Maji Maji Giblin, J; Monson, J
2010, Letnik:
20
eBook
This volume reexamines the Maji Maji war of 1905-07 in Tanzania, the largest African rebellion against European colonialism. Contributors provide histories of previously neglected localities and ...groups, and new insight into the use of protective medicines believed to provide invulnerability.
In Europa wird intensiv über einen angemessenen Umgang mit afrikanischem Kulturgut debattiert – auch über historische Fotografien, die koloniale Afrikavorstellungen mitkonstruierten. In Tansania ...etablierten sich seit der Unabhängigkeit des Landes neue und eigenständige Praktiken in der Verwendung kolonialer Hinterlassenschaften. Ausgehend von den aktuellen Gebrauchsweisen dreier Fotografien aus dem späten 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhundert zeigt Eliane Kurmann, wie Tansanierinnen und Tansanier sich solche Bilder seit den 1960er Jahren aneignen und sie umdeuten, um sie in die postkoloniale Geschichtskultur einzubinden. Darin widerspiegeln sich die tiefgreifenden Verschiebungen, die tansanische Geschichtsbilder seit der Kolonialzeit erfahren haben. Das Buch geht auch den Entstehungskontexten dieser Fotografien und ihren früheren Verwendungen nach und entschlüsselt die medialen Konstellationen, in denen sie einst ihre kolonialen Bedeutungen erhielten. Die drei Fotogeschichten veranschaulichen, wie koloniale Fotografien zu Bildern der tansanischen Geschichte geworden sind.
Tanganyika, today Tanzania Mainland, was one of four countries, including Namibia, Cameroon, and Togo, that suffered under German colonial rule in Africa. Formally lasting from 1885 to 1918, German ...rule over Tanganyika commenced at the peak of slave trading in the region. As such, the politico-economic modes of slavery and colonialism influenced each other variably during German rule. Some of these influences have been better studied and documented than others. Issues regarding hostility between slave traders and Germans as economic competitors exemplify cases that have received better coverage in the region. At the same time, very little is known about responses of enslaved individuals or escapees against the establishment of German rule in East Africa. Using southern Tanganyika as a case study, this article examines the place of slave runaways in the colonial process and diaspora dynamics of the region. This study reveals why and how this group exerted a noticeable force against imposition of German rule in southern Tanganyika through a famous war of resistance, popularly referred to as the Maji Maji War.
As we come to an end of the celebration of a centenary and ten years since the end of the Maji Maji War against German colonialism, it is apparently clear that the historiography on the Maji Maji War ...focuses on appreciation of the Ngoni heroism against German cruelty and colonialism, as well as the loss of life caused by hunger, casualties of the war and German atrocities. It is however, noted that this view of nationalist historiography is outdated and needs to be corrected because it has outlived its usefulness as local histories and identities reveal the Ngoni atrocities, militarism, and wars against local inhabitants similar to the German rule between 1850–1890s. The nationalist historiography, like colonial historiography, pays little attention to history of victims, rather is the story of powerful state formation, states, and statism. In the nationalist case, historical investigations pay little attention on the Ngoni aggression and plunder or on this aggression’s effects on the conditions of life and the demographic dynamics on Lake Nyasa area and East to Indian Ocean from 1850s to 1907. In particular, these wars had a profound effect on the shaping of relations between 1850s and 1907. The article analyses war, militarism, and atrocities of the Ngoni on the conditions of life in East Lake Nyasa to Indian Ocean region between 1850 and 1907. The article demonstrates that during this period the people of area were harassed by Ngoni attacks and slave trade conflicts which disrupted their ways of life. And that after the German subdual of the regional powers including the Ngoni, Yao and Arab traders, relative peace and stability were restored briefly until the Maji Maji war brought further war calamities, instability and confusions. All in all, the Ngoni warlordism and militarism played large part in shaping history of modern southern Tanzania.
Numerous objects are kept in the storages of the Ethnologisches Museum, Berlin that were plundered from what was then known as German East Africa during the German colonial period of 1886-1918, for ...instance, during the Maji Maji War. In the project ""Humboldt Lab Tanzania"" Tanzanian and German academics, curators and artists take a critical look at selected artefacts, among them a large Swahili drum, objects of healing and a talisman. With the Ethnologisches Museum's imminent move to the Humboldt Forum, the collections from the former German colonies and their often-problematic provenance have again come under the focus of public awareness. The project participants from Germany and Tanzania test out new ethnological, historical and museological approaches to this shared ""colonial legacy"". The focus will be on the role and significance of the objects in the past and today as well as on the question of how to deal with ethnological collections from colonial contexts: In which way these sensitive objects and their histories can be (re)presented ? Where is the appropriate location for these objects? How can cooperation be shaped? And which new perspectives are being opened by a joint provenance research? Texte des gesamten Buches sind dreisprachig in Deutsch, Englisch und Kiswahili.
