Comments on the content and aims of the Smokefree Aotearoa 2025 Action Plan - Auahi Kore Aotearoa Mahere Rautaki 2025 launched in New Zealand on 9 Dec 2021. Focuses on the contribution of the Plan to ...decolonising tobacco and eliminating harms relating to tobacco, noting the role of Māori (Indigenous) leadership. Contends that ‘a substantial shift’ is necessary to make structural changes and develop systemic support to foster an environment to eliminate dependence on nicotine and forge a future free from the influence of the tobacco industry. Observes that most Indigenous people want to quit smoking. Examines the situation in Australia and describes lessons that can be learned for the future. Source: National Library of New Zealand Te Puna Matauranga o Aotearoa, licensed by the Department of Internal Affairs for re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand Licence.
To investigate Māori (Indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand) understandings of dementia, its causes, and ways to manage a whānau (extended family) member with dementia.
We undertook kaupapa Māori ...research (Māori informed research) with 223 kaumātua (Māori elders) who participated in 17 focus groups across seven study regions throughout Aotearoa New Zealand and eight whānau from the Waikato region. We audio recorded all interviews, transcribed them and then coded and categorised the data into themes.
Mate wareware (becoming forgetful and unwell) ('dementia') affects the wairua (spiritual dimension) of Māori. The findings elucidate Māori understandings of the causes of mate wareware, and the role of aroha (love, compassion) and manaakitanga (hospitality, kindness, generosity, support, caring) involved in caregiving for whānau living with mate wareware. Participants perceived cultural activities acted as protective factors that optimised a person's functioning within their whānau and community.
Whānau are crucial for the care of a kaumātua with mate wareware, along with promoting healthy wairua for all. Whanau urgently need information to assist with their knowledge building and empowerment to meet the needs of a member affected by mate wareware. This requires collaborative healthcare practice and practitioners accessing the necessary mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge) to provide culturally appropriate and comprehensive care for whānau.
Tax as an instrument of social policy Susan Glazebrook
Victoria University of Wellington law review,
12/2021, Letnik:
52, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This article reviews the history of tobacco taxation in Aotearoa New Zealand and the gradual transition from the use of the tobacco tax as a revenue raising tool to an instrument of social policy and ...the consequences of that shift. In particular, the article examines the adverse impact of the present-day iteration of the tobacco tax on Maori and other disadvantaged groups.
This article deals with the rating of Maori freehold land as a case study of a field of law where Maori Land Law and Taxation Law overlap. Rates, are, of course, a type of tax. For Maori landowners, ...paying rates and rates debts were probably the most important tax-related problem they had to confront. The issue was not only that Maori landowners often could not afford to pay rates. While that was the case, the real issue was the overlay between Maori land law and tax law as such. The real problem with rating of Maori land was the Maori land law system itself. This article explains why this is so, and utilises rating law as a window into the complexities of the statutory Maori land law system and the complexities it caused to Maori landowners.
The courts can do more to make administrative law consistent with the 'Treaty of Waitangi'. In natural justice review, courts prescribe the procedural steps that administrative decision makers must ...take to give individuals affected by their decisions a fair hearing. In large-scale decisions relating to land and resources, Treaty principles are enforced upon the Government through the duty to consult. However, in individual-level administrative decisions affecting Maori, procedural fairness review references neither tikanga nor the Treaty. This discrepancy is theoretically unsound and must be reformed. This article argues that judicial natural justice analysis must take both tikanga values and Treaty principles into account where a Government decision impacts individual Maori. While a novel approach, accommodating these Treaty principles is consistent with current administrative law precedent. Tikanga is also a relevant component of procedural fairness review under the precedent set in 'Takamore v Clarke'. This approach means that Maori are more likely to be afforded an extensive forum to express their views on upcoming Government decisions that affect them. Maori could have more say on matters like Board of Trustee hearings on school suspensions and expulsions, parole decisions, prison discipline and even proposed Oranga Tamariki uplifts. This reform is needed to ensure that Government agents hear the Maori voice on issues that directly impact them.
