Varaždinski istraživač isusovac Ferdinand Konšćak (1703–1759) bio je hrvatski misionar i kartograf na području Donje Kalifornije. Konšćakove karte prvi su puta objavljene u djelu Miguela Venegasa i ...Marcosa Buriela Noticia de la California 1757. godine. Ta je knjiga objavljena na španjolskom jeziku, a potom i na engleskom (1759), nizozemskom (1761/62), francuskom (1766 i 1796–1797) te njemačkom jeziku (1769). U ovome su radu po prvi put popisane i prikazane sve karte koje se pripisuju Ferdinandu Konšćaku, a reprodukcije su preuzete iz najkvalitetnijih izdanja. Popisana su i mjesta širom svijeta u kojima se Konšćakove karte čuvaju. U posebnoj tablici pregledno su dani najvažniji podatci o kartama prikazanima u ovome radu. Na kraju se zaključuje da su život i djelo Ferdinanda Konšćaka nedovoljno istraženi, što se osobito odnosi na njegov kartografski doprinos.
This book looks beyond the headlines to uncover the controversial history of California's ballot measures over the past fifty years. As the rest of the U.S. watched, California voters banned public ...services for undocumented immigrants, repealed public affirmative action programs, and outlawed bilingual education, among other measures. Why did a state with a liberal political culture, an increasingly diverse populace, and a well-organized civil rights leadership roll back civil rights and anti-discrimination gains? Daniel Martinez HoSang finds that, contrary to popular perception, this phenomenon does not represent a new wave of "color-blind" policies, nor is a triumph of racial conservatism. Instead, in a book that goes beyond the conservative-liberal divide, HoSang uncovers surprising connections between the right and left that reveal how racial inequality has endured. Arguing that each of these measures was a proposition about the meaning of race and racism, his deft, convincing analysis ultimately recasts our understanding of the production of racial identity, inequality, and power in the postwar era.
Gotovo univerzalna imunizacija djece povezana je s logaritamskim opadanjem broja zaraza kako u Sjedinjenim Državama tako i svijetu. U Sjedinjenim Državama, zakon o obveznom cijepljenju školske djece ...pokazao se posebno korisnim za postizanje visokog stupnja zaštite potrebne za održavanje imunosti zajednice. Međutim, zabrinutosti oko sigurnosti cjepiva dovele su do donošenja National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act (Nacionalni zakon o štetnosti dječjeg cjepiva) iz 1986., prema kojem se kroz „no-fault sustav“ (bez obzira tko je kriv) kompenziraju oštećeni određenim cjepivima. Cjepivo protiv ospica iznimno je učinkovito, a pojave ospica najčešće su povezane s neprimanjem cjepiva. Zbog poznatog slučaja pojave ospica u kalifornijskom zabavnom parku 2014., savezna država Kalifornija dodatno je ograničila mogućnost pohađanja škole djece koja nisu cijepljena zbog obiteljskih uvjerenja. Obvezno cijepljenje predstavlja samo jednu od odredbi kojima je cilj zaštita javnog zdravlja, a ,eđu kojima su i obvezna fluoridacija pitke vode i karantena i izolacija zbog prenosivih bolesti. Zaključujemo da obvezno cijepljenje školske djece pomaže vladama u ispunjenju njihove dužnosti u zaštiti i unaprjeđenju javnog zdravstva.
If California were its own country, it would have the world's fifth largest immigrant population. The way these newcomers are integrated into the state will shape California's schools, workforce, ...businesses, public health, politics, and culture. In Immigrant California, leading experts in U.S. migration provide cutting-edge research on the incorporation of immigrants and their descendants in this bellwether state. California, unique for its diverse population, powerful economy, and progressive politics, provides important lessons for what to expect as demographic change comes to most states across the country. Contributors to this volume cover topics ranging from education systems to healthcare initiatives and unravel the sometimes-contradictory details of California's immigration history. By examining the past and present of immigration policy in California, the volume shows how a state that was once the national leader in anti-immigrant policies quickly became a standard-bearer of greater accommodation. California's successes, and its failures, provide an essential road map for the future prosperity of immigrants and natives alike.
California is an infamously tough place to be poor: home to about
half of the entire nation's homeless population, burdened by
staggering home prices and unsustainable rental rates, California
is a ...state in crisis. But it wasn't always that way, as
prize-winning historian Josh Sides reveals in Backcountry
Ghosts . In 1862 President Abraham Lincoln signed the Homestead
Act, the most ambitious and sweeping social policy in the history
of the United States. In the Golden State more than a hundred
thousand people filed homesteading claims between 1863 and the late
1930s. More than sixty thousand Californians succeeded, claiming
about ten million acres. In Backcountry Ghosts Josh Sides
tells the histories of these Californian homesteaders, their toil
and enormous patience, successes and failures, doggedness in the
face of natural elements and disasters, and resolve to defend
hard-earned land for themselves and their children. While some of
these homesteaders were fulfilling the American Dream-that all
Americans should have the opportunity to own land regardless of
their background or station-others used the Homestead Act to add to
already vast landholdings or control water or mineral rights. Sides
recovers the fascinating stories of individual homesteaders in
California, both those who succeeded and those who did not, and the
ways they shaped the future of California and the American West.
Backcountry Ghosts reveals the dangers of American
dreaming in a state still reeling from the ambitions that led to
the Great Recession.
In the second half of the nineteenth century, the Euro-American citizenry of California carried out mass genocide against the Native population of their state, using the processes and mechanisms of ...democracy to secure land and resources for themselves and their private interests. The murder, rape, and enslavement of thousands of Native people were legitimized by notions of democracy-in this case mob rule-through a discreetly organized and brutally effective series of petitions, referenda, town hall meetings, and votes at every level of California government.
Murder Stateis a comprehensive examination of these events and their early legacy. Preconceptions about Native Americans as shaped by the popular press and by immigrants' experiences on the Overland Trail to California were used to further justify the elimination of Native people in the newcomers' quest for land. The allegedly "violent nature" of Native people was often merely their reaction to the atrocities committed against them as they were driven from their ancestral lands and alienated from their traditional resources.
In this narrative history employing numerous primary sources and the latest interdisciplinary scholarship on genocide, Brendan C. Lindsay examines the darker side of California history, one rarely studied in detail, and the motives of both Native Americans and Euro-Americans at the time. Murder State calls attention to the misuse of democracy to justify and commit genocide.
While newly arrived immigrants are often the focus of public concern and debate, many Mexican immigrants and Mexican Americans have resided in the United States for generations. Latinos are the ...largest and fastest-growing ethnic group in the United States, and their racial identities change with each generation. While the attainment of education and middle class occupations signals a decline in cultural attachment for some, socioeconomic mobility is not a cultural death-knell, as others are highly ethnically identified. There are a variety of ways that middle class Mexican Americans relate to their ethnic heritage, and racialization despite assimilation among a segment of the second and third generations reveals the continuing role of race even among the U.S.-born. Mexican Americans Across Generations investigates racial identity and assimilation in three-generation Mexican American families living in California. Through rich interviews with three generations of middle class Mexican American families, Vasquez focuses on the family as a key site for racial and gender identity formation, knowledge transmission, and incorporation processes, exploring how the racial identities of Mexican Americans both change and persist generationally in families. She illustrates how gender, physical appearance, parental teaching, historical era and discrimination influence Mexican Americans' racial identity and incorporation patterns, ultimately arguing that neither racial identity nor assimilation are straightforward progressions but, instead, develop unevenly and are influenced by family, society, and historical social movements.
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