This paper analyses the spatial layout and possibilities of the antifascism tangible heritage for memorial tourism development in the municipalities and towns of Southern Istria. In the first half of ...the 20th century, the antifascist struggle in Istria was a crucial part of several political turning points. Those historical turning points had far-reaching consequences and, for the most part, were marked by armed conflicts, individual and mass human casualties and terror over the population. The motive of travel in memorial tourism here is to visit the places where these tragic events occurred and commemorate the victims. The aim of the research was to determine the geographical distribution of the antifascism tangible heritage in Southern Istria and their suitability for the development of memorial tourism. An additional objective was to propose thematic routes of memorial tourism in Southern Istrian municipalities and towns. Methods of analyses of historical research, fieldwork, participant observation, spatial and GIS analysis were used. The survey indicated that six South Istrian municipalities and two towns have 167 well-preserved and marked tangible antifascism monuments. The largest number of monuments are located in the central district of the city of Pula. The main contribution of this article was to provide re-evaluation of antifascism tangible heritage as the potential resource for the memorial tourism development as the innovation in the tourism supply of Istria.
S obzirom na činjenicu da je uloga lokalnog stanovništva ključna u razvoju održivog turizma od velike je važnosti kontinuirano mjeriti, ispitivati i pratiti njihovu percepciju i stavove prema ...turističkim aktivnostima u njihovoj zajednici. Uzimajući u obzir ekonomske, sociokulturne i ekološke utjecaje turizma, ova studija istražuje ulogu percepcije stanovnika o navedenim utjecajima, razine njihove informiranosti o turističkim aktivnostima kao i socio-demografskih karakteristika u razini njihove potpore razvoju turizma. Istra je odabrana kao područje istraživanja jer se radi o županiji koja privlači najveći broj turista u Hrvatskoj, a zbog kontinuiranog rasta broja turista potrebno je analizirati kako se stanovnici nose s takvim trendovima i podržavaju li takav razvoj. U tu svrhu provedeno je terensko istraživanje u kojem je prikupljen 865 ispravno ispunjen anketni upitnik. Prikupljeni podaci su analizirani primjenom metoda deskriptivne statističke analize, analize pouzdanosti i regresijske analize. Rezultati ukazuju na to da što su percepcije ekonomskih i sociokulturnih utjecaja turizma pozitivnije, to je veća potpora lokalnog stanovništva njegovom daljnjem razvoju. S druge strane, percepcije o utjecaju turizma na okoliš, kao i socio-demografske karakteristike stanovnika, nisu se pokazale kao značajni prediktori potpore razvoju turizma. Zanimljiv nalaz se odnosi na činjenicu da, kada je riječ o potpori razvoju turizma, nema značajnih razlika između stanovnika koji žive na obali Istre i onih koji žive udaljenije od mora.
Considering that the role of local people in the development of sustainable tourism is crucial, it isof great importance to continuously measure, observe and monitor their perception and attitudetowards tourism activities in their community. Taking into account the economic, socio-cultural andenvironmental impacts of tourism, this study examines the role of residents’ perceptions of theseimpacts, their level of information about tourism activities and socio-demographic characteristicsin determining the extent of their support for tourism development. Istria was chosen as the studyarea because it is the region with the highest number of tourists in Croatia. Due to the continuousincrease in the number of tourists, there is a need to find out how residents deal with such trendsand support such development. A field study was conducted, in which 865 completed questionnaireswere correctly recorded. The collected data were analyzed using the methods of descriptive statisticalanalysis, reliability analysis and regression analysis. The results show that the more positive theperception of economic and socio-cultural impacts of tourism, the greater the support of local peoplefor further tourism development. In contrast, perceptions of environmental impacts of tourism andsocio-demographic characteristics of residents were not found to be significant predictors of residents’support. An interesting result is the fact that there are no significant differences in support for tourismdevelopment between residents living on the coast of Istria and those living far from the sea.
The Paleocene high volatile B bituminous Raša coal, mined on the Istrian Peninsula, Croatia, for nearly 400 years up to 1999, is notable in having a superhigh organic sulfur (SHOS) content, exceeding ...11% in some cases. The latter feature contributed to interest in the coal, far outweighing its status as a locally-used coal. Investigation by organic petrology, X-ray diffraction mineralogy, X-ray fluorescence and ICP-MS chemistry, SEM-EDS and TEM-EDS-SAED, micro-FTIR spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy showed that the Raša coal is dominated by vitrinite-group macerals, CaO and SO3, carbonate minerals with contributions by Sr- and Ba-sulfates at the sub-micron scale, and the contribution of sulfur to the organic structure. Compared to Chinese SHOS coals and world ash, a majority of analyzed trace elements in Raša coal and ash, respectively, were depleted (up to 0.8 times), with the exception of V, Se, Sr, and Ba, which were increased 1.7 to 26 times. This fact, supported by elevated trace element concentrations in dripstone, are evidence for weathering of Raša coal by underground water, which is contaminating the local environment with trace elements, selenium in particular. Results of this study warrant further research.
