The goal of this study is to analyse the predictive performance of the random forest machine learning technique in comparison to commonly used hedonic models based on multiple regression for the ...prediction of apartment prices. A data set that includes 7407 records of apartment transactions referring to real estate sales from 2008–2013 in the city of Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia, was used in order to test and compare the predictive performances of both models. Apparent challenges faced during modelling included (1) the non-linear nature of the prediction assignment task; (2) input data being based on transactions occurring over a period of great price changes in Ljubljana whereby a 28% decline was noted in six consecutive testing years; and (3) the complex urban form of the case study area. Available explanatory variables, organised as a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) ready dataset, including the structural and age characteristics of the apartments as well as environmental and neighbourhood information were considered in the modelling procedure. All performance measures (R2 values, sales ratios, mean average percentage error (MAPE), coefficient of dispersion (COD)) revealed significantly better results for predictions obtained by the random forest method, which confirms the prospective of this machine learning technique on apartment price prediction.
Purpose
This paper aims to present a model to survey if effective destination management can manage (unsustainable) overtourism from the perspective of residents’ quality of life (QOL).
...Design/methodology/approach
A constructivist approach, based on factors taken from conceptual overtourism model (Mihalic, 2020), was used to propose an overtourism QOL management model. Relationships among the factors were analysed with a path analyses model with two second-order latent factors. The model was tested in a real setting, the city of Ljubljana.
Findings
The proposed theoretical model is comprised of five factors: positive tourism impacts, negative tourism impacts, irritation with overtourism, residents’ QOL and destination management. Empirical tests confirmed the model. Positive tourism impacts positively affected residents’ QOL via destination management. Negative tourism impacts created overtourism-based resident irritation and negatively impacted their QOL.
Research limitations/implications
The model was limited to one group of sustainable tourism stakeholders: residents of a destination. The sustainability performance of tourism was only assessed based on residents’ QOL.
Practical implications
The proposed model adds to the conceptual knowledge of tourism and may be useful for (sustainable) destination managers to monitor the existence and causes of overtourism and may help to focus efforts to manage the causes of overtourism irritation and improve residents’ QOL.
Originality/value
Overtourism is a concern for residents of tourism destinations who become irritated by unsustainable tourism impacts on community resources and their QOL. The suggested model is the first to address destination management’s ability to manage unsustainable overtourism.
题目：过度旅游可以管理吗？影响居民恼怒和生活质量的目的地管理因素
设计/方法/路径：
本文采用建构主义的方法, 基于概念性的过度旅游模型（Mihalic, 2020年）中的因素, 提出了过度旅游中居民生活质量（QOL）管理模型。这些因子之间的关系是通过对包含两个二阶潜在因子的模型的路径分析得到的。该模型在卢布尔雅那市的真实情况中进行了测试。
目的：
本文提出了这样一个模型, 从居民的生活质量（QOL）角度出发, 调查有效的目的地管理是否可以管理（不可持续的）过度旅游。
结果：
理论模型由五部分组成：正面的旅游影响, 负面的旅游影响, 过度旅游带来的恼怒, 居民的生活质量和目的地管理。实证检验证实了该模型。积极的旅游业通过目的地管理对居民的生活质量产生了积极影响。负面的旅游影响造成了基于过度旅游的居民恼怒情绪, 并对其生活质量产生了负面影响。
研究局限性/应用：
该模型仅基于一个可持续的旅游业利益相关者：目的地居民。旅游业的可持续发展绩效仅根据居民的生活质量来评估。
实际应用：
社会和实际意义： 提出的模型增加了旅游的概念性知识, 并且可能有助于（可持续）目的地管理者监督过度旅游的存在和原因, 并且集中精力管理过度旅游引起的居民恼怒情绪, 并改善居民的生活质量。
原创性/价值：
对于旅游目的地的居民来说, 过度旅游是一个令人担忧的问题, 他们因不可持续的旅游业对社区资源及其生活质量的影响而感到不快。本模型是第一个解决目的地管理机构管理不可持续的过度旅游的能力的模型。
Se puede gestionar el exceso de turismo? Factores de gestión del destino que afectan a la irritación y la calidad de vida de los residentes
Diseño/metodología/enfoque
Para proponer un modelo de gestión del sobreturismo QOL, se utilizó un enfoque constructivista, basado en factores tomados del modelo conceptual de sobreturismo (Mihalic, 2020). Las relaciones entre los factores se analizaron con un modelo de análisis de rutas con dos factores latentes de segundo orden. El modelo se probó en un escenario real, la ciudad de Ljubljana.
Propósito
En este documento se presenta un modelo para estudiar si una gestión eficaz del destino puede gestionar el exceso de turismo (insostenible) desde la perspectiva de la calidad de vida de los residentes (QOL).
Hallazgos
El modelo teórico propuesto comprende cinco factores: impactos positivos del turismo, impactos negativos del turismo, irritación por el exceso de turismo, calidad de vida de los residentes y gestión del destino. Las pruebas empíricas confirmaron el modelo. Los impactos positivos del turismo afectaron positivamente la calidad de vida de los residentes a través de la gestión del destino. Los impactos negativos del turismo crearon una irritación de los residentes basada en el exceso de turismo y tuvieron un impacto negativo en su calidad de vida.
