Tomáš i Jan Baťa oba museli řídit své globální podniky za podmínek místní, evropské i světové krize 20. a 30. let. Jejich podniky prosperovaly a ve 30. letech za celosvětové krize dosáhly nevídaného ...globálního rozmachu a rozkvětu. V této stati identifikujeme hlavní důvody proč může podnik prosperovat v prostředí všeobecné krize. Shrnujeme krizové hospodářské výsledky koncernu Baťa, porovnáváme klíčové statistiky, a zdůrazňujeme nosné, i když osobně rozdílné, myšlenky a hodnoty Tomáše i Jana Bati. Hlavním klíčem je existence výrazné a ucelené soustavy řízení podniku (SŘB), která jasně definuje společné zájmy a podmínky spolupráce zaměstnanců, manažerů a vlastníků. Každý podnik má volbu ve svých reakcích na krizi: 1. Pasivní makro-reakce, tj. lobbování a čekání na rozhodnutí, pravidla a finanční dotace ze strany státu, nebo 2. Aktivní mikro-reakce, tj. adaptace organizace a řízení podniku na převládající krizové podmínky a využití pasivity a vyčkávací „taktiky“ konkurence k uchopení nových konkurenčních výhod. Jde o to, zda volíme „stranu a vládu“ nebo soukromé podniky „svobodného trhu“ jako základ hospodářské výkonnosti a společenské prosperity.Tomas and Jan Bata both had to manage their global enterprises under the conditions of local, European and world crises of the 20s and 30s. Yet, they prospered and during the worldwide depression of the 30s they achieved unprecedented global growth and flourish. In this essay we identify the main reasons why a firm can prosper in the environment of general crisis. We summarize economic results of Bata concern, compare its key statistics, and emphasize the fundamental albeit personally different ideas and values of Tomas and Jan Bata. The main key was the existence of a striking and fully integrated Bata management system (BMS)which clearly defined interests and conditions of cooperation among employees, managers and owners. Every company faces a choice in its reactions to a crisis: 1. Passive macro-reaction, e.g., waiting for decisions, rules or financial bailouts from the government, lobbying politicians, nurturing “survival”, or 2. Active micro-reaction, i.e. adjusting its business organization and management to the prevailing crisis conditions, exploiting the passivity and waiting “tactics” of competitors, creating new competitive advantage. The issue is: do they choose the “party and government” or the “free-market” private enterprise as the base of their economic performance and social prosperity?
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Reportáž o aktuální situaci v ČR po zastavení dodávek plynu z Ruska do Evropy.
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I když dříve nebo později bude dodávka plynu z Ruska obnovena, je třeba ...do budoucna uvažovat o náhradním zdroji a náhradní trase. Nahradit by ho mohli surovinou z Norska. Skandinávci chtějí na evropský trh pumpovat stále více plynu. Norský premiér říká, že množství norského plynu dodávaného do Evropy stále zvyšují. Česku se vyplatily jeho velké zásobníky. Do konce zimy by se bez ruského plynu obešlo. Dokonce může vypomoci i Slovensku.
Hovoří: Tarrandellas Espuny Ferran mluvčí komise pro energetiku Chalupský Martin mluvčí RWE Transgas Stoltenberg Jens norský premiér Topolánek Mirek český premiér
Even though oil supplies from Russia will sooner or later be restored, it is necessary to consider reserve resources and gas lines. Gas from Norway could become a substitute. Scandinavians want to pump more and more gas into the European market. Norwegian prime minister says Norway keeps increasing the amount of gas supplies to Europe. The Czech Republic is lucky to have huge gas stores to see gas crises through and to even provide help to Slovakia.
Speaking: Ferran Espuny Tarradellas - press officer of the EU Energy Commission Chalupský Martin - press officer of RWE Transgas Stoltenberg Jens - Norwegian prime minister Topolánek Mirek - Czech prime minister
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Reportage about the situation in CZ after the interruption of oil supplies from Russia.
Neizvjesna budućnost i promjene koje se događaju nepojmljivo utječu na poslovanje poduzeća od kojeg se danas traži ekonomska dinamika, inovativnost i permanentna prilagodba. Kako bi opstala na ...tržištu poduzeća moraju da primijete svaku promjenu i da na vrijeme reagiraju. Anticipativno upravljanje krizom ima cilj poduzimanje mjera protiv krize, ako se ona uopće dogodi u budućnosti. Ovo upravljanje svoje aktivnosti bazira na eliminaciji neizvjesnosti. Poduzetnici koji se susreću sa neizvjesnošću, svoje daljnje korake poduzimaju sa elementima rizika. Kriza se obično događa bez prethodnog upozorenja i zato je važno da su akcioni planovi spremni kako bi popravili situaciju i vratili poslovanje u normalan kolosijek u kratkom vremenskom roku.
