We study market-making high-frequency trader (HFT) dynamics around large institutional trades in Canadian equities markets using order-level data with masked trader identification. Following a ...regulatory change that negatively affected HFT order activity, we find that bidask spreads increased and price impact decreased for institutional trades. The decrease in price impact is strongest for informed institutional traders. During institutional trade executions, HFTs submit more same-direction orders and increase their inventory mean reversion rates. Our evidence indicates that high-frequency trading is associated with lower transaction costs for small, uninformed trades and higher transaction costs for large, informed trades.
Ice-jam floods (IJFs) are important hydrological and hydraulic events in the northern hemisphere that are of major concern for citizens, authorities, insurance companies and government agencies. In ...recent years, there have been advances in assessing and quantifying climate change impacts on river ice processes, however, an understanding of climate change and regulation impacts on the timing and magnitude of IJFs remains limited. This study presents a global overview of IJF case studies and discusses IJF risks in North America, one of the most IJF prone regions according to literature. Then an assessment of shifts in the timing and magnitude of IJFs in Canada is presented analyzing flow data from 1107 hydrometric stations across Canada for the period from 1903 to 2015. The analyses show clear signals of climate change and regulation impacts in the timing and magnitude of IJFs, particularly in small basins.
The new world of work has created unprecedented challenges for human resource practitioners. This book prompts exciting conversations on the question of: "What is the role of job evaluation". ..._x000D__x000D_With the developing concepts of blended work, work from anywhere and contingent workers, job evaluation systems will need some careful thought. One size and approach may not suit all situations and suggestions are offered on how to deal with these differing situations._x000D__x000D_The next domino after job evaluation is often remuneration, because pay scales are attached to the grades. Equal pay for work of equal value is probably one of the biggest focus points globally and clarity is offered in this book. The vertical pay gap and horizontal pay gap sometimes stem from the remuneration philosophy around pay scale design. This book clarifies how to do job evaluation in a changing world, how to develop pay scales and how to achieve equal pay for work of equal value._x000D_ _x000D_Contents include:_x000D_ _x000D_* What is Job Evaluation?_x000D_* Job Evaluation in the new world of work_x000D_* The Rise of the Contingent Workforce_x000D_* How to carry out the Paterson job evaluation_x000D_* The impact of job evaluation on salary structures_x000D_* Equal pay for work of equal value_x000D_* Measuring income inequality - a holistic approach_x000D_* The psychological impact of the new way of job evaluation.
In this paper we examine the causal relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth across the G7 countries, using annual data for the period of 1990–2011. By employing the ...causality methodology proposed by Emirmahmutoglu and Kose (2011) 8, we investigate if there is a causal relationship between the variables. The advantage of this methodology is that it takes into account possible slope heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependency in a multivariate panel. The empirical results support the existence of a bi-directional causal relationship between economic growth and renewable energy for the overall panel. However, looking at the individual results for each country, the neutrality hypothesis is confirmed for Canada, Italy and the US; while for France and UK there is a unidirectional causality from GDP to renewable energy, and the opposite for Germany and Japan.
•An algorithm that optimizes layouts of wind farms on complex terrains is proposed.•The proposed algorithm integrates CFD with mixed-integer programming.•The algorithm minimizes the number of CFD ...simulations required for optimization.•A trade-off study between computational cost and solution quality is performed.
In recent years, wind farm optimization has received much attention in the literature. The aim of wind farm design is to maximize energy production while minimizing costs. The wind farm layout optimization (WFLO) problem on uniform terrains has been tackled by a number of approaches; however, optimizing wind farm layouts on complex terrains is challenging due to the lack of accurate, computationally tractable wake models to evaluate wind farm layouts. This paper proposes an algorithm that couples computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with mixed-integer programming (MIP) to optimize layouts on complex terrains. CFD simulations are used to iteratively improve the accuracy of wake deficit predictions while MIP is used for the optimization process. The ability of MIP solvers to find optimal solutions is critical for capturing the effects of improved wake deficit predictions on the quality of wind farm layout solutions. The proposed algorithm was applied on a wind farm domain in Carleton-sur-Mer, Quebec, Canada. Results show that the proposed algorithm is capable of producing excellent layouts in complex terrains.
Mapping and monitoring land cover and land cover change remains a top priority for land managers. Uniquely, remote sensing offers the capacity to acquire information in a systematic (spatially, ...temporally, and categorically) and synoptic fashion that is appealing from monitoring and reporting perspectives. The opening of the Landsat archive and new processing and analysis opportunities enable the characterization of large areas and the generation of dynamic, transparent, systematic, repeatable, and spatially exhaustive information products. Best Available Pixel (BAP) approaches enable the production of periodic image composites free of haze, clouds, or shadows over large areas. In this paper we demonstrate an integrated protocol to produce spatially exhaustive annual BAP image composites that are seasonally constrained and free of atmospheric perturbations. These annual BAP composites for the years inclusive of 1998 to 2010 provide for generation of a suite of change metrics for the period 2000 to 2010 using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data. The study area is the >375,000km2 forested area of Saskatchewan, Canada. We evaluate the robustness of the protocol by comparing in-filled (or proxy) values with a true reference set for surface reflectance. An initial change detection pass is used to aid in the allocation of proxy values (for missing and anomalous values) and to allocate change events to the correct year, with a second pass to characterize key change points and related time series trends (e.g., change year, post-change slopes, among others). In so doing, a multi-temporal data cube (via a series of annual proxy composites) and a set of change metrics are generated. Approximately 35% of the pixels in our study area required proxy values, either as a result of missing data or our noise detection approach. Overall, our results indicate strong agreement between the assigned proxy values and the reference data (R=0.71–0.91, RMSE=0.008–0.025). Agreement was stronger for pixel series with no change events (R=0.73–0.92, RMSE=0.007–0.024), relative to pixel series with change events (R=0.63–0.87, RMSE=0.010–0.029). The generated change metrics, derived via temporal and spatial analysis of the annual BAP composites, were an important precursor to the generation of valid proxy values, and – importantly – provide valuable information for the further assessment and understanding of land cover and land cover change. Our results indicate that the demonstrated protocol provides a reliable approach to generate proxy image composites containing no data gaps, along with a suite of informative change metrics that provide a comprehensive characterization of land cover changes (including disturbance and recovery) allowing for an improved understanding of landscape dynamics. The protocol is efficient and may be applied over large areas to support regional and national mapping and monitoring activities.
