Naziv židovske države proglašene u Tel Avivu 14. svibnja 1948. do samoga je trenutka proglašenja bio nepoznat javnosti. Ime Izrael u povijesti Jišuva i sekularnog cionizma pojavljivalo se uglavnom u ...smislu Erec Izrael što je biblijski naziv koji se okvirno odnosi na područje Palestine. Drugdje u tekstovima vezanima za cionistički pokret, poput Herzlove raspravnice Der Judenstaat, rabila se sintagma »židovska država«, a u prvome važnom nežidovskom dokumentu, Balfourovoj deklaraciji iz 1917., »nacionalni dom židovskoga naroda«. Tek nakon što je David Ben-Gurion pročitao izraelsku Deklaraciju o nezavisnosti, naziv Izrael za novoosnovanu židovsku državu u Palestini postao je općepoznat. Premda nije bio očekivan, taj naziv ne samo da je odmah zaživio, nego je i među Židovima i među nežidovima shvaćen kao ime koje se podrazumijeva. U ovome je članku opisano povijesno značenje pojma Izrael, ponuđeno je objašnjenje njegove odsutnosti u cionističkom nazivlju prije trenutka proglašenja Države Izrael, te je predstavljena pretpostavka da je Ben-Gurion bio ključna osoba za nadijevanje imena novoosnovanoj židovskoj državi.
An intriguing portrait of Israel’s “Generation X,” and the perceived decline in Zionism among contemporary urban Israeli youth between the Palestinian uprisings that began in 1987 and 2000
The Yom Kippur War pitted Israel against Syria in the north and Egypt in the south in October 1973. Caught by surprise and surrounded by enemies, Israel relied on the flexibility and creative ...thinking of its senior field commanders. After Israeli forces halted the Egyptian troops on the Sinai Peninsula, Major General Ariel Sharon seized the opportunity to counterattack. He split the Egyptian army and cut off its supply lines in a maneuver known as Operation Stouthearted Men. Sharon's audacious, controversial decision defied his superiors and produced a major victory, which many believe helped win the war for Israel. At the Decisive Point in the Sinai is a firsthand account of the Yom Kippur War's most intense engagement by key leaders in Sharon's division. Jacob Even, deputy division commander of the 143rd Division, and Simcha Maoz, a staff officer, recount the initial stages of the Suez crossing, examine the Israel Defense Forces' (IDF) response to Egypt's surprise attack, and explain Sharon's role in the transition from defense to offense. They detail Sharon's struggle to convince his superiors of his plan and argue that an effective division commander is revealed not only by his leadership of subordinates, but also by his ability to influence his senior officers. The strategic failure of the Israeli high command during the Yom Kippur War has been widely studied, but At the Decisive Point in the Sinai is one of the few works to examine the experiences of field-level commanders. Even and Maoz challenge students of military leadership by offering a case study on effective generalship.
This book considers the differing emotional investments in Israel of, on the one hand, Jews physically domiciled in Israel and, on the other hand, diasporic Jews living outside Israel for whom the ...country nonetheless forms a central point of affect. The book’s purpose is to trace how these two types of investment are represented by francophone Jewish writers. Israel is at once a problematic geopolitical reality in international politics and a salient topos within Jewish cultural imaginaries that transcend national boundaries. However, it has often been claimed that Israel has a “special” relationship with France, which until 1967 was its greatest ally. Israel has a large francophone community (some 800,000), while France has the largest Jewish community in Europe (some 600,000). But Franco-Israeli relations have undergone radical, largely negative transformations under the Fifth Republic (1958- ). The scope of the book is wide, addressing the following questions. How do francophone Jewish writers represent Israel in their literary works? What responses to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict do they express both in these works and in non-literary discourse (interviews and journalistic articles)? What is the role in those responses of emotion, affect, cognition, and ethics? To answer these questions, the book examines 44 different autobiographies, memoirs and novels published between 1965 and 2012 by 27 different authors, both male and female, covering the full cultural spectrum of Jews: Ashkenazic, Sephardic, and Mizrahi. The approach of the book is interdisciplinary, combining literary analysis with insights from the domains of history, journalism, philosophy, politics, psychoanalysis, and sociology.
