This work attempts to present the birth, development, and diffusion of modern marathon and distance running. Ancient stories and initial beginnings are fairly mentioned, but without any attempt to ...analyze in details the early forms of running. Instead, a more accurate study starts with the last decades of the 19th century which are being considered as crucial period for what will later become a new phenomenon of today’s modern society. The research approach relies on qualitative analysis and it’s characterized, besides existing literature, with personal interviews with key figures from the area of interest. It further contains short case studies that help to understand different aspects that contributed to the expansion and improvement of the industry of marathon and running in general. Part of the analysis will be also focused on the Czech Republic, so that this work gains larger local relevance and applications. Modern marathon and distance running is experiencing rapid growth and gains larger importance among various stakeholders. It can be said that the knowledge about its recent development is not very extensive, even among people that practice it or are directly and indirectly involved. The aim of this work, thus, is to offer selected highlights of its modern beginnings which should serve not just enthusiastic runners and organizers of marathon and long distance running events, but also historians, students, and academics as source of useful information and base for further academic works. Vývoj moderních maratonů a distančního běhu Tato práce si dává za cíl prezentovat vznik, vývoj a šíření moderního maratonu a distančního běhu. Práce se rovněž okrajově dotýká prvních historických pramenů v oblasti běhu, avšak podrobná analýza jeho raných forem není jejím účelem. Detailnější studie je naopak věnována období počínajícímu posledními dekádami 19. století, které zásadním způsobem předznamenaly vývoj směřující ke vzniku nového fenoménu dnešní moderní společnosti. Způsob výzkumu je založen na kvalitativní analýze a kromě využití existující odborné literatury je charakteristický především osobními rozhovory s klíčovými osobnostmi z oblasti distančního běhu. Práce dále obsahuje krátké případové studie umožňující lepší pochopení jednotlivých aspektů, které přispěly k expanzi a pokroku v oblasti maratonu a běhu obecně. Část analýzy se zaměřuje konkrétně na Českou republiku, aby tak mohla mít co nejširší lokální význam a využitelnost. Moderní marathon a distanční běh zažívají výrazný rozmach a přitahují stále větší zájem všech zainteresovaných osob – stakeholderů běžeckého sportu. Můžeme však konstatovat, že mezi aktivními běžci jakož i mezi dalšími lidmi, kteří jsou přímo či nepřímo s distančním během spojeni, nejsou vědomosti o jeho současném rozvoji příliš hluboké. Tato práce chce nabídnout vybrané, zásadní události moderní historie distančního běhu, a sloužit tak nejen zaníceným aktivním běžcům a organizátorům běžeckých závodů, ale též historikům, studentům a akademikům jako zdroj užitečných informací a základ pro budoucí vědeckou činnost.
How did the city-state of Athens defeat the invaders from Persia, the first world empire, on the plain of Marathon in 490 BCE? Clever scholars skeptical of our earliest surviving source, Herodotus, ...have produced one ingenious theory after another. In this stimulating new book, bound to provoke controversy, Peter Krentz argues that Herodotus was right after all.
Beginning his analysis with the Athenians' first formal contact with the Persians in 507 BCE, Krentz weaves together ancient evidence with travelers' descriptions, archaeological discoveries, geological surveys, and the experiences of modern reenactors and soldiers to tell his story.
Krentz argues that before Marathon the Athenian army fought in a much less organized way than the standard view of the hoplite phalanx suggests: as an irregularly armed mob rather than a disciplined formation of identically equipped infantry. At Marathon the Athenians equipped all their fighters, including archers and horsemen, as hoplites for the first time. Because their equipment weighed only half as much as is usually thought, the Athenians and their Plataean allies could charge almost a mile at a run, as Herodotus says they did. Krentz improves on this account in Herodotus by showingwhythe Athenians wanted to do such a risky thing.
Se recomienda empezar a entrenar de forma ligera e ir aumentando la intensidad progresivamente. También es conveniente realizar chequeos médicos, electrocardiogramas y revisiones coronarias. Conocer ...la propia frecuencia cardíaca es importante. El test de lactato indica cuál es la velocidad máxima a la que se debe correr para evitar la fatiga muscular.
It is recommended to start training lightly and increase the intensity progressively. Medical checks, electrocardiograms and coronary examinations are also appropriate. Knowing one's own heart rate is important. The lactate test indicates the maximum speed to be run to avoid muscle fatigue.
Para los corredores de fondo, el recorrido de la maratón hasta Atenas encierra un gran significado. Un mito europeo que conduce directamente al corazón de la crisis europea, a Atenas.
For background ...runners, the marathon tour to Athens encloses a great meaning A European myth that leads directly to the heart of the European crisis, to Athens.
Even though they had arrived in Israel a few hours earlier, three Ethiopian runners took the first three places in the Tel-Aviv Marathon today. The first Israeli, who came ninth overall was also an ...Ethiopian - a recent immigrant. Italians took fourth and fifth places. Winner Tesegay Segne finished the course in 2 hours, 19 minutes and 50 seconds. Strong headwinds combined with the effect of the long journey prevent Segne making better time. As late as last Sunday the Marathon's organisers were not sure if the Ethiopian runners were going to arrive to participate in the race. Photo shows: The picture shows the start of the 11th Tel-Aviv Marathon.
המידע אודות התצלום נמסר על ידי יוצר האוסף, מר דן הדני
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Even though they had arrived in Israel a few hours earlier, three Ethiopian runners took the first three places in the Tel-Aviv Marathon today. The first Israeli, who came ninth overall was also an ...Ethiopian - a recent immigrant. Italians took fourth and fifth places. Winner Tesegay Segne finished the course in 2 hours, 19 minutes and 50 seconds. Strong headwinds combined with the effect of the long journey prevent Segne making better time. As late as last Sunday the Marathon's organisers were not sure if the Ethiopian runners were going to arrive to participate in the race. Photo shows: The picture shows a lone runner cooling off in the 11th Tel-Aviv Marathon.
המידע אודות התצלום נמסר על ידי יוצר האוסף, מר דן הדני
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The attack on the Boston Marathon has once again shown that there is no absolute security in the face of terrorism. Political or religious attacks and deaths continue to occur since 11 September ...2001. And all this despite having stricter laws and military missions abroad. How should terrorism be addressed?
El atentado del maratón de Boston ha puesto una vez más en evidencia que no existe seguridad absoluta ante el terrorismo. Desde el 11 de septiembre de 2001 se siguen produciendo ataques y muertes por razones políticas o religiosas. Y todo ello a pesar de contar con leyes más estrictas y misiones militares en el exterior. ¿Cómo se debe hacer frente al terrorismo?
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