Background:
This study explores the association of experienced dependency in psychotherapy as measured with the CDQ (Care Dependency Questionnaire) and treatment outcome in depression. Furthermore, ...the course of care dependency and differences in the CDQ scores depending on the received type of treatment, MCT (metacognitive therapy), or CBASP (cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy), were investigated.
Methods:
The study follows a prospective, parallel group observational design. Patients suffering from depression received an 8-week intensive day clinic program, which was either CBASP or MCT. The treatment decision was made by clinicians based on the presented symptomatology and with regard to the patients' preferences. The patients reported depressive symptoms with the QIDS-SR16 (Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology) and levels of experienced care dependency with the German version of the CDQ on a weekly basis. Mixed-model analyses were run to account for the repeated-measures design.
Results:
One hundred patients were included in the analyses. Results indicate that higher levels of care dependency might predict a less favorable outcome of depressive symptomatology. Levels of care dependency as well as depressive symptoms decreased significantly over the course of treatment. There was no significant between-group difference in care dependency between the two treatment groups.
Conclusion:
The results suggest that care dependency might be associated with a worse treatment outcome in depressed patients. In general, care dependency seems to be a dynamic construct, as it is changing over time, while the levels of care dependency seem to be independent from the received type of treatment. Future research should continue investigating the mechanisms of care dependency in a randomized controlled design.
Clinical Trial Registration:
https://www.drks.de/drks_web/
, identifier: DRKS00023779.
We compare and contrast the structural evolution of two successive internal thrusts, the Main Central thrust (MCT) and the Pelling-Munsiari thrust (PT), from the crystalline core of the Sikkim ...Himalaya in the context of progressive deformation involving a footwall Lesser Himalayan duplex; the PT is its roof thrust. The mylonitic foliations in both the shear zones are overprinted by successive cleavages. The youngest cleavage from the PT zone continues within the hangingwall MCT sheet that records one additional cleavage possibly indicating time-transgressive cleavage development. The cleavages become steeper while their intensity decreases structurally higher up within individual thrust sheets. The Rs-values and angular shear strain decrease from the mylonite zones to structurally higher up within the sheets. Both the shear zones are Type II with decelerating strain paths. Rs-θ′ relationships and microstructures indicate thrust-parallel stretch is greater than thrust-perpendicular component. Both the shear zones record strain partitioning with lesser competent mylonite domains recording higher Rxz, and a greater proportion of simple-shear than the protomylonite domains. The shear zones recorded the growth of the duplex during progressive deformation that contributed to pure-shear dominated general-shear, higher flattening strain and greater translation on its roof thrust, the PT, than the overlying MCT.
A 10‐year‐old female Golden Retriever was presented for a recheck after the complete removal of low‐grade complex mammary carcinoma. The in‐house ProCyte Dx automated counts revealed moderate ...regenerative anemia and moderate eosinophilia. The ProCyte Dx WBC scattergram showed a cloud in an unusual place parallel and to the right of the monocyte dot plot location. Cells were classified as either monocytes or neutrophils with no clear separation. Complete blood count analysis performed in the laboratory on a Sysmex XT‐2000iV analyzer showed moderate regenerative anemia and WBC count within RI; a differential count was not provided by the instrument. On the Sysmex XT‐2000iV DIFF scattergram, neutrophil and eosinophil dot plots were present at the respective locations and appeared separated, but the instrument did not provide numerical results. In addition to the normal lymphocyte dot plot location, the second cloud of cells classified as lymphocytes was displayed to the right of the monocyte dot plot area. On the WBC/BASO scattergram, the second population of cells was present above and to the right of the leukocyte cluster. Morphologic assessment of the blood smear detected mastocytemia with 16% poorly granulated and degranulated mast cells. FNAs from the liver and spleen contained large aggregates of poorly granulated mast cells. C‐kit somatic mutation screening detected the presence of point mutation S479I in exon 9 of the canine c‐KIT gene. This is the first description of abnormal scattergrams from ProCyte Dx and Sysmex XT‐2000iV analyzers in a dog with concurrent mastocytemia and systemic mastocytosis, and where cytologic assessments of a blood smear, liver, and spleen, and c‐kit somatic mutation analysis were performed.
The medium chain triglyceride (MCT) ketogenic diet is used extensively for treating refractory childhood epilepsy. This diet increases the plasma levels of medium straight chain fatty acids. A role ...for these and related fatty acids in seizure control has not been established. We compared the potency of an established epilepsy treatment, Valproate (VPA), with a range of MCT diet-associated fatty acids (and related branched compounds), using in vitro seizure and in vivo epilepsy models, and assessed side effect potential in vitro for one aspect of teratogenicity, for liver toxicology and in vivo for sedation, and for a neuroprotective effect. We identify specific medium chain fatty acids (both prescribed in the MCT diet, and related compounds branched on the fourth carbon) that provide significantly enhanced in vitro seizure control compared to VPA. The activity of these compounds on seizure control is independent of histone deacetylase inhibitory activity (associated with the teratogenicity of VPA), and does not correlate with liver cell toxicity. In vivo, these compounds were more potent in epilepsy control (perforant pathway stimulation induced status epilepticus), showed less sedation and enhanced neuroprotection compared to VPA. Our data therefore implicates medium chain fatty acids in the mechanism of the MCT ketogenic diet, and highlights a related new family of compounds that are more potent than VPA in seizure control with a reduced potential for side effects.