Blackness in Israel Uri Dorchin, Gabriella Djerrahian / Uri Dorchin, Gabriella Djerrahian
2020, 2021, 20201126, 2020-11-27, 2020-11-26, Letnik:
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eBook
This book explores contemporary inflections of blackness in Israel and
foreground them in the historical geographies of Europe, the Middle East, and North America. The
contributors engage with ...expressions and appropriations of modern forms of blackness for
boundary-making, boundary-breaking, and boundary-re-making in contemporary Israel, underscoring
the deep historical roots of contemporary understandings of race, blackness, and Jewishness.
Allowing a new perspective on the sociology of Israel and the realm of black studies, this
volume reveals a highly nuanced portrait of the phenomenon of blackness, one that is located at
the nexus of global, regional, national, and local dimensions. While race has been discussed as
it pertains to Judaism at large, and Israeli society in particular, blackness as a conceptual
tool divorced from phenotype, skin tone, and even music has yet to be explored. Grounded in
ethnographic research, the study demonstrates that many ethno-racial groups that constitute
Israeli society intimately engage with blackness as it is repeatedly and explicitly addressed by
a wide array of social actors.
Enhancing our understanding of the politics of identity, rights, and victimhood embedded
within the rhetoric of blackness in contemporary Israel, this book will be of interest to
scholars of blackness, globalization, immigration, and diaspora.
Az Izrael társadalmi életében szerepet játszó háromféle vallás miatt nem csak a társadalma és a mindennapok nagyon összetettek, de az oktatási rendszere. A társadalom vallási, politikai, kulturális ...és gazdasági sokszínűsége erős lenyomatot hagyott az oktatáson, ezen belül a kisebbségi tanulók ellátásán is. Az írás témája az izraeli oktatással, azon belül is a leghátrányosabb helyzetben lévő csoport, a beduin tanulók ellátásának a múltja és a jelenlegi helyzete. Napjainkban a beduinok adják a Negev lakosságának a harmadát (210.000 fő), akik az elmúlt évtizedekben folyamatosan tértek át a félig nomád életformáról az állandó lakóhelyeken élésre. Kb. 90 ezren élnek ismeretlen falvakban és táborokban, ami már önmagában is komoly nehézségek elé állítja az izraeli oktatáspolitikát. Az írás áttekintést ad a beduinok társadalmon belüli helyzetének az elmúlt 60-70 évben tapasztalt változásáról, az első iskola beindításának a körülményeiről, a nem fogyatékos beduin tanulók iskolai eredményességéről, továbbtanulási lehetőségeikről és jellemzőiről. Az oktatási rendszer működésének a megértéséhez elengedhetetlen, hogy megismerjük a beduin iskolákban dolgozó pedagógusok képzését és munkába állásának a jellemzőit.
National minorities and their behaviour have become a central topic in comparative politics in the last few decades. Using the relationship between the state of Israel and the Arab national minority ...as a case study, this book provides a thorough examination of minority nationalism and state-minority relations in Israel.
Placing the case of the Arab national minority in Israel within a comparative framework, the author analyses major debates taking place in the field of collective action, social movements, civil society and indigenous rights. He demonstrates the impact of the state regime on the political behaviours of the minorities, and sheds light on the similarities and differences between various types of minority nationalisms and the nature of the relationship such minorities could have with their states.
Drawing empirical and theoretical conclusions that contribute to studies of Israeli politics, political minorities, indigenous populations and conflict issues, this book will be a valuable reference for students and those in policy working on issues around Israeli politics, Palestinian politics and the broader Palestinian-Israeli conflict.
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