Families of the king Sheppard, Alice
Families of the king,
c2004, 20041130, 2004, 2014, 2004-01-01, 20040101, Letnik:
12
eBook
The annals of theAnglo-Saxon Chronicleare fundamental to the study of the language, literature, and culture of the Anglo-Saxon period. Ranging from the ninth to the twelfth century, its five primary ...manuscripts offer a virtually contemporary history of Anglo-Saxon England, contribute to the body of Old English prose and poetic texts, and enable scholars to document how the Old English language changed.
InFamilies of the King, Alice Sheppard explicitly addresses the larger interpretive question of how the manuscripts function as history. She shows that what has been read as a series of disparate entries and peculiar juxtapositions is in fact a compelling articulation of collective identity and a coherent approach to writing the secular history of invasion, conquest, and settlement. Sheppard argues that, in writing about the king's performance of his lordship obligations, the annalists transform literary representations of a political ethos into an identifying culture for the Anglo-Saxon nobles and those who conquered them.
For modeling the rate of deposition of cohesive flocs in estuaries the Krone equation is extensively used. It was derived from flume experiments on muddy sediment from the San Francisco Bay, and is ...applicable to low suspended sediment concentration environments in which shear-induced aggregation – the growth and break up of flocs – has a limited role. It is shown that the use of this equation can lead to erroneous estimates of the mass deposition flux at typically higher estuarine concentrations. Krone's own experimental data permit the development of a more general equation accounting for the effects of concentration and turbulent shear rate on aggregation. These effects are dramatically observed in a deposition test in which a wire mesh was inserted in the flow to change the turbulent shearing rate and increase deposition. Even with the inclusion of aggregation effect in the general equation, field-based observations from San Francisco Bay suggest that typical flumes generally may not meet the space and time scaling requirements for field application of laboratory data. Thus, although the Krone equation should be eschewed in favor of the general equation, interpretations of model-predicted deposition rate must not be accepted without robust field-based verification.
•Krone's deposition equation derived from flume experimental data and is widely used.•Krone's eqn can give erroneous estimates of mass deposition flux at high turbidity.•Inclusion of aggregation effects in the general Krone eqn still produced errors.•In situ data suggest flumes may not meet scaling requirements for field application.•Assessment shows model-predicted deposition rates need robust field-verification.
The Krone–Partheniades (K-P) framework has been used for decades to quantify and analyze the sediment exchange at a water–bed interface. Measuring the erosion and deposition parameters that are part ...of this framework requires time-consuming field observations. Additionally, the erosion parameters are measured independently of deposition parameters, while in reality they are coupled. In numerical models applying the K-P framework these parameters are often assumed to be constant in time and mutually independent. In this study, we develop a relatively simple methodology to determine the erosion and deposition parameters, using conventional near-bed observations of bed level, sediment concentration and flow velocity. This methodology is subsequently applied to tripod observations collected in the Changjiang estuary, China, to compute continuous time-varying erosion and settling parameters. We propose a diagram to visualize the interdependency and accuracy of erosion and deposition parameters, which is the input for K-P framework models requiring this interdependency.
The aim of this clinical study was to test whether or not digital workflows for the fabrication of crowns render different clinical outcomes from the conventional pathway with respect to (1) crown ...quality, and (2) time efficiency.
For each of the 10 patients in need of one tooth-supported crown, five monolithic crowns were produced out of lithium disilicate reinforced glass ceramic. Four different optical impression and associated computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems were used for crown fabrication (digital workflows): (1) Lava C.O.S. scanner and Lava C.O.S. and CARES CAD software, centralized CAM (group L); (2) Cadent iTero scanner, CARES CAD software and centralized CAM (group iT); (3) Cerec Bluecam, Cerec Connect CAD software, followed by laboratory-based CAM (group CiL); and (4) centralized CAM (group CiD). The conventional crown (group K) was fabricated based on a conventional silicone impression followed by a conventional wax-up and heat press technique. The examiners were blinded and evaluated the crowns clinically at the bisque-bake stage (initial try-in), and subsequently after finalization by a dental technician (final try-in). For the assessment of crown quality, modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria were used. Treatment times were recorded for clinical evaluation and adjustment. The quality ratings were analyzed descriptively. For both the continuous and ordinal outcomes, the non-parametric paired Wilcoxon test was applied, together with an appropriate Bonferroni correction to evaluate the differences between treatment groups. The results of the statistical analysis were interpreted globally at the significance level P = 0.05.
The clinical evaluation during the initial and final try-ins demonstrated similar clinical outcome measures for crowns generated with the four digital workflows and the conventional workflow. No statistically significant differences of crown quality in any state were found between groups (P > 0.005). The total clinical treatment times measured were: 456 ± 240 s for L; 655 ± 374 s for iT; 783 ± 403 s for CiL; 556 ± 285 s for CiD; and 833 ± 451 s for K. No statistically significant differences in treatment times were found between the groups (P > 0.05).
Within the limitations of the present study, the monolithic ceramic crowns resulting from the four different CAD/CAM systems did not differ from the conventionally produced crowns with respect to the clinical quality rating and the treatment time efficiency.
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