INTRODUCTION: Acute diarrheal diseases are the leading cause of preventable death, especially among children under-five in developing countries. Worldwide and nationwide diarrheal disease is the ...second leading cause of death in under-five year children. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess perception of lactating mothers' toward diarrheal disease in Mizan-Aman District, South-West Ethiopia. METHODS: community based cross-sectional quantitative study supplemented by qualitative study. A total of 383 selected households with the lactating mothers were involved in the study. Data was collected through face-to-face interview technique by trained data collectors. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Multiple logistic regressions analysis was used to identify the independent predictors. Odds ratio, with 95% confidence level and P = 0.05 were used to determine statistically significant association. RESULTS: the majority of the respondents had primary education (44.4%) and from rural area (52.2%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that past experience of diarrheal disease at household had association with residence AOR = 4.79(1.33,7.78), educational status AOR = 0.72(0.55,1.29, Wealth index AOR = 8.9(0.99,17.45), knowledge AOR = 2.34(1.2-4.3). Perceived susceptibility AOR = 0.44 (0.33,11.33) and perceived severity of their child to diarrheal disease AOR 0.24CI (1.23,7.99). CONCLUSION: lactating mothers' perceptions toward their child probability of getting diarrheal disease and danger of the disease with primary education and above protected their children against diarrhea better than mothers with no education. Thus, implementing effective educational programs that emphasize on the benefit of complying with nationally recommended practice to prevent diarrheal disease is important to reduce the risk.
At the end of Millennium development goals, Ethiopia was included among 10 countries which constitutes about 59% of maternal deaths due to complications of pregnancy and/or childbirth every year ...globally. Institutional delivery, which is believed to contribute in reduction of maternal mortality is still low. Hence this study was conducted in order to assess utilization of institutional delivery and related factors in Bench Maji zone, Southwest Ethiopia.
Cross sectional study was employed from September 1st - 30th, 2015 in Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia where 765 mothers who deliver 2 years preceding the study provided data for this research. Data were collected by enumerators who were trained. In addition to descriptive statistics, binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Statistical significance was considered at a p-value < 0.05. Strength of association was also assessed using odds ratios with a 95% confidence intervals.
About 800 mothers were approached but 765 of them who gave birth 2 years preceding the survey participated and gave consent to the data included in the analysis. About 78.30% delivered their last child in health institution while rest gave birth at home. Factors such as maternal age, religion, occupation, availability of information source as TV/Radio, income quartile, residence, knowledge of problems during labor and antenatal follow up had association with institutional delivery which was significant.
In Bench Maji Zone institutional delivery was shown to be comparatively good compared to other studies in the region and in Ethiopia in general even though it is below the health sector transformation plan of Ethiopia which aimed to increase deliveries attended by skilled health personnel to 95%. Empowering women, increasing awareness about institutional delivery and proper scaling up of antenatal care services which is an entry point for institutional delivery are recommended.
Lukanga Mukara (1912), a young East African's letters written during his visit to the German interior and sent to his king anxiously awaiting news of his impressions of Germany. The letters are a ...social critique of pre-World War I Germany seen through the eyes of the young Lukanga Mukara. Never once does he refer to German colonial excesses on the continent where his king to whom he sends his letters lives. Hans Paasche, a young naval officer, author of Lukanga Mukara, son of the Vice Chancellor of the German Reichstag, arrived in Darussalam in 1904. In 1905 he led the Rufiji expedition, the German force that suppressed the Maji Maji Rebellion in German East Africa. The wholesale slaughter of Africans led to Hans Paasche's later conversion to pacifism and his eventual murder in 1920 at the hands of the Brigade Erhardt, ultra-nationalist forerunners of the Nazi Regime. Paasche's German East African experiences, his familiarity with Swahili, the knowledge he must have had of the effects of German colonialism, make his portrayal of the simple, naïve African character and his pastoral community untouched by Western civilization rather surprising. This paper examines African images dominating Lukanga Mukara and places these in the context of historical events and of literature written during and about this period of African history. It asks: What are the effects of images that form and inform the national consciousness.
The small town of Maji in Southwest Ethiopia has long been considered the periphery of the periphery. It was founded as a kätäma (fortified settlement) in 1898 by officers of Emperor Menelik II"s ...imperial army after its conquest of the area by his general Ras Woldegiorgis Aboye, and if developed as a small hub for trans-regional trade and as an imperial border post near British Sudan. It was founded in the territory of the Dizi people and was lightly "governed" and economically marginal. Well into the Dergue period, Maji was seen as an economic and social backwater, as a place of "exile " for political administrators and army officers who had "failed" or incurred the displeasure of their superiors. Its reputation was notorious, as it emerged basically a place based on exploitation or prédation of the hinterlana after its foundation in 1898: for foreigners (Baluchi and Swahili traders, gold diggers and big game hunters), Ethiopian state agents, long-distance traders, modern-day state bureaucrats, and today also for tourist visitors. Building on pioneer work by historian P. Garretson and a few others, in this paper I reconstruct the outlines of Maji's socio-cultural history as a microcosmos of Ethiopia's history and political economy, reflecting structures of power on the local and national level as welt as cultural "ranking" and diversity. Following Garretson, 1 thereby rephrase its reputed "isolated" status then and now: while economic and political connections to the wider society, meaiated by youth agency and Internet connection, are slowly emerging, its image of an "isolated place " is still dominant, buttressed by the town's geographic fringe location. Whether Maji *s current modest growth and transport connectivity are redefining its status as a 'remote periphery ' arid reshape its link to wider political-economic-social networks remains to be seen.
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