Na podlagi obsežnega grobišča iz železne dobe Kobarid prištevamo med pomembnejša slovenska prazgodovinska najdišča in tu domnevamo eno izmed središč starejšeželeznodobne posoške oz. ...svetolucijske skupine. Grobišče, ki se je širilo na terasah na desnem bregu Soče ob vznožju Gradiča, je bilo odkrito že v začetku osemdesetih let 19. stoletja. Med letoma 1886 in 1904 je arheološka izkopavanja na najdišču vodil Carlo Marchesetti, tedanji direktor tržaškega naravoslovnega muzeja, pozneje so tu raziskovali še arheologi Narodnega muzeja, Goriškega muzeja in Tolminskega muzeja. Do danes je bilo raziskanih več kot 1400 grobov, vendar so ti večinoma še neobjavljeni. V članku predstavljamo preliminarno izsledke arheoloških izkopavanj, ki jih je leta 1979 na območju grobišča izvedla ekipa Goriškega muzeja. Med izkopavanji, ki so potekala v zahtevnih razmerah, sočasno z gradbenimi deli in večji del v za delo neprimernih vremenskih okoliščinah, je bilo odkritih 278 grobov, ki sodijo v čas od konca 9. do 5. st. pr. n. št. Predstavljeni so značilnosti pokopavanja ter značilni grobni pridatki po kronoloških stopnjah.
La battaglia di Caporetto (24 ottobre - 9 novembre 1917) ha rappresentato un trauma nella storia italiana del Novecento. Ancor oggi, nel linguaggio comune, la parola Caporetto è sinonimo di disastro. ...In quella battaglia i soldati della 2a Armata vengono respinti dagli austriaci e dai tedeschi al di qua dell'Isonzo e del Tagliamento fino al Piave, mentre i Comandi militari li accusano di diserzione e tradimento. Cento anni dopo, questo volume affronta, in un'ottica pluridisciplinare e interdisciplinare, e alla luce della nozione di “trauma”, gli aspetti storici, politici e militari della disfatta. Esso fa largo spazio anche alle testimonianze dei soldati-scrittori la cui esperienza di quei giorni acquista senso se inserita in una dimensione collettiva e storica.
Le stratificazioni temporali – relative tanto alla lettura storiografica, militare e politica quanto agli scritti memoriali e letterari – costituiscono un fattore importante per la riappropriazione di un evento che tocca la storia e l'identità italiane. Nel processo di rievocazione del trauma, la rappresentazione dello choc subìto tiene conto sia dell'immediatezza del vissuto che della simbolizzazione retrospettiva. Questo volume intende allora studiare i meccanismi attraverso i quali il ricordo del trauma di Caporetto prende forma nel linguaggio auto-biografico o finzionale inteso anche come espressione terapeutica e luogo della resilienza. Testo dell'editore
Energy tourism, which is quite recent despite the fact that the practice of tourists visiting power plants, very often for educational purposes, has a long tradition in Slovenia due to power plants ...on the Drava River. Particularly, the oldest Fala power plant is an area where the technical field of electric power production and transmission overlaps with tourism. The article that employs the methods of participant observation, interviews with some stakeholders and content analysis focuses on some possibilities of including electric power production and transmission infrastructure into various tourist and educational programmes, including through storytelling, which is a useful tool also when it comes to presenting sustainable and socially responsible project design, considering the needs of all stakeholders involved in the process and, consequently, raising awareness and responsibility towards the environment. Based on a case study of the Kobarid substation, which is a modern sustainably designed power facility built in a Natura 2000 protected area, this article focuses on the possibilities of creating new energy tourism products by employing storytelling, new media and new technologies.
An assessment of the relationship between displacement rates of objects located in areas of active soil creep and rainfall intensities was performed using a permanent-scatterer technique of synthetic ...aperture radar interferometry. The study focussed on two areas in central Slovenia during the period between April 1992 and December 2000. Based on field assessments, six permanent scatterers for one area and 11 scatterers for the other were selected for analysis from >4300 available permanent scatterers. Displacement rates related to creeping processes were compared with the different durations and intensities of rain in order to assess the threshold values that initiate the creeping process and to assess the relationship between the speed of the movement and the precipitation events. Although the permanent scatterer displacement data contain much noise, our results indicate that soil creep is induced by 20mm of rain in 1day or 50mm of rain in 3days, causing an average elevation decrease of 0.5 and 1mm, respectively. The elevation decreases due to soil creep were observed as instantaneous events, since no increased correlations were observed when a time lag between precipitation and displacement was taken into account. Models developed in this research indicated very similar rates of tectonic uplift for the two research areas in the event of no rain, and these rates were found to be faster than the regional tectonic uplift. This suggests that areas with high rates of tectonic uplift and areas of active soil creep may be related.
► Soil creeping and daily rainfall measurements have been analysed for correlations. ► PSInSAR measurements were used for assessing of terrain displacements. ► Rainfall with an intensity of 20mmday−1 or more are the major triggering factor. ► Precipitation event produces soil creeping without delay. ► Rapid tectonic uplift might be an important factor at soil creeping areas.
•We investigate the source parameters scaling of the Kobarid (2004) seismic sequence.•The logarithm of seismic moment increases linearly (with slope 1) with local magnitude.•Radiated energy and Brune ...radius increase with seismic moment.•Both apparent stress and Brune stress drop increase with seismic moment.•The observed non-self-similarity confirms the results of other studies in the area.