This cross-sectional study aimed to explore various determinants of future physical activity (PA) participation in adolescents across sociodemographic groups. Sociodemographic characteristics (age, ...gender, ethnicity, deprivation status, physical disability status) were assessed in a national sample (
= 6906) of adolescents (12-17 years old) between 2017 and 2020 in New Zealand. The determinants of future PA participation chosen for analysis included current indicators of PA participation (i.e., total time, number of types, number of settings). We also examined widely recognised modifiable intrapersonal (i.e., physical literacy) and interpersonal (i.e., social support) determinants of current and future PA behaviour, along with indicators of PA availability issues. Older adolescents scored worse across all determinants of future PA than younger adolescents, with a key transition point appearing at 14-15 years of age. Māori and Pacific ethnicities scored best across each determinant category on average, with Asian populations scoring the worst. Gender diverse adolescents scored substantially worse than male and female adolescents across every determinant. Physically disabled adolescents scored worse than non-disabled across all determinants. Adolescents from medium and high deprivation neighbourhoods scored similarly across most determinants of future PA participation and both tended to score worse than people from low deprivation neighbourhoods. A particular focus on the improvement of future PA determinants is warranted within adolescents who are older, Asian, gender diverse, physically disabled, and from medium to high deprivation neighbourhoods. Future investigation should prioritise the longitudinal tracking of PA behaviours over time and develop interventions that affect multiple future PA determinants across a range of sociodemographic backgrounds.
Adopting an Interactional Sociolinguistic approach, this article focuses on one Māori male manager working in an ethnicised Māori workplace and examines the way he adapts his interaction patterns in ...meetings where he takes on different roles. The role of chair requires being much more active than when simply attending as a member of the team, while the additional responsibility of “acting CEO” adds extra interactional obligations and expectations. Team norms are important, these being constrained by the cultural context, and the analysis demonstrates how the focus participant’s adaptation of his interaction patterns reflects Māori norms and the values underlying these.
Evidence suggests that indigenous populations have suffered disproportionately from past influenza pandemics. To examine any such patterns for Māori in New Zealand, we searched the literature and ...performed new analyses by using additional datasets. The Māori death rate in the 1918 pandemic (4,230/100,000 population) was 7.3× the European rate. In the 1957 pandemic, the Māori death rate (40/100,000) was 6.2× the European rate. In the 2009 pandemic, the Māori rate was higher than the European rate (rate ratio 2.6, 95% confidence interval 1.3-5.3). These findings suggest some decline in pandemic-related ethnic inequalities in death rates over the past century. Nevertheless, the persistent excess in adverse outcomes for Māori, and for Pacific persons residing in New Zealand, highlights the need for improved public health responses.
The rate of community antibiotic use is high in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) when compared to other nations, and in NZ, as in most other nations, antibiotics are very commonly prescribed for ...self-limiting upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). Resources that build knowledge, perceptions and understanding can potentially reduce unnecessary antibiotic consumption.
To inform the content of educational resources, we conducted an in-depth qualitative study with 47 participants via 6 focus groups of the knowledge, attitudes, and expectations of whānau Māori and Pacific peoples about antibiotics and URTIs.
Focus groups with 47 participants identified four themes: Knowledge that might influence expectations to receive antibiotics for URTIs; Perceptions - the factors that influence when and why to seek medical care for URTI; Expectations - the features of successful medical care for URTI; Solutions - how to build community knowledge about URTI and their treatment and prevention. Knowledge that might reduce expectations to receive antibiotics for URTI included confidence in the use of alternative remedies, knowledge that URTI are usually caused by viruses, and concerns about antibiotic adverse effects. Participants commonly reported that they would confidently accept their doctor's recommendation that an antibiotic was not necessary for an URTI, provided that a thorough assessment had been performed and that treatment decisions were clearly communicated.
These findings suggest that building patients' knowledge and skills about when antibiotics are necessary, and increasing doctors' confidence and willingness not to prescribe an antibiotic for patients with an URTI, could significantly reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in NZ.
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