This article is part of the Special Issue entitled ‘New Targets and Approaches to the Treatment of Epilepsy’.
► Medium chain straight and branched fatty acids were examined for seizure control in vitro. ► Structural specificity was shown for these compounds. ► Side effects were examined for active seizure-control compounds. ► In vivo seizure control, sedation and neuroprotection were shown for these compounds. ► Medium chain fatty acids relating to the MCT ketogenic diet may be active in seizure control.
The dependence on big data and lengthy training time discounts the advantages of the deep learning (DL) method in fault diagnosis to a certain extent. In this article, we proposed an easy-to-use and ...cost-effective method for bearing fault diagnosis that incorporates maximum kurtosis based fractional Fourier transform (MK-FRFT) as a feature extractor and multichannel targeting extreme learning machine (MCT-ELM) as feature fusion and classifier. Experimental studies demonstrate that MCT-ELM paired with MK-FRFT is fast to achieve an accurate fault diagnosis with a small sample length and limited data volume. The superiority is also validated by comparison with some advanced DL and machine learning (ML) methods in terms of diagnostic accuracy, time cost, robustness to noise and load variation as well as dependence on data volume. The proposed approach is promising to be applied in some practical scenarios with difficulties obtaining large data volumes and/or limited hardware configuration.
Acidic solution texture by HF/HNO3 has been wildly used for the multicrystalline-Si (mc-Si) solar cell mass production. But, acidic texturing is difficult for the diamond wire sawn wafer, because the ...damage layer does not homogeneously distribute on the diamond wire sawn wafer. Metal catalyst texture (MCT) using silver nitrate (AgNO3) is effective method even though the diamond wire sawn wafer. The texture with metal catalyst reaction is spontaneously formed irrespective of the wafer surface condition. In this article, fine texture structure is demonstrated for the diamond wire sawn wafer by the MCT method, texture structure is possible to control easily by changing the immersion time in the reaction container. The cell conversion efficiency for the diamond wire sawn wafer by the MCT is as high as that for the slurry wire sawn wafer by the acidic texture. The MCT is effective method for both the slurry and diamond wire sawn wafer. The MCT method will especially become most possible alternative candidate for the diamond wire sawn wafer.
•Fine surface texture could be formed for diamond wire sawn wafer.•Metal catalyst texture, wet chemical etching, was adopted for diamond wire sawn wafer for the first time.•High solar cell electrical properties were confirmed for diamond wire sawn wafer.•Metal catalyst texture has been shown to be beneficial for diamond wire sawn wafer.•Comparison of slurry and diamond wire sawn wafer in cell properties was investigated for the first time
The medium-chain fatty acids octanoic acid (C8) and decanoic acid (C10) are gaining attention as beneficial brain fuels in several neurological disorders. The protective effects of C8 and C10 have ...been proposed to be driven by hepatic production of ketone bodies. However, plasma ketone levels correlates poorly with the cerebral effects of C8 and C10, suggesting that additional mechanism are in place. Here we investigated cellular C8 and C10 metabolism in the brain and explored how the protective effects of C8 and C10 may be linked to cellular metabolism. Using dynamic isotope labeling, with U-
CC8 and U-
CC10 as metabolic substrates, we show that both C8 and C10 are oxidatively metabolized in mouse brain slices. The
C enrichment from metabolism of U-
CC8 and U-
CC10 was particularly prominent in glutamine, suggesting that C8 and C10 metabolism primarily occurs in astrocytes. This finding was corroborated in cultured astrocytes in which C8 increased the respiration linked to ATP production, whereas C10 elevated the mitochondrial proton leak. When C8 and C10 were provided together as metabolic substrates in brain slices, metabolism of C10 was predominant over that of C8. Furthermore, metabolism of both U-
CC8 and U-
CC10 was unaffected by etomoxir indicating that it is independent of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-1). Finally, we show that inhibition of glutamine synthesis selectively reduced
C accumulation in GABA from U-
CC8 and U-
CC10 metabolism in brain slices, demonstrating that the glutamine generated from astrocyte C8 and C10 metabolism is utilized for neuronal GABA synthesis. Collectively, the results show that cerebral C8 and C10 metabolism is linked to the metabolic coupling of neurons and astrocytes, which may serve as a protective metabolic mechanism of C8 and C10 supplementation in neurological disorders.
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