Predmet rada bazira se na važnosti ranog otkrivanja krize. Radna hipoteza glasi da pravodobno uočavanje simptoma krize od strane menadžmenta i donošenje adekvatnih odluka pozitivno utiče na uspješnost poslovanja. Istraživanje je provedeno na teritoriji Bosne i Hercegovine na uzorku od 100 poduzeća. Podaci su dobiveni putem anketnog upitnika, a u funkciji izvođenja sudova korištene su metode indukcije, komparacije i sinteze. Empirijski rezultati su obrađeni u statističkom programu SPSS-u. Posebna pažnja posvećena je kronološkom tijeku krize. Prvo se javlja strateška kriza, nakon nje kriza uspjeha, a na kraju je kriza likvidnosti. Ispitanici su iskazali visok stupanj suglasnosti sa tvrdnjama, ali su rezultati primjene niski. Menadžeri sa više godina iskustva iskazuju veći stupanj primjene. Informacije o krizi dobiju kasno i to većinom iz računovodstva poduzeća.
Turizam je ekonomska aktivnost koja je posljednih desetljeća doživjela najdinamičniji razvoj, ali ga karakterizira i osjetljivost u mnogim aspektima. Kako je pandemija Covid-a-19 prouzročila globalno ...drastična usporavanja i izazove kao nikada ranije, autori smatraju da je važno učiti iz prošlosti kako bi se razumjela priroda kriza u turizmu te mikro- i makroekonomski odgovori na njih te kako bi se bolje pripremili na njih. Cilj je ove rasprave mapirati prošle krize koje su utjecale na turizam i analizirati njihov utjecaj na odluke o putovanjima prema vrsti krize uz korištenje metodologije sustavnog pregleda literature (SLR). Autori vjeruju da rezultati ukazuju na razloge za sve veću potrebu proširivanja našeg akademskog i praktičnog znanja o segmentaciji tržišta potrošača. Na osnovu ukupnih rezultata pregleda, ovaj rad doprinosi boljem razumijevanju utjecaja kriza na odluke o putovanju kako bi se izvijestilo o dostignutim i budućim teoretskim i empirijskim saznanjima u području, naročito u marketingu i planiranju u turizmu. Nakon rasprave teorijskih i praktičnih implikacija rezultata te interpretacije prirode studije, članak zaključuje pozivom na daljnja ciljana istraživanja.
Tourism has been one of the most dynamically developing sectors in recent decades, is also vulnerable in numerous aspects. Since the COVID-19 pandemic caused such global drastic fallbacks and challenges as never before, the authors believe that it is crucial to learn from the past to understand the nature of crises in tourism and the micro- and macroeconomic responses to them, in order to be better prepared. The aim of this study is to map past crises affecting tourism and to analyse their impact on travel decisions according to the type of crisis, using the methodology of a systematic literature review (SLR). The authors believe that the results establish the reasons for the extremely increasing need for expanding our scholarly and practical knowledge concerning consumer market segmentation. Based on the comprehensive findings of the review, this article contributes to the indepth understanding of the impact of crises on travel decisions to apprise recent and future theoretical and empirical advances in the area, especially in tourism marketing and planning. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed and given the exploratory nature of the work, the paper concludes calling for further targeted research.
U svjetskoj ekonomiji nafta zauzima jednu od najvažnijih uloga u gospodarskom razvoju svake zemlje. S obzirom da je strateški važna sirovina, njena cijena utječe na različite grane nacionalnih ...gospodarstava, kretanja političkih i gospodarskih trendova, kretanja indeksa na burzama te stanje svjetskog gospodarstva općenito. Tijekom povijesti, događali su se razni preokreti cijena nafte, čime bi mnoge zemlje ili tvrtke ostvarivale značajnu dobit ili upale u krizu. U razdoblju pandemije virusa SARS-CoV-2, cijena nafte drastično je potonula te se u ovom radu analizira taj pad cijene u usporedbi s cijenama tijekom prijašnjih kriza kroz povijest.
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Z britských lodí byl proveden útok na egyptský přístav Port Said. Po leteckých náletech následoval vojenský výsadek. Angličanům a Francouzům se podařilo obsadit severní ...vjezd do suezského průplavu. Části města jsou zničené, tisíce civilních obyvatel bylo zabito. Do oblasti kanálu byly urychleně poslány jednotky členských zemí OSN.
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Československé filmové týdeníky byly původně vysílány v kinech v letech 1945 až 1989. Od roku 1995 jsou opět vysílány v České televizi každý týden přesně po padesáti letech. Uvedené datum vysílání je datum prvního uvedení tohoto týdeníku ve vysílání České televize.
Czechoslovak Newsreels were produced and shown between 1945 and 1989. Since 1995 they have been broadcast on TV exactly 50 years after their original run in theaters. The broadcast date provided is the date of the first transmission of this news item on Czech Television.
An attack on Egyptian Port Said was launched from British ships. After air strikes, a military airdrop followed. Englishmen and Frenchmen succeeded in occupying the northern entrance of the Suez Canal. Parts of the town were destroyed, thousands of civilians were killed. Units of UN member countries were quickly sent to the channel area.