Limitaciones/implicaciones de la investigación
El modelo se limitaba a un grupo de interesados en el turismo sostenible: los residentes de un destino. El desempeño de la sostenibilidad del turismo sólo se evaluó en base a la calidad de vida de los residentes.
Implicaciones prácticas
Implicaciones sociales y prácticas: El modelo propuesto contribuye al conocimiento conceptual del turismo y puede ser útil para que los gestores de destinos (sostenibles) vigilen la existencia y las causas del exceso de turismo y pueda ayudar a centrar los esfuerzos en la gestión de las causas de la irritación del exceso de turismo y mejorar la calidad de vida de los residentes.
Originalidad/valor
El exceso de turismo es una preocupación para los residentes de los destinos turísticos que se irritan por los impactos insostenibles del turismo en los recursos de la comunidad y su QOL. El modelo sugerido es el primero que aborda la capacidad de la gestión del destino para gestionar el sobreturismo insostenible.
Po letu 2010 je prišlo do velikega porasta turističnega obiska v mestnih občinah, ki so postale najpomembnejša skupina turističnih občin (z okoli 29 % vseh prihodov turistov in 36 % prihodov tujih ...turistov v Sloveniji v letu 2019). Velik del rasti turističnega obiska je prispevala prav mestna občina Ljubljana, v kateri je bilo v letu 2019 zabeleženih 18 % vseh prihodov turistov in 23 % prihodov tujih turistov v Sloveniji. Pandemija covida-19 je najbolj prizadela prav mestne občine. Na koncu prispevek izpostavlja, da je na eni strani Ljubljana postala ena najhitreje rastočih in pomembnih turističnih destinacij v Srednji Evropi, na drugi strani pa se povečan turistični obisk Slovenije ni odrazil v obisku drugih mestnih občin, kot so npr. Celje, Murska Sobota, Velenje, Slovenj Gradec in Krško, ki močno zaostajajo tako po številu turistov kot po deležu tujih turistov. To očitno kaže na njihov relativno majhen turistični potencial kot tudi skromno razvitost turistične ponudbe in infrastrukture.
Young family carers are people who in their everyday lives provide care to members of their family. This means they do things, often on a regular basis, which are usually associated with adults. In ...Slovenia, young carers are an invisible population and a neglected research topic. The data from Youth in Ljubljana 2017 give us the first insights into the characteristics of young carers in Slovenia. The dependent variable in our regression analysis is the subjective meanings young people attribute to caring activities within the family. Family caring activities are more important to young women, households with siblings, and religious children. Greater importance is asso- ciated with both increasing age and permanent residence in Ljubljana. Moreover, the higher importance of family caring activities is associated with lower school success.
Prazgodovinska naselbina na prostoru današnje Ljubljane je bila zgrajena na stičišču pomembnih prometnic in je delovala kot trgovsko središče že od kulture žarnih grobišč. Življenje v njej ...je potekalo od 13. do 5. st. pr. n. št., pri čemer je od sredine 8. in v 7. st. pr. n. št. opazen drastičen upad v poselitvi, kar se odraža tudi v majhnem številu grobov. Notranja struktura naselbine, odkrite na Tribuni (predel Prul), nam priča o premišljeni, dobro načrtovani ter strnjeni poselitvi. V njej se zrcalijo zametki urbanih elementov, sploh upoštevajoč domnevo, da je akropola stala na strateško pomembnem Grajskem hribu in da je bilo na Tribuni »spodnje mesto« večjega naselbinskega areala, v katerem so živeli in ustvarjali obrtniki (rokodelci) in trgovci. Ob reki Ljubljanici bi smeli pričakovati predel z gospodarskimi objekti oz. delavnicami ter pristan, na območju Poljan pa zaradi rodovitnih evtričnih rjavih tal polja, na katerih so uspevale kultivirane rastline.
The article considers the main features of modernization of the Slovenian city of Ljubljana in the late 19th – early 20th centuries under the leadership of Župan (mayor) Ivan Hribar. Following the ...example of the major European cities and their achievements, this prominent Slovenian liberal politician sought to turn Ljubljana into a beautiful, modern, and technically equipped city that could compete with other urban centers of Austria-Hungary. He also made it his mission to develop national identity of the Slovenes and remove the signs of German influence in Ljubljana, which, in his opinion, was to become a city of Slovenian character. He became a župan in 1896, after a major earthquake, which caused enormous damage to the city. In 15 years he managed to implement most of his plans for improvement and to form the new image of Ljubljana, that of a modern Slovenian city. This work is the first attempt to describe Hribar’s activities as a župan of Ljubljana in detail and also to retrace the influence of his national and political views on the formation of municipal policy.
The city of Ljubljana lies at the intersection of various geomorphological regions that have strongly influenced its spatial organization. Prehistoric settlements were built on marshland, a Roman ...town was built on the first river terrace of the Ljubljanica River, and in the Middle Ages a town was built in a strategic position between the Ljubljanica River and Castle Hill. The modern city absorbed all usable space between the nearby hills. This paper reviews some relief features in Ljubljana, their influence on the city’s spatial development, and urban geoheritage. The results indicate new possibilities for urban geoheritage tourism in the Slovenian capital and its surroundings.
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