systems. Hydrocytes of
Iris sibirica
were tracheids with lignified thickening, but, in contrast to tracheids and vessels of xylem (they are formed based on procambium or cambium—special lateral primary or secondary meristem), hydrocytes differentiated from the cells of permanent tissues (like phellogen), which probably possessed meristematic activity at the time of differentiation. In
Iris sibirica
hydrocytes covered the vascular bundle by the thick layer and strung along it up to a certain height. High lignin content in young regenerant
Iris sibirica
plants was due to the formation of the dense tissue from lignified tracheal elements. The study of the differentiation of xylem elements under controlled conditions can serve as a model for our understanding of wood formation processes.
The development of biotechnological methods for producing medicinal plants, preserving the valuable elemental and chemical composition of the group, is one of the most important tasks of the ...pharmaceutical and food industries. The goal of this study was to investigate the elemental composition of regenerant
I. sibirica
in comparison with intact plants. We studied the biomass of leaves, rhizomes and roots of plants of regenerant
I. sibirica
varieties Cambridge and Sterh obtained by microclonal multiplication in Altai State University (Barnaul, Russia). The elemental composition was evaluated using atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-spectrometer Optima 7300 DV, PerkinElmer). The intensity and specificity of accumulation of chemical elements from culture media in organs of
I. sibirica
plants regenerated by tissue culture was studied. Energetic accumulation elements—K, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Mo Cu, as well as a strong accumulation element Co— were determined based on obtained data. Calcium in the leaves of regenerant plants was defined as an energetic accumulation element, and in the roots and rhizomes as a strong accumulation element. In tissue culture, the two
I. sibirica
varieties Cambridge and Sterh accumulated chemical elements with the same intensity. Based on spectrometric analysis in
I. sibirica
biomass 24 chemical elements were identified and a series of preferential accumulation constructed: K > Ca > Mg > Fe > Al > Na > Mn > Zn > Sr > Ba > Ti > Cu > V > Pb > Ni > As > Mo > Co > Sb > Sn > Se > Cd > Ag > Be. Studies have shown that the qualitative composition of the elements found in regenerant and intact
I. sibirica
plants was identical, while the quantitative content differed significantly. We established that regenerant
I. sibirica
variety Cambridge were concentrators of manganese (leaves, roots and rhizomes). In the studied samples
I. sibirica
variety Cambridge, the concentration of heavy metals Pb, Cd and As did not exceed the permissible level for plant-based dietary supplements. The mercury content did not exceed the sensitivity threshold of the device. The possibility of using regenerant and intact
I. sibirica
plants as sources of various macro- and trace elements was demonstrated. The specificity of the accumulation of studied elements during in vitro cultivation of
I. sibirica
also should be considered.
The results of the study of Iris sibirica L. coenopopulations in the Crimean Mountains are elucidated. The Iris sibirica localities in the peninsula are supposed to be an exclave in the whole area. ...The coenotic conditions of localities, spatial and age structures of coenopopulations, morphometric parameters of Iris sibirica specimens are presented.
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