This handbook provides comprehensive and expert analysis of the impact of the Brexit process and the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union on existing and future EU-UK relations ...within the context of both EU and international law.
Examining the wider international law implications, it additionally assesses the complex legal consequences of Brexit for both the EU and the UK in their dealings with third states and other international organizations. With contributions from renowned specialists in the field of EU external action, each chapter will analyse specific policy areas to address key challenges arising from the Brexit process for the EU and the UK and propose solutions to overcome these problems. The handbook aims to fill a gap in research by assessing the consequences of Brexit under EU external relations law and international law. As such, it is hoped it will set the research agenda for coming years on the international dimension of Brexit.
The Routledge Handbook on the International Dimension of Brexit is an authoritative and essential reference text for scholars and students of international and European/EU law and policy, EU politics, and British politics and Brexit, as well as of key relevance to legal practitioners involved in Brexit, governments, policy-makers, civil society organizations, think tanks, practitioners, national parliaments and the Court of Justice.
Environmental problems – particularly climate change – have become increasingly important to governments and social researchers in recent decades. Debates about their implications for social policies ...and welfare reforms are now moving towards centre stage. What has been missing from such debates is an account of the history of the welfare state in relation to environmental issues and green ideas.
A Green History of the Welfare State fills this gap. How have the environmental and social policy agendas developed? To what extent have welfare systems been informed by the principles of environmental ethics and politics? How effective has the welfare state been at addressing environmental problems? How might the history of social policies be reimagined? With its lively, chronological narrative, this book provides answers to these questions. Through overviews of key periods, politicians and reforms the book weaves together a range of subjects into a new kind of historical tapestry, including: social policy, economics, party politics, government action and legislation, and environmental issues.
This book will be a valuable resource for students and scholars of environmental policy and history, social and public policy, social history, sociology and politics.
This Routledge Focus aims to investigate and analyse the United Kingdom’s relationship with the European Communities (EC) and the European Union (EU). Since joining the EC in 1973, the UK has had a ...fraught relationship with the organization, declining closer economic union in the eurozone and, often, arguing against closer political union. While some 67% of the UK’s voters opted to remain in the EC in a referendum held in 1975, by June 2016 a narrow majority favoured leaving the EU. This volume evaluates the UK’s journey into the Union, and examines how the country’s voters came to decide on Brexit, and where the UK’s departure from the EU may lead it.
Julie Smith is Director of the European Centre, POLIS Department, Cambridge University, and Fellow of Robinson College, Cambridge. She is also a member of the United Kingdom House of Lords.
1. Introduction
2. The Origins of European Integration: Emerging Lines of (Dis-)engagement
3. Winning and Losing: money, power and the politics of treaty reform
4. Leaving the People Behind
5. Seeking to reconcile Conservatives and Coalition
6. Cameron’s Three Rs: Reform, renegotiation, referendum
7. Where do we go from here?
Postscript
References
Index
Immigration in Ireland, including the Croatian one, has risen significantly in recent times. That is why in the last several years Ireland has been trying to find ways of ensuring the adequate ...cultural and linguistic integration of immigrants into Irish society. This paper deals with the language use and attitudes among Croatian immigrants in Ireland. The research that was conducted in the period from June to August 2019 included 82 Croatian immigrants in Ireland. It included the application of a questionnaire that consisted of four parts and that was filled out by the participants through the Facebook social network. The participants were asked questions connected to their emigration to Ireland. Most of the language-related questions included a reference to the English language, with a focus on specific aspects related to the process of learning, knowledge and use of English in different contexts. The results of the research suggest, among other things, that most participants have a positive attitude towards residing in Ireland and towards the English language. Most of them evaluated their current knowledge of English as better than average. Although the knowledge of English was not predominantly evaluated as crucial for finding employment in Ireland, still a significant number of participants evaluated it as relevant for their employment.
Irska godina Andrije Artukovića Cupek Hamill, Mirjana
Časopis za suvremenu povijest,
10/2014, Letnik:
46, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
At the end of March 1947, Andrija Artuković, under the name of Prof. Alois Anich, and the Franciscan friar Dr. Louis Ivandich, as his companion and relative, applied for visas in the Irish embassy in ...Berne, Switzerland. Attached to their applications were two letters of recommendation from the General of the Franciscan Order of Switzerland, Dr. Seraphim Berchten, in which he praised Dr. Anich as an important supporter of the Catholic Church, on the run from the Communist regime in Yugoslavia and somebody who could provide the Irish government with valuable information about Yugoslavia. After a brief hesitation and in spite of a recommendation from a high ranking official in the Department of Justice not to grant visas to those two individuals, final approval arrived from the Department of External Affairs in May 1947. Ivandich, Anich and his family arrived in Ireland on the 15th July and stayed there for a year. After the expiry of their visas, Ivandich left for Canada, and the Artukovichs for the USA. Soon after that the real identity of Anich was revealed and he started his struggle to stay in the USA as a displaced person. This article analyzes the short-lived dilemma of the Irish administration prior issuing the visas and tries to answer the question of what motives lay behind it, i.e. were the visas granted with the full knowledge of the Artukovich’s identity, in spite of it, because of it, or absent it. The author concludes that there was no knowledge of Anich’s real identity so the visas were not granted out of any alleged “pro-Nazi” inclinations of the then Irish administration but rather because of “Catholic solidarity” and the strong anti-Communist sentiment that marked contemporary Irish politics and political culture.