•We present an approach to produce annual proxy image composites with Landsat series.•Composites cover large areas and are free clouds and shadows with no data gaps.•Change metrics are generated and integrated with large area annual composites.•The protocol supports regional and national level mapping of land cover and changes.
Knowledge hiding in organizations Connelly, Catherine E.; Zweig, David; Webster, Jane ...
Journal of organizational behavior,
January 2012, Letnik:
33, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Despite the efforts to enhance knowledge transfer in organizations, success has been elusive. It is becoming clear that in many instances employees are unwilling to share their knowledge even when ...organizational practices are designed to facilitate transfer. Consequently, this paper develops and investigates a novel construct, knowledge hiding. We establish that knowledge hiding exists, we distinguish knowledge hiding from related concepts (knowledge hoarding and knowledge sharing), and we develop a multidimensional measure of this construct. We also identify several predictors of knowledge hiding in organizations. The results of three studies, using different methods, suggest that knowledge hiding is comprised of three related factors: evasive hiding, rationalized hiding, and playing dumb. Each of these hiding behaviors is predicted by distrust, yet each also has a different set of interpersonal and organizational predictors. We draw implications for future research on knowledge management.
Pink blood Janoff, Douglas Victor
Pink blood,
c2005, 20050509, 2005, 2014, 2005-01-01, 20050101
eBook
Despite Canada's reputation as a beacon for equality in the international struggle for gay rights, homophobia and homophobic violence remain major problems in the country. Since 1990, hundreds of ...gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgendered people have been assaulted or murdered in Canada, but so far there has been little mention of the phenomenon in Canadian criminology textbooks or other publications.
Pink Bloodis the first book to analyze homophobic violence on a national scale. Douglas Victor Janoff uses social theory, legal analysis, descriptive case studies, and interviews with victims, activists, and police officers from thirty cities to convey the shattering impact this violence has had on queer Canadians and on the communities they inhabit. Janoff critically examines the concept of homophobia, the 'homosexual panic defence,' the ignorance and brutality of some Canadian police officers, and hate crime legislation and policies that, despite good intentions, are often powerless to counteract this complex and troubling social problem.
Drawing from a wide range of scholarship—law, criminology, sociology, psychology, philosophy and social work—Pink Bloodis an important addition to the literature on queer life in Canada from a respected researcher and community activist.
We study the effect of top tax rates on "superstar" inventors' international mobility since 1977, using panel data on inventors from the US and European Patent Offices. We exploit the differential ...impact of changes in top tax rates on inventors of different qualities. Superstar inventors' location choices are significantly affected by top tax rates. In our preferred specification, the elasticity to the net-of-tax rate of the number of domestic superstar inventors is around 0.03, while that of foreign superstar inventors is around 1. These elasticities are larger for inventors in multinational companies. An inventor is less sensitive to taxes in a country if his company performs a higher share of its research there.
•Degradability and greenwash practices were assessed in commercial plastic products.•Most samples were not degradable in sea water despite claiming a sustainable status.•Greenwashing practices as ...hidden trade-off, no proof and vagueness were detected.•Misleading purchase decision and improper plastic disposal are harmful consequences.•Strategies should be adopted to avoid this environmental rip off.
Concerns about plastic pollution and global public policies have encouraged consumers to acquire environmentally friendly products. Thus, products made of biodegradable plastics have been preferred by the public, despite their costs. However, greenwashing practices, promising more environmental benefits than the products actually offer, has become frequent. Nevertheless, no studies assessing the occurrence of greenwashing in commercial plastic products sold in large world economies have been performed. The present study aimed to experimentally evaluate alterations in structure and chemical composition of selected plastic products marketed in Canada, USA and Brazil. The aging experiments carried out by seawater immersion for 180 days showed no evidence of degradation in 4 out of the 6 studied samples, despite product claims of biodegradability or 100% degradability status. This finding denotes unequivocal greenwashing practices, even including bags made of polyethylene, an ordinary non-biodegradable polymer. Thus, the inadequate adoption of green marketing is deceiving to consumers and may lead to improper disposal of these materials. These practices are highly counterproductive in view of the global public policies recently adopted to control plastic pollution. Therefore, considering the technologies currently available for identification of polymers, a strict control should be exercised over products that claim biodegradable status.
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