•The Paleocene Raša coalm Istria, Croatia, was mined for nearly 400 years.•The coal is noted to be a superhigh organic sulfur coal.•FTIR and Raman spectroscopy showed CS, C–S, and S–S bonds.•TEM indicated the presence of Sr and Ba sulfates, alglesite, and REE-bearing niobate.
This paper analyses the geographical features and potential of memorial tourism development in the tourism region of Istria in Croatia. In the past century, Istria has had several political and ...socio-economic turning points, with far-reaching consequences for its overall development. For the most part, the historical turning points in the 20th century in Istria were marked by armed conflict, followed by individual and mass human casualties, terror, and the persecution of the population. The motive of travel in memorial tourism here is to visit the places where these tragic events occurred. Therefore, the aim of this research was to determine the geographical distribution of potential sites in Istria suitable for the development of memorial tourism. An additional objective was to propose thematic routes of memorial tourism in the areas of Istrian towns and municipalities. A secondary aim of this research was to provide a geographical contribution to the scientific evaluation of memorial tourism in Croatian tourism regions, with proposals for measures in the planning of the development of this form of tourism.
Architectural limestone surfaces are particularly susceptible to decay from natural and anthropogenic acidifying gases and particulates. This investigation evaluates environmental conditions, air ...quality, and decay patters on Istria stone surfaces of four palaces in Venice (Italy): Ca’ Bembo, Ca’ Bottacin, Ca’ Foscari, Ca’ Dolfin. Climate parameters and air quality indicators are used to discuss the atmospheric influence on limestone and to calculate the related theoretical recession rate. Graphic assessment, surface profiling, digital microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and x-ray fluorescence are used to assess stone surface textures and degradation patterns associated with stone decay. The morphological analysis via surface profiling using silicon mould, digitization and statistical analysis of the roughness is proposed for the assessment of stone deterioration. In particular, the methodology is used for understanding stone morphological variations in relation to parameters such as sites, exposure (sheltered or exposed area), and location (overlooking a Canal or inner court).
In relation to increasing rain amount and intensity, decreasing SO2 and increasing NOx concentrations, theoretical limestone recession rate compatible with an urban environment (around 8 μm/year) are calculated. The morphological analysis of the sites evidences the role of the stone original texture and finish, the façade location and the specific exposure on the formation of crusts or eroded area. Buildings not recently restored (Ca’ Bottacin and Ca’ Bembo) present thick dendritic crusts, in particular on court side and in sheltered positions. Ca’ Foscari surfaces, subjected to cleaning intervention after 2000s, show thin grey crust only in sheltered areas, reflecting the reduced presence of SO2. Large eroded areas have been found on exposed surfaces in relation to the rain wash-out action and to high levels of NOx.
Display omitted
•Air quality and climate impact on limestone in Venice before and after 2000.•Evaluation of the atmospheric hazard to Istria Stone conservation during the 2000's.•Chemical, physical, morphological assessment of Istria stone in four venetian palaces.•Surface profiling of silicone moulds and statistical analysis of surface roughness.•Role of surface position, location, exposure in relation to a similar environment.
The Cenomanian–Turonian boundary (CTB) on the intra-Tethyan Adriatic Carbonate Platform (AdCP) is generally characterised by a transition between microbially laminated and/or bioclastic limestones to ...calcisphere-rich massive limestone with bioturbated intervals, organic-rich interbeds, firmgrounds, as well as neptunian dikes, carbonate turbidites, tempestites and slumped structures. Compilation of the results from two study sites in the northwestern part of the AdCP and from previous research (on Istria Peninsula and islands in the Adriatic Sea in Croatia) provides a more complete overview of geological events and paleoenvironmental conditions that transformed the formerly contiguous shallow-marine environments during this time period. For the first time, a comparison between protected inner-platform area (Barban section) and a coeval intra-platform basin (Premuda Island section) during the CTB was made. This study utilized a combination of litho-, bio-, and microfacies studies with SEM, EDS, TOC, δ13C and δ18O stable isotope analyses. The stratigraphic successions start with shallow-marine carbonate deposits of the Milna Formation that is conformably overlain by the drowned-platform deposits of the Sveti Duh Formation on the platform and by the Veli Rat Formation in the contemporaneously developed intraplatform basin. These deposits are in turn overlain by the Gornji Humac Formation, which represents re-establishment of shallow-marine depositional systems on the AdCP, whereas the deeper water environment persisted in the intra-platform basin until the Santonian.