Prema procjenama, trenutno u Irskoj živi između 24.000 i 25.000 Hrvata koji su iselili nakon ulaska Hrvatske u Europsku uniju 2013. godine. Najintenzivnije iseljavanje iz Hrvatske u Irsku ...registrirano je 2017. godine kada je izdano približno 4.900 PPS-brojeva hrvatskim državljanima. Kretanje broja izdanih PPS-alokacija hrvatskim državljanima od 2013. do 2021. godine prema publikacijama irske statističke službe (Central Statistics Office), upozorila je na 1,8 puta veće razmjere iseljavanja iz Hrvatske u Irsku nego DZS i smatra se najrelevantnijim pokazateljem neto imigracije iz Hrvatske u Irsku. Dobni profil iseljenika u Irsku ne razlikuje se znatno od klasičnoga recentnoga iseljenika iz Hrvatske, uglavnom je riječ o iseljenim osobama koje su trenutno u mlađoj i zreloj radnoj dobi, tj. između 30 i 35, te 40 i 50 godina starosti, koje u Irskoj žive između 6 i 10 godina. S obzirom na to da se standardna kvalitativna
istraživanja iseljavanja iz Hrvatske temelje na definiranju motiva odlaska i procjene mogućega povratka, metodom online anketiranja provedeno je istraživanje na prigodnom uzorku od 145 iseljenih osoba koje
trenutno žive i rade u Irskoj, a s ciljem definiranja njihovoga prosječnoga radno-ekonomskoga profila. Glavni rezultati upozorili su na specifična obilježja radnoga mjesta i uvjeta rada od kojih će se u nastavku izdvojiti oni najvažniji. Prosječno vrijeme potrebno za pronalazak posla u Irskoj
je 21,7 dan, a najviše ispitanika (2/3) trenutno je zaposleno u uslužnim djelatnostima, zdravstvu, administraciji te ICT-sektoru. Većina ispitani-ka (82 %) imala je posao u Hrvatskoj što potvrđuje da iseljavanje nije isključivo ekonomski uvjetovano i da posjedovanje radnoga mjesta nije preduvjet ostanka u Hrvatskoj. Prilikom označavanja najvažnijih stavki prilikom izbora posla, ispitanici su visinu plaće i mogućnosti napredovanja rangirali kao dva najvažnija čimbenika, dok im je najmanje važna odrednica posao „u struci“. Usporedbom visine plaće uočeno je da su prosječni mjesečni prihodi u Irskoj dva do tri puta veći, nego u Hrvatskoj, kao i očekivani osnovni životni izdatci (stanovanje i komunalne
usluge), zbog čega 2/3 ispitanika mora, za njihovo podmirivanje, izdvojiti između 20 i 40 % mjesečne zarade. Iako su razlike relativno male, ispitanici su pokazali veće zadovoljstvo kvalitetom života i životnim standardom nego trenutnim radnim mjestom u Irskoj što se može objasniti odnosom visine mjesečnih prihoda i osnovnih životnih troškova, ali i ne-ekonomskim čimbenicima kao što su uređenost društva, način upravljanja, funkcioniranje institucija, administrativno rasterećenje i sl. Na kraju, istraživanje je potvrdilo neizvjesnost povratka za 36 % ispitanika, manji udio ispitanika perspektivu povratka svodi na ispunjenje određenih kriterija kao što su stjecanje uvjeta za mirovinu u Irskoj (23
%) ili uštedu značajnijega novčanoga iznosa (13 %), dok 28 % uopće nema namjeru povratka u Hrvatsku.
Whenever anyone mentions Ireland, the first things that leap to mind are the rolling green landscape, picturesque castles, and cheerful Irish people hanging out in pubs, listening to good music and ...drinking Guinness. These are typical scenes from various movies set on the “emerald isle,” as the poet William Drennan poetically called it. Ireland has a long and complicated history. Until the end of the Middle Ages, it was characterized by Celtic culture, Viking raids, and the Norman invasion, and the entire Modern Age was marked by the dispute between the British and the Irish over control of the island—and many bloody conflicts between the two. It was only in the twentieth century that the situation calmed down to some extent, and the island was divided into the independent Republic of Ireland and British Northern Ireland.
Rad se bavi analizom tendencija subverzija službenih reprezentacija hibridnoga ženskog
identiteta unutar novije irske kratke priče. Identificirajući suvremenu irsku kratku priču
kao utjecajan medij ...predstavljanja pluralnih identiteta Irske tijekom 20. stoljeća, rad
postavlja ovaj književni oblik unutar širega društveno-povijesnog konteksta te upozorava
na stvaranje diskurza otpora hegemonijskim konstruktima u irskom društvu. Polazne teze
u radu oprimjeruju se analizom kratkih priča dviju irskih autorica tzv. „srednje generacije”
irske književnosti 20. stoljeća, Elizabeth Bowen i Mary Lavin. Elizabeth Bowen, kroz očište
predstavnice anglo-irske protestantske dominacije u fazi zalaska društvene moći,
razotkriva slabosti krhkoga ženskog identiteta „razdvojenog crticom” koji se tradicionalno
prešućivao u irskom javnom diskurzu. S druge strane, očište Mary Lavin pomiče se od
nacionalnoga prema lokalnom i intimnom razotkrivajući motiv „egzila unutar zajednice”,
odnosno fenomen alijenacije ženske figure koja nadilazi dominantne paradigme irske
malograđanske sredine. U radu se zaključuje kako obje autorice irsku ženu određuju kao
subverzivnu silnicu irskoga postkolonijalnog društva čime se ona društveno afirmira i
odmiče od margine društva, odnosno od višestoljetnoga društvenog konformizma.
PDF