The aim of the paper is to present original findings obtained from the analysis of the SMEs (Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises) embedded in the South Moravia Region (Czech Republic). Data collected ...from the survey during 2010 was analyzed in the context of the DERREG project and the results were set with respect to globalization tendencies. The first part of the Business network questionnaire for the Czech case study took place during the spring. Forty three Small and Medium-Sized firms out of 550 approached replied to the email questionnaire. The responses provided us with a valuable insight in to how SMEs located in various territorial settings are able to develop and maintain a certain structure to their business network. In the second stage of activities, structured interviews were conducted during the summer of 2010 with follow-up questions from the questionnaire as well as the completion of an "Actor map". The analysis allowed the interviewee to classify the firms according to the dominant function of their networks. Results found that the majority of companies were not affected significantly by the economic crisis. The worst years for them were 2008 and 2009 where profits decreased in all areas of activity. Small businesses agreed that in a time of crisis it is much harder to succeed in the market against supermarkets and wholesalers, who can afford to lower the prices. A positive side of the crisis can be the fact that much more companies try to break into foreign markets where they get offered better prices for some commodities. The majority of respondents agreed that the economic crisis is retreating and they look optimistically into the future.
Cílem příspěvku je představit původní výsledky autorů zjištěné analýzou MSP (malých a středních podniků) Jihomoravského kraje (ČR). Data získaná průzkumem v roce 2010 byla analyzována v kontextu projektu DERREG a výsledky byly vztaženy k problematice globalizace. První část dotazníkového šetření obchodní sítě v české případové studii probíhala na jaře. Čtyřicet tři malých a středních podniků z 550 oslovených odpovědělo na dotazník zaslaný e-mailem. I přes takto nízkou návratnost nám odpovědi poskytly cenné informace o tom, jak jsou malé a střední podniky nacházející se v tomto regionu schopny rozvoje a udržení struktury své obchodní sítě. Druhá fáze šetření se zabývala strukturovanými rozhovory, které následovaly v letním období a podrobněji rozebíraly otázky v dotazníku. V průběhu rozhovorů byl hlavní důraz kladen především na vyplňování tabulky tvořící základ hlavního výstupu této fáze, tzv. "Mapu hlavních aktérů". Díky této analýze bylo možno zařadit firmy podle dominantní funkce jejich sítí. Většina firem nebyla krizí významně ovlivněna. Nejhoršími lety pro ně byly 2008 a 2009, kdy se snížil zisk ve všech oblastech jejich činností. Malé podniky se shodly na tom, že v době krize je mnohem těžší uspět na trhu v porovnání se supermarkety a velkoobchody, které si mohou dovolit nižší ceny. Pozitivní stránkou krize může být skutečnost, že se mnohem více firem snaží proniknout na zahraniční trhy, kde jsou nabízeny lepší ceny některých komodit. V pohledu do budoucna byla většina respondentů optimisty a shodla se na tom, že krize je na ústupu.
An essential account of the historic subprime mortgage crisis, from the Nobel Prize–winning economist and bestselling author of Irrational Exuberance The subprime mortgage crisis has already wreaked ...havoc on the lives of millions of people and now it threatens to derail the U.S. economy and economies around the world. In this trenchant book, best-selling economist Robert Shiller reveals the origins of this crisis and puts forward bold measures to solve it. He calls for an aggressive response—a restructuring of the institutional foundations of the financial system that will not only allow people once again to buy and sell homes with confidence, but will create the conditions for greater prosperity in America and throughout the deeply interconnected world economy.Shiller blames the subprime crisis on the irrational exuberance that drove the economy's two most recent bubbles—in stocks in the 1990s and in housing between 2000 and 2007. He shows how these bubbles led to the dangerous overextension of credit now resulting in foreclosures, bankruptcies, and write-offs, as well as a global credit crunch. To restore confidence in the markets, Shiller argues, bailouts are needed in the short run. But he insists that these bailouts must be targeted at low-income victims of subprime deals. In the longer term, the subprime solution will require leaders to revamp the financial framework by deploying an ambitious package of initiatives to inhibit the formation of bubbles and limit risks, including better financial information; simplified legal contracts and regulations; expanded markets for managing risks; home equity insurance policies; income-linked home loans; and new measures to protect consumers against hidden inflationary effects.This powerful book is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand how we got into the subprime mess—and how we can get out.
Using a fixed effect multivariate panel logit econometric model and taking possible endogenity problem into account, we test the hypothesis that foreign bank participation contributes to decrease in ...banking crises in transition economies in 1990-2006. The results suggest that foreign bank participation decreases the possibility of banking crises, controlling for other factors that may cause banking crises. This paper contributes to the literature by presenting the first empirical evidence on the negative relationship between the actual level of foreign bank presence (or foreign bank concentration) and banking crises for transition countries.
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