Despite diagenetic modifications of shallow-marine carbonate deposits, the results of TOC and stable isotope analyses indicate the influence of global Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2). Combination of local and regional synsedimentary tectonics and global Late Cretaceous sea-level changes accompanied by anoxic and hypoxic conditions, extinction of numerous benthic foraminifera, diversification and expansion of planktonic foraminifera and calcareous dinoflagellates, provide new insights into the character of the CTB interval in this part of the Tethyan realm.
Published and new data exist for relative sea-level change for 105 locations (127 samples) during the late Holocene, along the Italian (and Istrian) coasts. These data, compared with predictions ...(derived from two different models associated with the last glacial cycle) allowed the calculation of the tectonic vertical movements. They are based on precise measures of geomorphological and archaeological markers between 0.4 and 12.6
ka
cal. BP, sampled at elevations between +7 and −51
m. In order to decipher the broad pattern of Holocene tectonic vertical movements along the Italian coastline, these data were compared with predicted sea-level curves using the most recent models published for the Mediterranean sea. Tectonic rates varied from −4.85
mm/a, in a core at Sybaris, to 5
mm/a, in the volcanic areas of Pozzuoli and Pantelleria. New MIS 5.5 (125
ka) data, mostly from the Venetian plain, are reported. In particular the depth of the base of MIS 5.5 paralic deposits found in four cores near Venezia provides a mean subsidence of 0.62
mm/a. New, precise mass spectrometer U-Th analyses on
Cladocora layers from the bottom of a long core (named ENEA), indicate older ages (195.7
±
1.6 and 161.2
±
1.2
ka, respectively), relative to the published MIS 5.5 ages, which were based on alpha-counting U-Th data.
Instrumental data obtained from tide gauges and repeated levelling measurements from the NE Adriatic and Sicily are also considered. These methods have one great advantage with respect to continuous GPS measurements and the satellite altimetric observations, in that a much greater time span is available. Although the altimetric measurements are available for 16 years, and the GPS for less than a decade, repeated levelling lines cover up to 50 years and tide gauge observations in some cases to 100 years or more. The greater time span allows for more stable differential rate estimates. The repeated levelling shows that the plain east of Mestre is subsiding (to −4
mm/a). The Messina tidal gauge demonstrates a total coseismic and post-seismic subsidence of 77
cm associated with the event of 1908, the post-seismic phase lasting for at least 13 years. The Reggio Calabria tidal station points to an uplift of this station relative to Palermo in the order of 1–2
mm/a.
The aim of this paper was to research the impact of the pandemic on the food and beverage services sector in the County of Istria. The analysis was performed using the Altman Z- score model in order ...to analyze and test the negative effects the COVID-19 pandemic has had on the companies within the mentioned sector. The result will also indicate the number of companies with a potentially high risk of bankruptcy in the next few years. The research was conducted on a sample of 60 micro and small companies in the period from 2018 - 2020. Descriptive statistics methods were used in the analysis while the hypothesis was tested using the Student t-test. The results of the research indicate a significant deterioration of the c companies business operations due to the impact of the pandemic in 2020. A significant statistical deviation was determined in the analysis, precisely a significant decrease in the values of the indicators in 2020 compared to the previous two years. The research also indicates that there are companies resistant to the negative effects of the pandemic and that resistance can be attributed to a continuously responsible performance of business operations. The results of the research can also be used with certain reliability to predict bankruptcy in the next two years and indicate that more than half of the companies were classified in a high-risk zone of bankruptcy. Finally, the supporting measures introduced by the Government were the key to maintaining the continuity of business operations of the sector helping the reduction of negative effects of the pandemic and the imposed restrictions.
Corythucha arcuata (Hemiptera; Tingidae), i.e. oak bug is an invasive alien species from North America that has rapidly spread in Europe. It was first reported in Croatia in 2013, and in the ...following years it has spread rapidly toward the west of the continental part of the country, infesting 200,000 ha of Quercus robur L. forest stands. Oak lace bug causes losses in chlorophyll, which has a negative influence on photosynthesis and transpiration activity, as well as on the health status of oak trees. We conducted our study on two sites in the Mediterranean region in Istria, Croatia, where infestation with oak lace bug has not been recorded. Results showed new records of oak lace bug in Istria. Q. pubescens Willd. is the dominant tree species in Sub-Mediterranean forests in Istria, so it will be interesting to follow the spread and preferences of oak lace bug for Q. robur and Q. pubescens in Istria, as well as in other coastal Q. pubescens and Q. ilex L. forests in Croatia. We assume that the negative influence of oak lace bug coupled with other biotic and abiotic stressors in the Mediterranean region will probably have some influence on the health status of oak trees.
PDF