Source parameters of the mainshock (ML=5.3) and of 165 aftershocks (0.8<ML<3.5) of the 2004 Kobarid (Western Slovenia) seismic sequence are investigated in order to determine the corresponding source scaling relations. Data recorded from July to December 2004 by the Friuli and Veneto seismic network (FV), managed by the Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS) and installed in Northeastern Italy, are employed to obtain the SH-wave amplitude Fourier spectra of the selected earthquakes. For source spectra computation, we consider only records with significant values of the signal-to-noise ratio and, to account for local amplifications, we compute standard H/V spectral ratios (HVSR) for all the stations of the network. After correction for attenuation effects, source spectra obtained at stations with negligible site effects show a good fit with a ω-square model. We adopt different approaches to compute the source parameters and final results are chosen based on the obtained misfits between observed and theoretical source spectra. For 21 earthquakes of the sequence the obtained results are confirmed by the Empirical Green Function (EGF) technique, applied by estimating the spectral ratios of couples of events with hypocentral distance differences smaller than 500m and magnitude differences greater than 1. The mainshock of the sequence is characterized by a seismic moment of 3.5×1016Nm and a corner frequency of 0.8Hz, corresponding, in the Brune’s model (1970), to a fault radius of 1465m and a stress drop of 4.9MPa. Aftershocks have seismic moments in the range 3.3×1011, 1.8×1014Nm, corner frequencies between 1.9 and 12.4Hz (Brune radii between 95 and 638m) and stress drops in the range 0.03, 1.55MPa. The observed scaling of seismic moment (M0) with the local magnitude (ML) is consistent with the trend: LogM0=1.06ML+10.56. The Brune radius (rB) increases with the seismic moment according to: LogrB=0.22LogM0−0.40. Moreover, in spite of the high dispersion that characterizes the estimates of the Brune stress drop (ΔσB), we observe also an increase of ΔσB with M0. The mainshock is characterized by 2.4×1012J radiated energy (ES) and 1.9MPa apparent stress (σa). Aftershocks have energies between 2.0×105 and 7.4×108J and apparent stress values increasing with the seismic moment in the range 0.01, 0.48MPa. Radiated energies increase with seismic moments according to the empirical relationship: LogES=1.53LogM0−12.47. The scaling of both ΔσB and σa with M0 in the range of magnitude between 0.8 and 5.3, evidences the non-self-similarity characteristics of the 2004 Kobarid seismic sequence. Similar results have been obtained by previous studies concerning the source parameter scaling of the background seismicity and of other seismic sequences of the area.
At the fortified hilltop settlement of Tonovcov grad near Kobarid in western Slovenia, window glass was found in the layers of use and destruction of a late antique house and church complex. Two ...natural colour types (yellowish and green) are represented. The glass shows the usual characteristics of the cylinder-blowing process; some of the panes were shaped by grozing. The most interesting discovery was a large number of carefully cut and grozed geometrical shapes (triangles and parallelograms), which must have formed one or more windows in the nave of the main church at Tonovcov grad. They represent a predecessor of stained (painted) glass windows. A brief review of a selection of contemporary sites shows that glazed windows were not a rare occurrence in the Late Antique south-eastern Alpine settlements but that they appeared in probably all the churches and in most houses.
The source parameters of the major events of a swarm and of two seismic sequences, occurred in the Friuli area (Northeastern Italy) and in Western Slovenia, were estimated. The Claut swarm (C96) ...occurred since the end of January to June 1996, with a
M
D 4.3 major shock and it appears composed of three sub-sequences. The two sequences are the Kobarid sequence (K98) started on April 12, 1998 with a
M
D 5.6 mainshock and the M.te Sernio (S02) sequence caused by the February 14, 2002 earthquake (
M
D
=
4.9). Acceleration and velocity data recorded by the local seismic network of the Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimenale (OGS) and corrected for attenuation, were employed to estimate seismic moments and radiated energies. Source dimensions were inferred from the computed corner frequencies and the stress release was estimated from the Brune stress drop, the apparent stress and the RMS stress drop. On the whole, seismic moments range from 1.7
×
10
12 to 1.1
×
10
17
N
m, and radiated energies are in the range 10
6–10
13
J. Brune stress drops are scattered and do not show any evidence of a self-similarity breakdown for sources down to 130
m radius. The radiated seismic energy scales as a function of seismic moment, with a slope of the scaling relation that decreases for increasing seismic moments.
The mechanism of stress release was analyzed by computing the
ɛ parameter of Zuniga Zuniga, R., 1993. Frictional overshoot and partial stress drop. Which one? Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 83, 939–944. The K98 and S02 sequences are characterized by a wide range of the
ɛ parameter with stress drop mechanism varying from partial locking to overshoot cases. The
ɛ values of the C96 swarm are more homogeneous and close to the Orowan's condition. The radiated seismic energy and the ratio of stress drop between mainshock and aftershocks appear different among the analyzed cases. We therefore investigated the relationship between the stress parameters of the main shock and the energy radiated by the aftershock sequences. For this purpose, we also estimated the source parameters of two other sequences occurred in the area, with mainshocks of
M
D 4.1 and 5.1, respectively. We found a positive correlation between the Brune stress drop of the mainshock and the ratio between the radiated energy of the mainshock and the summation of the energies radiated by the aftershocks.
PDF
